Society of America

-

ISSN 0541-4938

Mycological

Society of America

NEWSLETTER

vol. 31 no. 1 June 1980

O F F I C E R S OF THE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

JAMES W. KIMBROUGH, President

U n i v e r s i t y of F l o r i d a G a i n e s v i l l e , F l o r i d a 32611

MARGARET BARR BIGELOW, Vice-President

U n i v e r s i t y of Massachuse t t s Amherst , Massachuse t t s 01003

JACK D. ROGERS, Past Pres. (1978)

Washington S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y Pul lman, Washington 99163

MICHAEL J . LARSEN , Counci lor (1978-80)

C e n t e r f o r F o r e s t Mycology l.Iadison, Wisconsin 53705

MARIE L. FARR, President-Elect

BARC-Wes t B e l t s v i l l e , Maryland 20705

HARRY D . THIERS , See. -Tress.

Department of Biology San F r a n c i s c o S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y San F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f o r n i a 94132

ROBERT L. GILBERTSON, Past Pres. (1979)

U n i v e r s i t y of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721

SALOMON BARTNICKI-GARCIA, Councilor (1978-80)

U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a R i v e r s i d e , C a l i f o r n i a 92502

JAMES REID, Councilor (1979-81)

U n i v e r s i t y of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2

LARRY F. GRAND, Councilor (1979-81)

North C a r o l i n a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y R a l e i g h , North C a r o l i n a 27607

ANALYTAB PRODUCTS D i v i s i o n of A y e r s t L a b o r a t o r i e s

P l a i n v i e w , New York 11803

S U S T A I N I NG MEMBERS

AYERST LABOPATORIES ' P.O. Box 6115

Mont rea l , Quebec, Canada H3C 351

BBL PlICROBIOLOGY SYSTEMS .*

P.O. Box 243 C o c k e y s v i l l e , 14D 21030

BELLCO GLASS, I N C . Complete o f f e r i n g of

b i o l o g i c a l l a b o r a t o r y g l a s s w a r e & equipment P.O. Rox By Vine land , Yew J e r s e y 08360

BUTLER COUNTY MUSHROOM FARM C/

West W i n f i e l d , Pennsy lvan ia 16062

EDWARD E. BUTLER, Councilor (1979-81)

U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a Dav i s , C a l i f o r n i a 95616

CALBIOCHEM J P.O. Box 12087

San Diego, C a l i f o r n i a 92112

CAMPBELL SOUP COMPANY Camden, New J e r s e y 08101

CAROLINA BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY CO. /'

2700 York Road B u r l i n g t o n , NC 27215

DEKALB AGRESEARCH, I N C . Sycamore Road

Dekalb, IL 60115

DIAMOND SHAMROCK CORPORATION T. R. Evans Research C e n t e r

P.O. Box 348 P a i n e s v i l l e , Ohio 44077

CONTINUED INSIDE BACK COVER

M Y C O L O G I C A L S O C I E T Y OF AMERICA NEWSLETTER

Volume 31, No. 1, June 1980

Edited by Donald H. Pfister and Geraldine C. Kaye

TABLE OF CONTENTS

General Announcements . . . . . . . . 2 Meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 New Projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Fungi for Distribution. . . . . . . . 6 Fungi Wanted. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Identifications . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Publications Wanted . . . . . . . . .10 Publications for Sale,

. . . . . Give-away, or Exchange. .11

. . . . . New Books by MSA members. .13 . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous .13

. . . . . Vacancies for ~lycologists .13 Postdoctoral Positions/ Assistantships. . . . . . . . . . -14

. . . . . . . . . . . Positions Wanted .15 Travels, Visits. . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Changes in Affiliations. . . . . . . . .17 Papers, Symposia, Workshops. . . . . . .18 Honors, Awards, Promotions . . . . . . .1Q

. . . . . . . . . . . . Personal News. .20 . . . . . . . . 50th Anniversary Quiz. -20

. . . . . . . . . . Notes and Comments .21 Instructions for Directory

. . . . . . . . . Supplement Removal .24 Annual Meeting-Schedule & Abstracts. . .25

SEE CENTERFOLD FOR DIRECTORY

L E T T E R FROM T H E E D I T O R S

We thought perhaps some statistics would be of interest to Newsletter readers. This issue was assembled from about 150 questionnaires (10% of the members), mostly from the United States and Canada. In addition about a hundred news releases and letters were received in the last six months: of these about 25 contained information used in this number.

