Software Engineering - 01. Introduction

Introduction toSoftware Engineering

Arry Akhmad ArmanSchool of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsInstitut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia

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School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman

Last update: September 2008

Software are everywhere!y


Current State of Human CivilizationHuman Civilization

Hardwaretechnology

Softwaretechnologygy

Networktechnology

Mechanical

Information Society

Mechanicaltechnology

Othertechnologies Information Society

Knowledge SocietyInformation Technologyis an enabler in

I f ti S i t

technologies


Information Society orKnowledge Society

The Importance of Softwarein Human Lifein Human Life

• Millennium Bug (Y2K) !

– Warning of Y2K bug one decade before 2000.

li ’ b d– Clinton’s government budget for Y2K is around 3.4B USD[source: http://cnn.com][ p // ]


Importance of Software[Roger S Pressman][Roger S. Pressman]

Become a driving force

Become a driving force

Importance of Engine that d i b i

Engine that d i b i

Key difference d d t

Key difference d d t Importance of

Software drives business decision making.drives business

decision making.modern products

and services.modern products

and services.

Basis for modern scientific

investigation problem solving

Basis for modern scientific

investigation problem solving


problem solvingproblem solving

Importance of Software[Roger S Pressman][Roger S. Pressman]

• It is embedded in system of all kinds : transportation, It is embedded in system of all kinds : transportation, medical, telecommunications, military, industrial process, entertainment, office products, … the list is almost endless.almost endless.

• Software is virtually inescapable in a modern world.

• And as we move into the twenty-first century, it will y y,become the driver for new advances in everything from elementary education to genetic engineering


engineering.

Role of Software

Software as a product Software as a tools d l d

• Software-software yang dapat menjalankan fungsi secara l ti W d

to develop product

• Tools untuk menghasilkan t d k ti i langsung, seperti Word

processor, Spreadsheet, dan sebagainya.

• Software-software embedded

suatu produk, seperti movie editor

• Operating System• CompilersSoftware software embedded

dalam berbagai perangkat : router, cellular phones, dan sebagainya.

• Compilers• Development Tools


IT roles has been predicted since ….p

• Osborne 1979 “new industrial • Osborne, 1979, new industrial revolution”

• Toffler, 1980, “advent of microelectronics part of the third wave of change in human historyAlvin Toffler history

• Naisbitt, 1982, predicted a

Alvin Toffler

Naisbitt, 1982, predicted a transformation from industrial society to information society


John Naisbitt

IT roles has been predicted since ….p

• Feigenbaum and McCorduck 1983 • Feigenbaum and McCorduck, 1983, “information and knowledge (controlled by computers) would be the focal point for ppower in 21 century

• Stoll, 1989, “electronic community” created by networks and software was the key to knowledge interchange throughout the world


Strategic and Innovative Industryg y

• Dalam buku “…impact of IS on the US and the world”, Feigenbaum & McCroduck menyatakan :Feigenbaum & McCroduck menyatakan :

– “Knowledge is power, and the computer is an amplifier of that power… The American computer amplifier of that power… The American computer industry has been innovative, vital, succesfull. It is, in a way, the ideal industry. ……….. But what about tomorrow ?”

• Tomorrow : Computer menjadi komoditas yang dapat disediakan oleh banyak pihak. Software masih menjadi industri yang “inovatif vital dan sukses”masih menjadi industri yang inovatif, vital dan sukses

• US bertahan untuk menjadi terdepan dalam industri software.


Software Industries Area


Silicon Valley, USBaliCamp, Indonesia

Bangalore, India’s Silicon Valleyg , y


Sumber: Foto Arry Akhmad Arman dari CeBIT 2005 di Hannover, Jerman

Thailand


Sumber: Foto Arry Akhmad Arman dari CeBIT 2005 di Hannover, Jerman

Silicon Valleyy

L ki h S J (d i f l f ) d h f Sili V llLooking west over northern San Jose (downtown is at far left) and other parts of Silicon Valley


Software menggeser peranan hardwaregg p

• Trend :Trend :– Hardware berubah menjadi platform yang semakin

“general purpose”

– Karakteristik sistem ditentukan oleh software.

– Software memegang peranan yang semakin penting.

• Contoh : Komputer, modem, IC, sentral telpon digital dan sebagainyadigital, dan sebagainya.


Pengertian Softwareg

• Software adalah Software adalah

– (1) instruksi-instruksi (program komputer) yang pada (1) instruksi instruksi (program komputer) yang pada saat dieksekusi akan menjalankan fungsi tertentu dengan kinerja (performance) tertentu,

( ) k d ki k k – (2) struktur data yang memungkinkan program untuk dapat memanipulasi informasi, dan

– (3) dokumen-dokumen yang menggambarkan operasi (3) dokumen dokumen yang menggambarkan operasi dan penggunaan program


Evolusi Software…….

