SOFC DEVELOPMENT by Tokyo Gas, Kyocera, Rinnai and...
Transcript of SOFC DEVELOPMENT by Tokyo Gas, Kyocera, Rinnai and...
SOFC DEVELOPMENTby Tokyo Gas, Kyocera, Rinnai and Gastar
○○○○ Tadaaki Ishikawa, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.Shoji Yamashita, Kyocera CorporationTsutomu Sobue, Rinnai Co., Ltd.Koji Hase, Gastar Co., Ltd.
6 june 2006
A table of contents
1. Background of Development
2. SOFC Development approach of TG
3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies
4. Progress of Development
5. Conclusions
6 june 2006
A table of contents
1. Background of Development
2. SOFC Development approach of TG
3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies
4. Progress of Development
5. Conclusions
6 june 2006
FY1973 FY1990FY2003
Industrial
Household& Commercial
■ Contribution to the Global Environment・Japan declared Reduction Greenhouse Gas Emissions 6%
decrease of 1990 level in 2008~2012
Background of Development
Contribution to the Global Environment
→ to promote energy saving, to develop on-site co-generation system with higher efficiency
■Transition of Energy Consumption in JAPAN
100 96 103
100 170 228
6 june 2006
■ Changes of Gas Business circumstances in Japan・Electrical grid efficiency improvement・Electric driven heat pumps COP improvement
(Turbo Chiller, EHP, CO2 Refrigerant Heat Pump Water Heater)
→ Natural gas advantages for environment might be small.→ to improve value of natural gas,
to develop on-site co-generation system with higher efficiency
Background of Development
Changes of Gas Business circumstances in Japan
We Accelerate Development of SOFC!
6 june 2006
A table of contents
1. Background of Development
2. SOFC Development approach of TG
3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies
4. Progress of Development
5. Conclusions
6 june 2006
High efficiency,Low cost
manufacturing
High efficiency,Large scale
Practical use stageEasy start-up,
Practical use stage
Specifications
NOT necessaryNOT necessaryNecessaryNecessaryReformer for Methane Fuel
AvailableAvailableNot availableNot availableTurbine Combined
System
CGS、Power Station1kW~MW
CGS、Power
StationCGSAutomobile、
Residential CGS
Applications
~ 50%+α~ 50%+α~ 36%~ 35%Efficiency (HHV)
H2、COH2、COH2H2Fuel
O2-CO32-H+H+Charge Carrier
up to 1,000℃750℃200℃Room Temp. to 100℃Operating Temp.
Oxide Ceramics (Zirconia)
Molten alkaline
carbonate
Phosphoric acidProton exchange
membrane
Electrolyte
Solid OxideFuel Cell (SOFC)
Molten CarbonateFuel Cell (MCFC)
Phosphoric Acid
Fuel Cell (PAFC)
Polymer Electrolyte
Fuel Cell (PEFC)
SOFC Development approach of TG
Characteristic comparison of various fuel cells
6 june 2006
FY1989 ~FY 2000 (TG)・Planar-type SOFC operable at high temperature (1,000℃)
・Electrolyte-self-supporting type cell・Generated over 1kWe by internal reforming of methane.