We've been trying to assure that members receive forms in plenty of time by modifying mailing schedules and by including forms in the overseas Newsletter mailings. If questionnaires are not reaching you in time to reply, please let us know.

Elwyn T. Reese was the first (and only) member to respond correctly to our query on the trio of mycologists pictured in the last number. The mycologists were, from the left, W. H. Weston, D. H. Linder, and W. L. White. Thank you, Dr. Reese, for taking us up on the challenge. Our prize to you is in the mail. Our new challenge is the 50th Anniversary awareness quiz on page 20. We hope to hear from others of you out there besides Dr. Reese. We shall be glad to receive more questions to use in the December issue of the Newsletter.

Please note that this issue contains abstracts of papers and posters and the program schedule for the Tucson meeting in August. The information was assembled by Dick Hanlin, Program Chairman. Also included in this issue is a supplement to the 1979 Nembership Directory. If our planning works out you will be able to remove this section, fold and cut it, and add it to your Directory.

The Newsletter cover is an unpublished illustration of Spathulospora adelpha Kohlm on Ballia callitricha by the late Erika Kohlmeyer. The cover of the Directory supplement was provided by G. Morgan-Jones. We shall welcome suggestions of artwork for future issues; however, our last appeal brought in enough material to carry us through the next two issues.

Donald Pfister and Geraldine Kaye

From a notebook prepared for a Cryptogamic Botany course by Clyde E. Keeler ca. 1925. (Farlow Library Archives)

GENERAL ANNOUNCEMENTS

The Edward W. Browning Award is presented annually to an individual who has made outstanding contributions in the improvement of food sources anywhere in the world. The award, presented by the American Society of Agronomy, consists of a $5,000 prize, a bronze medal and a certificate. Nominations must be sponsored by a recognized professional association or society and the achievement must have been completed within the past 10 years. Each society can make only one nomination. Nominations must be submitted to the American Society of Agronomy by mid-February, 1981 for the 1981 award. MSA members who have suggestions for a society nomination should contact F. A. Uecker, Chairman of the Research Committee, well in advance of the deadline date since considerable documentation is required.

THE AMERICAN TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION (ATCC) recently announced the appointment of a new director. Dr. Robert E. Stevenson, Vice President and General Manager of the Biomedical Research Division, Litton Bionetics, Inc. Kensington, Maryland, has been named to head the Rockville-based, non-profit corporation. He succeeds Dr. Richard Donovick who is retiring following seven years with the Collection.

ATCC is a national center which collects, preserves and distributes authentic cultures of living microorganisms and animal cells. In addition, the Collection conducts research and provides vital technical bioscientific information to educators and industry. It is an invaluable resource to the scientific community as a national microbiological museum and bureau of standards.

Drew University has announced that it has named a 38-acre tract on Loantaka Way in Madison, N.J. in honor of Florence and Robert Zuck. The arboretum was acquired by Drew from the Dodge Estate. Both Zucks have been active in local conservation and wild-life protection projects.

D. L. Hawksworth, Secretary, IMA, has asked that organizations wishing to be involved in the planning and symposia, etc. for the Third International Mycological Congress (Tokyo, 28 August-3 September 1983) submit suggestions, requirements or other comments. MSA members with suggestions should contact the Secretary-Treasurer.

Dr. K. Natarajan, Plycological Society of India, University Botany Laboratory, Madras - 600005, India has written that membership in the Yiycological Society of India is open to all those interested. The Society publishes the journal Kavaka. Membership is $6 for individuals, $12 for institutions. Contact Dr. Natarajan.

