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Transcript of SOCIOLOGY A Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e SOCIOLOGY Chapter Eight: Deviance and Social Control This...
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SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGYA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e
SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGYA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e
Chapter Eight: Chapter Eight: Deviance and Social Deviance and Social
ControlControl
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:• any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;• preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;• any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
James M. HenslinJames M. HenslinJames M. HenslinJames M. Henslin
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 2
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
“It is not the act itself, but the reactions to
the act, that make something deviant.”
Howard Becker, 1966
What is Deviance?What is Deviance?
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 3
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Relative Deviance
What is Deviant to Some is not
Deviant to Others
“Deviance” is Nonjudgmental Term
What is Deviance?What is Deviance?
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 4
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Crime
Violation of Norms as Laws
Deviance
Violation of Rules or Norms
Stigma
Blemishes on “Normal” Identity
Deviance TerminologyDeviance Terminology
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 5
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
No Norms - Social Chaos
Social Control
Group’s Formal and Informal
Means of Enforcing Norms
Norms Make Social Life PossibleNorms Make Social Life Possible
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 6
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Negative Sanctions
Positive Sanctions
SanctionsSanctions
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 7
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Shaming is a Sanction
Can Be Centerpiece of Public Ritual
Degradation Ceremony
Shaming and Degradation CeremoniesShaming and Degradation Ceremonies
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 8
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Sociobiology
Look for Answers Inside Individuals
Genetic Predispositions
Explanations of DevianceExplanations of Deviance
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 9
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Psychology
Focuses on Abnormalities
Within Individuals
Personality Disorders
Deviant Personalities
Explanations of DevianceExplanations of Deviance
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 10
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Sociology
Look for Answers Outside Individuals
Social Class
Explanations of DevianceExplanations of Deviance
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 11
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Families
Friends, Neighbors
Subculture
Prison or Freedom?
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveDifferential Association Theory
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveDifferential Association Theory
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 12
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Inner Controls
Morality
Conscience
Religious Principles
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Control Theory
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Control Theory
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 13
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Outer Controls
Attachments
Commitments
Involvements
Beliefs that Actions are Morally Wrong
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveControl Theory
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveControl Theory
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 14
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Focuses on the Significance of Labels
Labels Become Part of Self-Concept
Propel Towards or Away from Deviance
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveLabeling Theory
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveLabeling Theory
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 15
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Denial of Responsibility
Denial of Injury
Denial of a Victim
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveRejecting Labels
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveRejecting Labels
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 16
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Condemnation of Condemners
Appeal to Higher Loyalties
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveRejecting Labels
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveRejecting Labels
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 17
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Embracing Labels—Outlaw Bikers
The Power of Labels—Saints and
Roughnecks
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveLabeling Theory
Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveLabeling Theory
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 18
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Clarifies Moral Boundaries
and Affirms Norms
Promotes Social Unity
Promotes Social Change
Functionalist PerspectiveCan Deviance Be Functional?Functionalist PerspectiveCan Deviance Be Functional?
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 19
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Social Values Produce Deviance
Cultural Goals
Institutional Means
Strain Leads to Anomie
Functionalist PerspectiveStrain TheoryFunctionalist PerspectiveStrain Theory
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 20
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Innovators
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion
Functionalist PerspectiveFour Deviant PathsFunctionalist PerspectiveFour Deviant Paths
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 21
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Unequal Access to Institutional
Means to Success
Street Crime
White-Collar Crime
Gender and Crime
Functionalist PerspectiveIllegitimate Opportunity StructuresFunctionalist PerspectiveIllegitimate Opportunity Structures
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 22
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 23
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Class, Crime, and the Criminal
Justice System
Power and Inequality
The Law as an Instrument of
Oppression
The Conflict PerspectiveThe Conflict Perspective
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 24
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Street Crime and Prisons
Reaction to DevianceReaction to Deviance
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 25
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 26
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Recidivism
Reaction to DevianceReaction to Deviance
Street Crime and Prisons
The Decline of Crime
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 27
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 28
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Recidivism
The Death Penalty Bias
Reaction to DevianceReaction to Deviance
Street Crime and Prisons
The Decline of Crime
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 29
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 30
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 31
Chapter 8:Deviance and Social Control
Legal Change
Trouble with Statistics
Medicalization of Deviance Neither Mental nor Illness?
Homeless Mentally Ill
Need for More Humane Approach
Reaction to DevianceReaction to Deviance
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