FY1998 ~FY2005 (TG)・Development of Planar-type SOFCoperable at intermediate temperature (750℃)
・anode-supported cell ---partly supported by NEDO (from FY2001 to FY2004)
FY2004~present (TG, Kyocera, Rinnai, and Gastar)
・「Flat-tubular segmented-in-series type SOFC」at intermediate temperature (740℃)
SOFC Development approach of TG
Transition of SOFC Development
6 june 2006
A table of contents
1. Background of Development
2. SOFC Development approach of TG
3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies
4. Progress of Development
5. Conclusions
6 june 2006
Cells-Stack, Bundle
TG/Kyocera
System
TG/Rinnai/Gastar/
Kyocera
SOFC Development by 4-Companies
Formation of Development
6 june 2006
・・・・ High Voltage/Low Current
・・・・ Compact
・・・・ Lower Manufacturing Cost
・・・・ Modifications of Inter-connect →→→→ intermediate temperature operation
Substrate
9 Paths of Fuel
Single Cell
SOFC Development by 4-Companies
Features of Flat Tubular Segmented-in-Series Type Cells-Stack of SOFC
See here
6 june 2006
Inter-connect
Cathode
Electrolyte
Anode
Air
Fuel-+
See here
SOFC Development by 4-Companies
Current Flow on/through a Cells-stack
Fuel
Inter-connect
Cathode(PLUS)
Anode (MINUS)
Electrolyte
See here
Current Flow
To Next Cells-stack
Flat Tubular Cells-stack
Cf. Typical Planar Type Cells-stack
Air
Air
Current Flow
6 june 2006
Single Cell
Cells-Stack ((((10We)(14 Cells on Both Sides)
a Bundle (210We))))(21 Cells-Stacks)
DC Module
2.5kWe DC
SOFC Development by 4-Companies
Integration of SOFC system
Manifold
12 Bundles
SOFC
SystemDC Module
+Inverter,
auxiliary Units,Control Unit,
Waste Heat Recovery
Present StageNow Developing
6 june 2006
High Temp. Partition
SOFCBundles(Cells-stacks))))
740℃℃℃℃
Insulation
DC power
Air
Fuel
Exhausted(Around 200~~~~300℃℃℃℃)
Pre-Reformer(especially for Propane, Butane)
Desulfurizer
Heat Exchanger
SOFC Development by 4-Companies
DC Module Diagram
SOFC System is …
・Insulation is needed
・No cooling water subsystem
・Pre-Reformer Only
・Exhausted reaches to 200~300℃
6 june 2006
SOFC Development by 4-Companies
Outlook of SOFC DC module & DC system
2.5kWe DC Module
2.5kWe DC system
SOFC
System
・Several-kW Class
・Efficiency 50%
・Co-generation
Now Developing
6 june 2006
10 100 1,,,,000 10,000
45
25
20
Generation Power (kW)
Lean-Burn GE
30
50
5550
45
44440000
35
30
25
20
ストイキストイキストイキストイキGE 熱熱熱熱電電電電可可可可変変変変GGGGTTTT
ジェネライト
GRID Efficiency(Demand Side)
Present
Plan
SOFC(SWPC)(HYBRID)
SOFC(MHI)
MCFC(FCE)
PAFC
1
家庭用家庭用家庭用家庭用PEFC
40
35
YANMAR EP350G
Fuel Cells
SOFC
PEFC
MCFC
PAFC
分散型発電システムの効率比較分散型発電システムの効率比較分散型発電システムの効率比較分散型発電システムの効率比較
Electric
al E
fficiency
(H
HV
%)
Domestic SOFC (Kyocera)SOFC(SWPC)
SOFC、、、、MCFC
Simple Cycle GT
Small size GE
Electro-thermal variable GT
Gas Engine
Gas Turbine
Stroke Smart GE
DomesticPEFC
TERGET
Ceramic GE (R&D)
Electric
al E
fficiency
(LH
V%
)
SOFC Development by 4-Companies
Map of various distributed power system
6 june 2006
A table of contents
1. Background of Development
2. SOFC Development approach of TG
3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies
4. Progress of Development
5. Conclusions
6 june 2006
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
セル
電圧
(V/c
ell)
10080604020燃料利用率 (%)
40% 50% 60%(HHV)
(CH4 Conversion)
・ Fuel Utilization Ratio Dependence
740℃Fuel: 20%H2O-H2
0.2 A/cm2
Fuel Utilization (%)
Voltage (V/cell)
Uf(%) η(%)(LHV)
70 53.6
80 60.5
85 64.0
※CH4 Conversion
Progress of Development
Performance of a Cells-stack (1)
6 june 2006
・ Durability of a Cells-Stack
Fuel: Dry H2
700℃0.2 A/cm2
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 1000 2000
Stack voltage (V)
Time (h)
Total (14 cells)
Side C (7 cells)
