Software Metrics
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Software MetricsFaculty Prof.V.Narayana K.S.Prakasa Rao P.Linga Reddy
Software Metrics - TopicsWhy measure What to measure When to measure Data collection Metric analysis Simple statistical tools Improvements Issues Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights ReservedSlide 2 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
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Why measure ?Software project goalsquality of deliverables timely delivery and cost
If you do not measure, you do not know where you are and do not know what to improve
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 3 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Why measure ?Need Quantitative Datato monitor progress to analyze trends to identify areas that need improvement to initiate improvements
Continuous improvement
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Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 4 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Why measure ?effort in person days in completing a task or number of defects reported in testing a module of software product or process For e.g.., Effort deviation percentage (planned versus actual) Defect density = defects per unit size of work product.
Measurement - A quantified observation For eg.,
Metric - A comparative measure of the performance
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 5 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
What to measure ?Project management metricsSchedule metrics Effort metrics Phase-wise effort distribution
Quality metricsDefect metrics Customer satisfaction Maintenance metrics
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 6 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
What to measure ? (contd)Cost metricsCost variance Cost of Quality
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Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 7 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Schedule metricsTo monitor the trends in the actual calendar days spent on completion of specific tasks/ activities against planned calendar days Development projects - phase wise measurements Sustenance projects - work request wise measurements Used for re-planning at the project level and as input for estimation at the company levelWhere Ideas Drive IT Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights ReservedSlide 8 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Schedule metrics (contd)Planned calendar days)/Planned calendar days) * 100
Schedule deviation = ((Actual calendar days -
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 9 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Effort metricsTo monitor the trends in the person days spent on completion of specific tasks/ activities against planned person days Development projects - phase wise measurements Sustenance projects - work request wise measurements Used for re-planning at the project level and as input for estimation at the company levelWhere Ideas Drive IT Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights ReservedSlide 10 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Effort metrics (contd)Planned person days)/ Planned person days) * 100
Effort deviation = ((Actual person days -
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 11 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Phase-wise effort distributionAnalysis of effort spent on each phase for different kinds of projects Comparison with size of work product at each phase Provides norms at the company levelfor preparation of proposals for project planning
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 12 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Defect metricsTo monitor trends in defects at each phase of development as well as during acceptance by the customer Classification by severity of defect and origin of defect helps in initiating corrective actions
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 13 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Defect metrics (contd)Defect densityNo of defects/size of the work product
Severity of defectsclassification of defects as critical, major & minor and their distribution at each phase
Origin of defectsclassification of defects based on the origin of defects such as requirements, design or coding
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 14 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Defect metrics (contd)Defects seepageDefects reported by customer during acceptance as a percentage of total defects reported during pre-delivery system testing
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 15 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Customer satisfactionBased on customer satisfaction survey, analyze the data and identify areas of strengths and weakness Identify causes that result in customer dissatisfaction and take corrective actions
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 16 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Maintenance metricsAnalysis of defects reported during warranty support Mean time taken to resolve problems reported by the customer
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 17 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Cost metricsCost variance = ((Actual cost - Planned cost)/Planned cost) * 100 Cost of QualityPrevention cost Appraisal cost Failure cost (Internal failures and external failures)
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 18 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
When to measurePeriodic - on a time bound basis (daily or weekly) Milestone - on completion of a specific mile stone
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 19 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Data collectionPlanned start date and close date for each phase Actual start date and close date for each phase Planned effort for each phase Actual effort for each phase Defects at each phase of review and testingWhere Ideas Drive IT Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights ReservedSlide 20 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Data collection (contd)Customer satisfaction survey data Customer feedback and complaints data Sustenance projects - schedule and effort (planned and actual) for each work request
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 21 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Metric analysisSchedule variance = ((Actual calendar days Planned calendar days)/ Planned calendar days)) * 100 Effort variance = ((Actual effort in person days Planned effort in person days)/ Planned effort in person days)) * 100 Effort distribution metric = Percentage of effort spent for each phaseSlide 22 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Metric analysis (contd)Defect metrics Defect density = Number of defects/size of the work product Defect distribution = Percentage of defects by defect severity and origin of defects Defects seepage = Defects reported during acceptance as a percentage of defects reported during internal testingSlide 23 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Metric analysis (contd)Customer satisfaction surveyCustomer satisfaction survey is conducted quarterly/mile-stone for large projects and end of project for small projects Parameters measured - Quality, Delivery, Service, Communication, Relationship and Value Rating for each parameter - 5 Excellent, 4 Fully satisfied, 3 Average, 2 Fair and 1 PoorSlide 24 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Metric analysis (contd)Customer satisfaction survey (contd)Each parameter to have a score of 3 plus and an overall score of more than 70% Analyzed for each customer and plotted for score of each parameter and total score
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 25 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Metric analysis (contd)Maintenance MetricsAnalysis of Time taken to respond to customer reported defects Analysis of type of defects by type and severity
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 26 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Metric analysis (contd)Cost MetricsCost variance = ((Actual cost - Planned cost)/ Planned cost)*100 Cost of QualityPrevention cost (Planning, training etc.,) Appraisal cost (Reviews and testing) Failure cost (Rework, customer complaints etc.,)
Where Ideas Drive IT
Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 27 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Simple statistical toolsScatter diagram Histogram Pareto Analysis Brainstorming Cause and effect diagrams Control chartsSlide 28 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
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Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Scatter diagramDiscover, confirm or display relationships between two sets of data
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Ideaspace Solutions Limited All Rights Reserved
Slide 29 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
HistogramDisplay the dispersion or spread of data
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Slide 30 of 43 Version:1.0 Date :05/08/2002
Histogram
Where