Soil biology oe
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HANDOUT 1
GEOGRAFI TANAH
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN GEOGRAFIFAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKANUNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
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Apa saja yang tinggal di dalam tanah?
Apa saja yang tinggal di dalam tanah?
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CO2
O2
Detritus (Plant Debris)
FungiEarthworms
Bacteria
Soil Humus
energy
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Size of Soil Organisms
Meso or mid-size(2–0.2 mm)
Micro or small(<0.2mm)
EarthwormEarthworm
MiteMite
BacteriaBacteria
YeastYeast
SpringtailSpringtail
Macro or large(>2 mm)
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Species and function• Animals
– Vertebrates: gophers, mice, vole, snakes
– Arthropods: spiders, ants, beetles
– Annelids: earthworms
– Mollusks: snails
– NematodesParasitic nematodes in insect larvae
Parasitic nematodes in insect larvae
Mouth parts of bacteria-feeding nematode
Mouth parts of bacteria-feeding nematode
Water bearWater bear
Predatory nematode
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Termite
Snail
EarthwormEarthworm
Vole
Soil AnimalsSoil Animals
Centipede
Pseudoscorpion
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Soil mesofaunaSoil mesofauna
Nematodes
MitesMites
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Soil microorganisms Soil microorganisms
Fungi
BacteriaBacteria
Fungi
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The rhizosphere
PlantRoot
• The zone of soil that is significantly influenced by living roots
• Usually extends about 2mm out from the root surface
• The rhizosphere is enriched in organic material due to root exudates and sloughed off root cells.
• Microbial activity in the rhizosphere may be 2 – 10 greater than in the bulk soil.
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Species and function
FungiFungi
AM fungusAM fungus
Slime moldSlime mold
MushroomMushroom
ProtistsProtists
FlagellateFlagellateCiliateCiliate
AmoebaAmoeba
RedyeastRed
yeast
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Soil factors that affect microorganism growth
• Organic matter
• Aeration (oxygen)
• Moisture and temperature
• Soil fertility and pH
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Cacing Tanah (Earthworm)
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WaterWater
Soil particlesSoil particles Plant rootsPlant roots
Soil is a habitatSoil is a habitat