Side A (7 cells)
3.5%/1,000hrs
~0%/1,000hrs
Degradation rate
Manufacturing issue causes this degradation of side A.(It’s not a fatal problem)
Progress of Development
Performance of a Cells-stack(3)
6 june 2006
Fuel: Dry H2
0.2 A/cm2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Vo
ltag
e (V
)
807060504030
Fuel utilization (%)
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
Efficien
cy (%[H
HV
])
Uf(%) η(%)[LHV]
80 61.9
※CH4 Conversion
※CH4 Conversion
Progress of Development
Performance of a bundle
・ Fuel Utilization Ratio Dependence
6 june 2006
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Cur
rent
Cur
rent
Cur
rent
Cur
rent
(( ((AA AA )) ))
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Power
Power
Power
Power
(( ((W
eW
eW
eW
e )) ))
0 20 40 60 80 100
TIME TIME TIME TIME ((((minminminmin))))
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Fue
l Util
izat
ion
Rat
io(
%)
(%
)(
%)
(%
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
EfficiencyEfficiencyEfficiencyEfficiency
(%
(%
(%
(%
HH
VH
HV
HH
VH
HV )) ))
・ Operation Result using CH4 Fuel (from Start-up)
Progress of Development
Performance of a DC Module (1)
6 june 2006
40 45 50 55 60
TIME TIME TIME TIME ((((minminminmin))))
500
600
700
800
Temp.
Temp.
Temp.
Temp.
(( ((℃℃ ℃℃
)) ))
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Cur
rent
Cur
rent
Cur
rent
Cur
rent
(( ((AA AA )) ))
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0出
力出
力出
力出
力(( ((
kWkW kWkW)) ))
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Fue
l Util
izat
ion
Rat
io(
%)
(%
)(
%)
(%
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Efficien
cy(
%(
%(
%(
%H
HV
HH
VH
HV
HH
V )) ))・ Operation Result using CH4 Fuel (Thermally Self-sustainable)
Progress of Development
Performance of a DC Module (2)
■DC Module Operation Results
・Output Power 2.5kWe DC
・Electrical Efficiency 56.1%(LHVDC)(50.5%(HHV))
■In Future…・Electrical Efficiency 50% LHVAC
at several kW Class
6 june 2006
A table of contents
1. Background of Development
2. SOFC Development approach of TG
3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies
4. Progress of Development
5. Conclusions
6 june 2006
Summary of Development
■ We have concentrated on a 「Flat Tubular Segmented-in-Serious Type
SOFC 」 since FY2003.
→Confirmed High Performance of cells-stacks and bundles
■ We have developed DC module equipped with the cells-stacks.
→Achieved Electrical Efficiency 56.1% LHV-DC at 2.5kWe
Conclusions
Conclusions(1)
6 june 2006
Plan of Development
■Cells-stacks ・Durability Confirmation
■System ・CHP(CGS) System Development(DC module + Inverter, Auxiliary units,
Control unit & Waste heat recovery unit etc.)
・Reliability Improvement・Cost Reduction
・Target Electrical efficiency 50%LHVAC(NET)・Several kW Class
→ We aim at practical use of SOFC in several years.
Conclusions
Conclusions(2)
6 june 2006
Single Cell
Substrate
Fuel
Inter-connectCathode
SOFC Development by 4-Companies
Configuration of Flat Tubular Segmented-in-Series Type Cells-Stack of SOFC
Anode
Electrolyte
See here
Air
6 june 2006
0000
2222
4444
6666
8888
10101010
12121212SW
1SW
1SW
1SW
1SW
2SW
2SW
2SW
2SW
3SW
3SW
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3SW
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6SW
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6SW
6SW
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21SW
21SW
21SW
21
St ack no.Stack no.Stack no.Stack no.
Out
put
powe
r (W
)O
utpu
t po
wer
(W)
Out
put
powe
r (W
)O
utpu
t po
wer
(W)
平均 739.5℃平均 739.5℃平均 739.5℃平均 739.5℃
・ Output Power of Each Cells-stack
Progress of Development
Performance of a bundle (1)
Average 740℃