FOLLOWING THE 5 MAJOR RELIGIONS

Sociology Chapter 19- Religious SECTS

JUDAISM

Orthodox Judaism Traditional Believe Torah came through Moses Believe in 613 commandments that are binding Ultra traditional live apart from main stream society

and dress distinctively in accordance with Jewish law. Conservative Judaism

Torah transmitted to humans and contains human components

Generally accept Jewish Laws Believe laws should be adapted with culture

Reform Judaism Liberal Does not accept Jewish law as binding Maintains most ethic and morals

Reconstructionist Judaism Most liberal “evolving religious civilization” Observe laws, but see them as

valuable cultural remnants Doesn’t believe God chose the Jewish people

CHRISTIANITY Started in the Holy Roman Empire 1054- Great Schism (Split)

Roman Catholic ↔ Greek Orthodox

1517 Protestant Reformation- rebellion against Roman Catholic Church Protestants ↔ Catholics

Protestants – reject the popes authority, believe the bible only source of truth, no indulgences, no confession

Catholics- God appoints Pope and speaks through pope, confession, indulgences, and sacraments apart of salvation

Protestant Branch lead by Martin Luther will split into many smaller sects

based on interpretations of the bible Lutherans- bible only source of truth Calvinists- believe in predestination Anabaptists- against infant baptism

Amish Mennonite Baptist

Anglican- Church of England- Henry VIII Methodist Puritans

ISLAM

2 Major Sects- at time of Muhammad's death

Sunni- Believe Caliph is chosen Geography- Most of the Middle East and

Northern Africa 1.1 Billion- 90%

Shiite- (Shia) Leader of Muslims should be a descendant

of Muhammad Largest population in present day Iran and

Pakistan 120 million, 10% of population

Sufi- Missionary Muslims spreading the word of Allah and Muhammad

HINDUISM

3 major branches- though not sects (no schism) Share rituals and beliefs, recognize different supreme Gods, differ

in how to accomplish afterlife in some small ways Vaishnavism- Main God Vishnu- the preserver

Largest denomination 1 supreme God who is in all created things Meditation Marks U, Y or T

Shaivism- main God Shiva- the Destroyer In South India and Sri Lanka 1 supreme God anthropomorphic

Shakitism- main God Shakti- she has 4 forms Oldest of the Hindu denominations

Vishnu

BUDDHISM

2 main sects Theravada↔ Mahayana

Theravada- Orthodox S. Asia,(Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos) Follow practices of Buddha Believe he was a spiritual leader- not God Afterlife is freedom from suffering

Mahayana Tibet, China, Japan, Koria Buddha is a GOD Idea of salvation for belief in Buddha More traditions due to influence from

Japan and China

Tibetan Buddhism Tibet, Nepal, India Dalai Lama Incorporate all sects Faster path to enlightenment Bodhisattvas- being who have achieved enlightenment

and comment themselves to help others Dalai Lama

High Lama Reincarnates and must be located How to find the reincarnate?

Usually high lama finds 2-4 yr. search Usually in Tibet Test- smoke blowing in the direction of the

chosen, and must under go many tests