The International llushroom Society for the Tropics was formed during the UNESCO Regional Workshop on the Cultivation of Edible Plushrooms in Flanila, Philippines, March 3-7, 1980. Dr. S.-T. Chang was elected president and will also serve as editor-in-chief of the Society's quarterly, "Mushroom Newsletter for the Tropics." The editorial board includes members from ten Asian countries, plus W. Germany, Canada, and Ralph Kurtzman from the U.S. ??embership, including the Newsletter, is US $10, sent to the secretary-treasurer, Mr. Siengton Nutalaya, Thailand Institute of Science and Technology, 196 Paholyothin Rd., Bangkok 9, Thailand. Institutional subscriptions are US $15.

The Society wishes to welcome the following new Sustaining Members: Grain Processing Corporation, Nalge Company, Pelco-Ted Pella Inc., Springer Verlag New York Inc., Wyeth Laboratories Inc., Wampole Laboratories, BBL Microbiology Systems, Carolina Biological Supply Co., and DeKalb Agresearch, Inc. We thank them for their support, and trust that this will be the beginning of a long and mutually beneficial association with our Society.

MEET I NGS

The 1980 annual CHARLES HORTON PECK FORAY will be held in the eastern Catskill Mountains, New York on September 12-14, 1980 with headquarters at Ashokan Field Campus of SUNY, New Paltz. For further information contact Clark T. Rogerson, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458.

The NAMA NATIONAL FORAY (John N. Couch Foray) will be September 19-21 at Tuxedo, North Carolina. Harold Keller will give a Myxomycete workshop in conjunction with the foray. Contact A. Stanley, Rt 3, Box 1, Statesville, NC. 28677. -

The fifth NORTHEASTERN FORAY will be held August 22-24 in Bennington, VT. Contact , /

James Kronick, 46 Beacon Hill Dr., Waterford, CT 06340. -a

The fifth NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE IN MYCORRHIZAE will be sponsored by the Faculty of Forestry and Geodesy of Laval University in Quebec City, Canada from August 16-21, 1981. Send inquiries to 5th North American Conference on Mycorrhizae, ~6partementd'Ecologie et P6dologieY Universitg Laval, Ste-Foy, Que., G1K 7P4, Canada.

The OHIO MUSHROOM SOCIETY FALL FORAY will be held October 4-5 in Hocking Co., OH. Contact Walt Sturgeon, 121 Brookline Ave., Youngstown, OH 44505.

A workshop on diagnosis of needlecast and other foliage disease fungi will be conducted in conjunction with the 1980 WESTERN INTERNATIONAL FOREST DISEASE WORK CONFERENCE, Sept. 16-18, 1980 at Pingre Park near Ft. Collins, CO. Contact J. M. Staley, 240 Prospect St., Ft. Collins, CO 80526.

FUNGAL METABOLISM will be the general topic of a Gordon Conference to be held at Brewster Academy, Wolfeboro, NH. Paul A. Lemke and Stuart W. Tanenbaum are co-chairmen. Topics covered will include toxic peptides from fungi, new fungal pharmacodynamic agents, use of protoplasts in experimental mycology, experimental probes for secondary metabolism, and chemical signals among fungi. For application form write Paul Lemke, Auburn University.

The Annual Meeting of the SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY will be held August 10-15, 1980 in Flagstaff, Arizona. For information and preregistration contact A. Kulback,SIM/AIBS, 1401 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209.

On September 7-12 the second INTERNATIONAL CONGPdSS FOR MICROBIAL ECOLOGY will be held at the University of Warwick, U.K.

A. H. Smith and H. D. Thiers will be senior faculty members at the ROCKY MOUNTAIN PUSHROOM CONFERENCE, Snowmass, CO on Aug. 10-15, 1980. The conference is designed for professional mycologists, amateurs, botanists, teachers, physicians, medical personnel and those interested in the identification and toxic properties of wild mushrooms. Basic courses will be taught by G. L. Grimes and L. S. Gillman. Contact Department of Professional Education, Rocky Mountain Poison Center, West 8th Ave. and Cherokee St., Denver, CO 80204.

