Software Radio Course
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Transcript of Software Radio Course
A!
“Software Radio” course
Special session SNhANCE Study Tour
Kalle Ruttik
Department of Communications and Networking School of Electrical Engineering
Aalto University
A! Content
Course information Background, target group … Course structure Content of the course
Gnu radio platform Research projects around the used platform Demo
A! History of the course
”Software radio” is a new laboratory works based course that is introduced in fall 2013
Current bachelor level laboratory works are build for
illustrating and validating the communication theory It repeats the content of “theory” courses
New laboratory works course
Strengthen students software skills Build a bridge between communication theory and
programming Show how to apply theory in practice
A!
Basic courses (70 op) Aalto-studies + obligatory (10 op)
Program defines(60 op)
Major (60 op)
Program main course
Degree program subject related courses
Bachelor degree (10 op)
Minor (25 op)
Elective (25 op)
Bachelor degree
• Basic studies (70 op) - Aalto-courses + obligatory courses - Courses definded by the program
• Major (60 op) - Basic courses of the program - Bachelor thesis (10 op)
• Minor (25 op) - Minor subject courses offered by
schools of Aalto.
• Elective courses (25 op) - Additonal course in major and
minor subject - Strengthening minor (mobility) - Short minor
4
A! Information theory (IT), major 60 cr
Elective studies, Special courses (25 cr)
Select 5 courses: • Applied signal processing 5 cr (SA) • Random processes in
telecommunications 5 cr (SA) • Basics of Internet technology 5 cr
(TLV) • Application programming 5 cr (TLV) • Transmission methods 5 cr (TLV) • Software radio (Ohjelmistoradio) 5 cr
(TLV)
• Bachelor thesis and seminar 10 op
• Basics of information theory,
5 cr (TLV+SA) • Basics of automatics and
system analysis, 5 cr (AS)
• Information theory, 5cr (TLV) • Digital signal processing and
filtering, 5 cr (SA) • Modeling and analysis of
communication networks, 5 cr (TLV)
• Elective studies 25 op
A! Elective courses 25 CR
•Basics of information theory, 5 cr (TLV) •Information theory, 5cr (TLV) •Digital signal processing and filtering, 5 cr (SA) •Modeling and analysis of communication networks, 5 cr (TLV) •Signals and systems (TLV) 5 cr •Applied signal processing 5 cr (SA) •Random processes in telecommunication 5 cr (SA) •Basics of Internet technology 5 cr (TLV) •Application programming 5 cr (TLV) •Transmission methods 5 cr (TLV) •Software radio (Ohjelmistoradio) 5 cr (TLV)
Information theory (IT), minor 25 cr
A! Background information
The course belongs into bachelor degree program of Communication engineering
Course combines theory and experiments About 50 -60 students per year Prerequisites
“Signals and Systems” “Transmission methods”
The laboratory works also explores and explains system level issues not treated in any other bachelor level course in our curriculum.
A!
The structure of the course
A! Educational aspects of laboratory works
Learning outcomes specific to Laboratory works experimental skills real world experience experience for constructing actual systems discovering the results predicted by the theory familiarization with equipments motivation due to the clear practical results teamwork networking with outsides, searching information from different sources and contacts communication skills.
Broader educational targets investigation of a phenomena practicing problem solving skills practicing inquiring about the phenomenas.
A! Observed problems with laboratory works
Course organization related problems Students have different studying styles,
strict instructions vs “playing around” with equipments
Course assessment related problems Students drive to get “right answers” Too much freedom does not lead to good learning
Need of feedback from “authority”
Practical experiments implementation related issues The course too extensive, too much time spend on practical
measurements The equipments are not reliable Student groups may malfunction
A! Challenges
Mismatch between the teacher intention and students perception of the experimental work targets Students just measure and do not understand what is going on
Provide experiments with open ended questions Students tend to follow only the measurement instructions
Use wider set of assessment methods Not only assessments on measurement reports
A! Guidelines
Plan inquiry type laboratory exercises Balance between the type of experiments
Open ended questions Strict instructed measurements
Balance between the work in small groups and larger class based events
A! Structure of a lab work
Preliminary exercises Student learn the background material
First class Students plan the measurements
Laboratory measurements Done in two person teams Measurements can be done during certain days, no strict time
limits
Follow up class Analysis of the experiment results What was done, what can be concluded
A! Teaching objectives
Transceiver related topic After this course, you know how a radio transceiver is constructed.
You understand how the practical receiver differs from the theoretical models. You know how to model a non-ideal transceiver and how to measure the errors produced by the non-ideal behavior of the transceiver.
Software project You understand the structure of a software project and you are
able to participate in a large software project with multiple programmers. You know the basics of problem solving methods and you are able to apply those methods in your own projects.
Communication systems related issues You understand what the interference is. You can predict how the
interference impacts radio links and radio communication systems in general.
A! Core content Complementary knowledge
Specific knowledge
Scientific skills
Measurements: planning, implementation and analyze.
Modeling of radio systems.
Modeling and analyzing of errors
Interference concept and modeling.
Problem solving strategies.
Impact of radio environment and transceiver implementation errors on a design of a radio system.
Professional skills
Programming of radio transceivers.
Software management with version control systems.
Testing of software radios
Knowledge about measurement equipments use in testing of radio systems.
How large are the errors in existing systems.
A! Course structure
The course contains four laboratory works and an independent project. The laboratory works use software radios that are implanted by using the universal software radio platform (USRP) and GNU-radio framework.
During the course, the students study the performance of the software radio transceiver. They learn how the radio performance is described and how it is measured.
By using GNU-radio as an example, students learn how to structure a software project, how to handle version control and how to create and add new functions to the software based transceiver chain.