• 1950-1965 : Batch orientation, limited distribution, custom software

• 1964-1974 : Multi user, Real-time, Database, Product Software

• 1973-1988 : Distributed System Embedded “Intelligence” • 1973-1988 : Distributed System, Embedded Intelligence , Low Cost Hardware, Consumer Impact

• 1985-2000 : Powerful desktop system, Object Oriented T h l E S A ifi i l N l N k P l l Technology, Expert System, Artificial Neural Network, Paralel Computing, Internet (Global Network), Multimedia


Perspektif Industrip

• Computer based systemComputer based system

– Awal : hardware-oriented management, cost terbesar dialokasikan pada hardware

Kini : terjadi perubahan besar software mengambil – Kini : terjadi perubahan besar, software mengambil peranan yang lebih penting, cost terbesar bergeser pada software.


Karakteristik Software

• Software : logical; Selain software : fisik; sehingga o og ; o ; ggkarakteristiknya tidak sama.

k k f• Karakteristik Software– Software is developed, it is not manufactured in the classical

sense.

– Software doesn’t “wear out”

– Most software is custom-built, rather than being assembled from existing components. o e st g co po e ts.

– Note : dengan berkembangnya teknologi OOP, pengembangan software berbasis komponen semakin banyak dilakukan


software berbasis komponen semakin banyak dilakukan.

Hardware Characteristic

infant t

e r

ate

mortality ware out

fail

ure


time

Software Characteristics

increased failurerate due to side effectsincreased failurerate due to side effects

Failurerate

rate due to side effectsFailure

rate

rate due to side effects

change

actual curve

change

actual curve

idealized curveidealized curve


TimeTime

Software Typesyp

• System SoftwareSystem Software

• Real-time Software

• Business Software• Business Software

• Engineering & Scientific Software

• Embedded Software • Embedded Software

• PC Software

Web based Software• Web-based Software

• Artificial Intelligence Software


Software Sistem

• Software Sistem adalah software yang berfungsi untuk melayani software lainnya

T t h i • Tugas utama : resource sharing, scheduling, manajemen proses, interface eksternal, dll.

Application• Contoh : compiler, utility

manajemen file, komponen-komponen sistem operasi driver Operating System

Application Software

komponen sistem operasi, driver, dan sebagainya.

Hardware

Operating System


Realtime Software

• Software yang berfungsi untuk memonitor/ menganalisis/mengontrol kejadian kejadian dalam “real world”kejadian-kejadian dalam real world .


Real-time System Configurationy g

Integrator/monitoring

Akuisisi AnalisisKontrol/Output


Response time

Software Bisnis

• Merupakan daerah Merupakan daerah aplikasi software terbesar

• Dibuat untuk mempercepat proses bisnis dan mempermudah pengambilan keputusan

• Berhubungan dengan database yang besar


database yang besar

Software Embedded

• Produk-produk pmekanik/elektronik semakin “pintar” karena dilengkapi dengan prosesor dan software g pyang embeded didalamnya.

• Software biasanya disimpan dalam ROM/EPROMdalam ROM/EPROM

• Software melakukan fungsi-fungsi yang sederhana

• Contoh : VCR, televisi, mesin cuci, dashboard mobil, dan

b i


sebagainya.

Software Web-based

• Software Web-based pada prinsipnya merupakan kombinasi dari bahasa untuk memformat dokumen (HTML) serta instruksi-instruksi yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk

– CGI

– Java

– Perl Hardware Software

Internet

W b S

CGI


Web Server

Software Intelligenceg

• Software Intelligence adalah software yang dapat menggantikan sebagian fungsi kecerdasan.

• Salah satu bentuk aplikasi yang populer adalah “Expert System”.

• Berkembang pula “Artificial Neural Network”


Do machine can be smarter than human??than human??


Deep Blue vs Garry Kasparov p y p

• Deep Blue, the screen of which is seen here as the computer plays chess against Garry Kasparov in 1997, is an IBM supercomputer that uses scalable parallel that uses scalable parallel processing to solve complex problems.

• Deep Blue uses 256 processors • Deep Blue uses 256 processors working together to calculate between 50 and 100 billion chess moves in under three

Real world applications of computers like Deep Blue include forecasting chess moves in under three

minutes.like Deep Blue include forecasting the weather, drug and genetics research, designing clean-up plans for toxic waste, and powering web servers on the


Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2005. © 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

powering web servers on the Internet.

Closing Remarksg

• Software menduduki peranan yang semakin Software menduduki peranan yang semakin strategis dibandingkan hardware

• Hardware menjadi sub-sistem yang dibuat j b y g bsemakin generik. Fungsi sistem ditentukan oleh software

• Industri software menjadi salah satu industri strategis yang sudah dikembangkan di berbagai

d h dik b k l di negara dan harus dikembangkan pula di Indonesia.


Thank youy

THIS SLIDES CAN BE DOWNLOADED INTHIS SLIDES CAN BE DOWNLOADED INhttp://www.slideshare.net/kupalima

Arry, Farid, Armein


Jembatan Golden Gate, San-Francisco, 2001Dalam rangka Comparative Study

Untuk Pengembangan Industri Software di Indonesia

Software Engineering - 01. Introduction

Technology

Transcript of Software Engineering - 01. Introduction