Florence, Italy will be the site of the 12th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF CHEMOTHERAPY (July 19-24, 1981). Topics will be antimicrobial, anticancer and antiviral chemotherapy as well as immunology and imunotherapy. For further information write Secretariat, 12th International Congress of Chemotherapy, Via della Scala, 10, 50123, Florence, Italy.

Those in the San Diego, California area interested in Mycophagy, Microscopy, and Photo- graphy might wish to join the 5-10 members of the SAN DIEGO MYCOPHILES. Contact Armand G. Roberge or Harold Pringle, 1209 Muirlands Vista Dr., La Jolla, CA.

MSA Annual Meeting news and abstracts begin on page 25.

4 NEW PROJECTS

L. BURPEE: Comparative studies with Rhizoctonia solani and R. cerealis on small grains and turfgrass.

K. Y. LEELAVATHY and Sr. LITTLE FLOWER, Mycology Research Laboratory, Botany Department, Calicut University, 6 7 3 635 Kerala, India, are working on fleshy fungi of Malabar.

A. BELT,: The genus Cheilymenia.

F. L. BINDER: Regulation of amino acid transport in the haustorial mycoparasites, pyridine nucleotide cycle turnover in the host-parasite relationship.

M. 0. GARRAWAY: Effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on sporulation in Helminthosporium maydis.

H. GUTZ: Genetics of the mating-type system in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

R. AGERER: Studies in the Flora Neotropica:Syphelloidea.

B. D. NELSON, JR.: Survival and activity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil of North Dakota; epidemiology of Sclerotinia head rot of sunflower.

M. LITTLE and J. PRESTON: Cyclic peptide production in Amanita species.

J. MOTT and F. DICOSMO: Studies on appendage development in Coelomycetes, under supervision of T. R. Nagraj.

K. L. BRAUN, JR.: As an exercise in high school biology, we are studying the corticolous Myxomycetes of the North High School Land Laboratory. The project is supported by grants from the Ohio Academy of Science.

E. BADHAM: Developing an energy budget for mushrooms.

P. SINGH: Cone and seed fungi of softwood species in Newfoundland and Labrador.

B. LOWY: Tremellales of the Brazilian Amazon, from Sept. to Dec. 1980, as part of the Projecto Flora Amazonica sponsored by the New York Botanical Garden.

J. M. TRAPPE: Spore key to genera of hypogeous fungi.

C. W. HESSELTINE: Aflatoxin and other mycctoxins in corn and other cereal grains; meta- bolites of toxin-producing fungi found in corn and other cereal grains; origin and ecology of myctonin-producing fungi in grain.

C. B. WOLFE, JR.: A study of Tylopilus subg. Tylopilus for North America.

D. DIXON: study of dematiaceous fungi recovered from normal and diabetic human corneas. He is also examining "saprophytic" and phytopathogenic fungi for possible zoopathogenic potential.

R. H. ESTEY: A study of aulophane (stem) fungi in relation to those of the thizoplane (root) where both the stem and the root are underground.

L. M. KOHN and TROND SCHUMACHER (Botanical Laboratory, University of Oslo): Monographic and floristic studies of Myriosclerotinia (Discomycetes: Sclerotiniaceae).

D. L. LARGENT: Mycorrhizae of redwoods (coast redwood); fleshy fungal flora of coastal sand dunes, redwoods, sitka spruce.

G. M. BAKER: S tud i e s on t h e popula t ions of Coprinus comatus, C. micaceus and C. -- mentar ius of Nez Perce County, I D .

W. L. BIGG: N u t r i t i o n and mycorrhizae of redwood.

D. S. CHAHAL: C e l l u l a s e product ion on steam-exploded wood and enzymatic hyd ro ly s i s of steam-exploded wood i n t o hexoses and pentoses f o r f u r t h e r fe rmenta t ion i n t o f u e l a l coho l ( e thano l ) .

K. NATARAJAN: Agaric f l o r a a s s o c i a t e d wi th Pinus p a t u l a p l a n t a t i o n i n Kodaikanl, South Ind i a .

M. LAZEIIATI0?3 ( i n l a b o r a t o r y of P. G. MILES): Cyanide-insensi t ive r e s p i r a t i o n i n Schizo- phyllum.