A! Topics of the lab exercises
Study of a transceiver chain Visualizing the theory taught on previous theory courses
Tranceiver performance measurements Learning about non-ideal behavior of the
Radio communication system measurements Interference and its impact
Software project management Cooperation with other programmers and software version
control
Learning problem solving methods Problem solving strategies and their use in small personal
project
A! Assessment method
Assessment based on the reports per group 2 person groups
Preliminary exercises: 30 points Measurement plans: 20 points Measurement reports: 50 point
A! Students workload
Laboratory work Load Introduction to a transceiver chain 25 h Transceiver performance measurements 25 h Interference in a radio environment 25 h Implementing a function for a software radio 25 h Independent project 33,5 h
One labwork Load Preliminary exercises 10 h Contact teaching 2 h Measurements 3 h Measurements reports 10 h
A! Workload
Lectures/contact hrs 0 h Exercise/contact hrs 0 h Laboratory works hrs 40 h Independent study 90 h Examination 0 h
A! Teachers workload
In a week Total Teacher 24 h 108 h Assistent 21 h 84 h
Teacher Preliminary reports: 1x20 min total 30x20 10 h Measurement reports: 1x20 min total 30x20 10 h Lectures: 4x2 = 8 h
Preparation for a lectures 4x2 = 8h Independet project: 2+4 h seminar time
Assistant Prearation for labworks: 4x3 = 12 h Measurements: 4 x 18 = 72 h
A! Content of individual labworks
How the ”analog” equations are implemented in digital computers
Each laboratory work contains
Communication theory Software radio implementation related issues Software radio development process
A! Topics of the lab exercises
Study of a transceiver chain Visualizing the theory taught on previous theory courses
Transceiver performance measurements Learning about non-ideal behavior of the
Radio communication system measurements Interference and its impact
Software project management Cooperation with other programmers and software version
control
Learning problem solving methods Problem solving strategies and their use in small personal
project
A! Lab1: Transceiver chain
Communication theory 3dB bandwidth, signal power measurements, SNR estimation FM modulation OFDM transmission Students plan: AM and FM signal SNR measurements
Software radio implementation Students will look and comment on implementation of software
radio blocks
Code development process Read and comment on GNU radio development process http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/TutorialsCor
eConcepts
A! Transceiver performance measurements
Communication theory Signal constellation and Error Vector magnitude (EVM) SINR estimation by using EVM, SNR estimation from signal
power. BER measurements Student planned measurements: Transmitter linearity
estimation and measurements
Software radio: adding and compiling a new block Gr-modtool: Students compile their own block
Doxygen Using doxygen for documenting the code
A! Radio communication system measurements
Communication theory
Interference: co-channel, adjacent channel Channel coding gain Students planned measurements: Pathloss and attenuation in
the radio channel
Software radio Students add functionality to a ready software radio block.
Noise generation block: adds noise to the input signal
Code development process Coding style quide
http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/Coding_guide_impl
A! Software project management
Communication theory Generation and using of CRC
Software radio Test driven programming
Code development process Using git version control system for managing the code
A! Learning problem solving methods
Individual project where the students have to use the learned skills
Review of problem solving strategies Students have to document their problem solving process and
describe each step in the light of the problem solving strategies
Platform
A! Transceiver
Tx software Running PC
USRP
Rx software Running in PC
USRP
Air interface Transmitter Receiver
A! Our System
Software
A! Software with USRP
Support software NI Labview
http://www.ni.com/usrp/
MathWorks http://www.mathworks.se/hardware-support/usrp.html
GNU radio
A! GNU radio
GNU radio is an open source software development kit
Hierarchical structure High level blocks in
Python Signal processing in C++
Primary a simulation tool.
A! Gnu radio
Software radio http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_radio
Core concept of GNUradio http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/TutorialsCoreConcepts
Beginners guide http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/HowToUse
Tutorial of how to write a new block http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/OutOfTreeModules
A! Under active development
Academic papers from GNU radio webpage
http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/AcademicPapers
Hardware USRP
A! Hardware
A! USRP
A! RF daughterboards
xcvr2450 2.4-2.5 GHz and 4.9-5.9
GHz Half Duplex Only
TX output power 100 mW
Single synthesizer shared between Rx and Tx
RSSI measurement that can be read from software
SBX 400 MHz to 4.4 GHz TX output power
16 to 20 dBm, with 32dB of power
control range Dual synthesizers for
independent Tx and Rx NF
< 3GHz: 5-7 dB 3 – 4 GHz: 7 -10 dB 4 – 4.4 GHz: 10 – 13 dB
A! Devices linearity
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
Input level
Mea
sure
d O
utpu
t Pow
er [d
Bm
]
USRP2N200
Ouputim3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
Input level
Mea
sure
d O
utpu
t Pow
er [d
Bm
]
USRP2N200
Ouputim3
A! Linearity II input 0.1
USRP2 N200
A! USRP related research
Radio transmission in TV white/black space Y. Beyene “TV Black-space Spectrum Access for Wireless Local Area
and Cellular Networks”, master thesis, Aalto. Performance study of overlay transmission on TV signal Y. Beyenne, K. Ruttik, R. Jäntti, “Effect of Secondary transmission on
Primary Pilot Carriers in Overlay Cognitive Radios”, submitted to CrowCom 2013.
H. Tewodros, “Testing a Simple Algorithm for LTE Synchronization and Cell Search”, master thesis, Aalto. Study of the impact of delay on overlay transmission
• Synchronization schemes for cognitive BS K.G. Vishnu, “Network Time Synchronization in Time Division - LTE
systems”, diploma thesis Feb.2013. • Implementation of the time synchronization in TDD network
• MIMO transmission in USRP platform G.C. Moreno, “Communication over USRP by using multiple antennas”
Thanks