Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into...
-
Upload
philip-periman -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into...
![Page 1: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sociology of
David TushinSOCI – 101
Williams-Paez
How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes
![Page 2: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A Sociological Perspective
• History of Education• Sociological Perspectives– Functionalist– Conflict Theory– Social Reproduction
• Meritocracy• Pierre Bourdieu Capital• Modern Cases of Social Mobility & Education
![Page 3: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Hx of Education• Relationship between education and
social mobility• How schools influence social inequalities• Studies concentrated on the relationship
between class and educational opportunity. There was great optimism concerning the power of education to transform society. What needed transforming was the wastefulness of the existing school system. The search was on for ways in which schools could maximize their pupils' talents.
• Deprivation was traced to the failure of the working class family, faulty socialization, restricted language and low expectations
![Page 4: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Émile Durkheim
• Functionalism is a theory of social transmission
• Functionalists draw on Evolution in the natural sciences– Societies fulfill basic functions
to survive– They develop specialized
structures to carry out those functions
– The overall health of the society depends upon the health of each structure
![Page 5: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Émile Durkheim on Education
“Education is the influence exercised by adult generations on those that are not yet ready for social life. Its object is to arouse and to develop
in the child a certain number of physical, intellectual, and moral states which are
demanded by him by both the political society as a whole and special milieu for which he is
specifacaly destines…” (Ballantine)
![Page 6: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Functionalism
Social Structures (Institutions)
• Family• Government• Religion• Economic Systems• Education
Functions or Purposes• Reproduction• Distribute goods or services• Allocate Power• Transmit Rules, Customs,
and Appropriate Behaviors
Functionalist claim that if one socializing institution is not full filling its function another will take over that role to
retain equilibrium.
![Page 7: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Functionalism & Education
Intellectual Purposes• Acquisition of cognitive
skills• Acquisition of knowledge• Acquisition of inquiry skills
Political Purposes• Educate future citizens• Promote patriotism• Promote assimilation of
immigrants• Insure law and order
Economic Purposes• Prepare students for later
work roles• Select and train the labor
force needed by society
Social Purposes• Promote a sense of social
and moral responsibility• Serve as a site for the
solution or resolution of social problems
![Page 8: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Karl Marx• Conflict Theory accepts
inequalities (social / economic / political) as normal
• Social systems are dynamic – NOT equilibrium
• There are tensions between interest groups
• Four concepts: competition, structural inequality, revolution, and war
• Powerful groups who control economic and political systems
![Page 9: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Conflict View- Social Reproduction
• Powerful elites manipulate public opinion to preserve their entrenched position
• Elites have superior resources they can control the means of communication, they can maintain social inequalities
• Rather than promoting democracy, social mobility and equality, schools reproduce the ideology of the dominant groups in society
• Schools are structured like factories and are organized like bureaucracies
• Through tracking and testing, students are sorted into class / gender / based work roles
![Page 10: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Meritocracy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-KvkngqTYc ~1Min
• The idea of ‘meritocracy’ originates in sociological fantasy: that is, in Michael Young’s remarkable piece of social science fiction, The Rise of the Meritocracy
• Promotes social efficiency, social mobility and social justice
• Merit = IQ + Effort
![Page 11: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pierre Bourdieu
• Habitus– Each individual occupies a
position in a social space or “Habitus” characterized by habits, beliefs, mannerisms, linguistic styles
• Cultural Capital– These habits, beliefs,
mannerisms, languages have value know as “cultural capital” in some cultural settings
![Page 12: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Privileged Families
Have more Economic Capital $$$$
Leads to.. Social Capital
Cultural Capital
Academic Success
![Page 13: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Privilege
![Page 14: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xdfVAPvv9A
![Page 15: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Family incomes have declined for a third of American children over the past few decades.
![Page 16: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Countries with high income inequality have low social mobility
![Page 17: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Upward social mobility is limited in the United States
![Page 18: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The children of high- and low-income families are born with similar abilities but different opportunities
![Page 19: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
There is a widening gap between the investments that high- and low-income families make in their children
![Page 20: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The achievement gap between high- and low-income students has increased
![Page 21: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
College graduation rates have increased sharply for wealthy students but stagnated for low-income students
![Page 22: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
High-income families dominate enrollment at America’s selective colleges
![Page 23: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
A college degree can be a ticket out of poverty
![Page 24: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The sticker price of college has increased significantly in the past decade, but the actual price for many lower- and
middle-income students has not
![Page 25: Sociology of David Tushin SOCI – 101 Williams-Paez How Educational Institutions Divide us into Hierarchies & Classes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c985503460f94954461/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Few investments yield as high a return as a college degree