P. G. MILES: U n i l a t e r a l nuc lear mig ra t i on i n Schizophyllum.

M. AU ( i n l abo ra to ry of P. G. MILES): Endomycorrhizae.

PI. AU and P. G. MILES: Growth and f r u i t i n g of e d i b l e fung i on waste m a t e r i a l s .

FORTHCOMING COURSES

D r . Kenneth Erb w i l l t each a graduate course on FUNGI OF LONG ISLAND AND ADJACENT AREAS, F a l l semester 1980, a t Hofs t ra Univers i ty , Hempstead, Long I s l and , NY 11550.

A course on FUNGI AND MAN--AN INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY w i l l be o f f e r e d Tuesdays 7-10 p.m., Sept . 9 through Dec. 16, 1980, by t h e Div is ion of Continuing S tud i e s , Framingham S t a t e College, Framingham, EN 01710. Contact Dana N. J o s t .

Sami M. Saad w i l l o f f e r two courses a t Univers i ty of Wisconsin Center , 400 Un ive r s i t y Drive, Bend, W I 53095, i n F a l l 1980: FUNGI AND MAN (2 c r e d i t s ) , and MUSHROOM IDENTIFICATION ( 1 c r e d i t ) .

The courses and l e c t u r e s t o be he ld a t t h e Rocky Mountain Mushroom Conference ( s ee "SYMPOSIA, MEETINGS, FORAYS" s e c t i o n above) i nc lude BASIC MUSHROOM IDENTIFICATION, MICRO- SCOPY (bas i c and advanced), TOXICOLOGY, PHOTOGRAPHY, TUTORIAL MUSHROOM IDENTIFICATION, and s e v e r a l t o p i c a l l e c t u r e s .

FIELD MYCOLOGY w i l l be taught a t t h e Department of Botany, Southern I l l i n o i s Un ive r s i t y , Carbondale, IL 62901, F a l l 1980 semester . Contact W. J. Sundberg.

PI. 0. Garraway p l ans t o p r e sen t PHYSIOLOGY OF FUNGI a t Ohio S t a t e Un ive r s i t y , 1735 N e i l Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, dur ing t h e Winter Quarter (Jan. 2-March 14) , 1981.

Bryce Kendrick cont inues t o o f f e r a correspondence course f o r c r e d i t on F U N G I , ALGAE & BRYOPHYTES, through t h e Correspondence School, Univers i ty of Waterloo, Ontar io , Canada, N2L 3G1.

Dennis Dixon w i l l t each a course i n GENERAL MYCOLOGY a t Loyola College i n Bal t imore, PfD, i n t h e F a l l term beginning Sept. 4 , 1980. S tudents w i l l make c o l l e c t i o n s of micro- and macrofungi. Where f e a s i b l e , medical ly important f ung i w i l l be used t o i l l u s t r a t e gene ra l concepts i n mycology.

G. L. Grimes w i l l p r e sen t h i s WILD YLJSHROOM IDENTIFICATION COURSE a t : --Lander, WY, May 16-18, 1980; sponsored by t h e Fremont County Library . --Buena V i s t a , CO, l a s t week i n June; sponsored by Colorado Mountain College. --Univ. of Denver, Denver, C O Y June 25-Aug. 6, 1980: 7 weekly s e s s i o n s , Wednesdays 7-9 p.m. --Snowmass, CO, a t t h e Rocky Ilountain Elushroom Conference ( see above). The course ha s

r e c e n t l y been he ld a t t h e Denver Botanic Gardens and a t P ikes Peak ?lycological Soc i e ty , Colorado Springs.

6 FUNGI FOR D I S T R I B U T I O N

ASCOMYCETES

S. Zachariah offers soil fungi of Malabar: Rhopalostroma indica (dried specimen) and Aspergillus brunneo-uniseriatus var. nanus (semi-permanent slides or cultures). Please send $2 per culture, $1 per slide to cover postage.

B. D. Nelson Jr., Dept. Plant Pathology, NDSU, Fargo, ND 58102, will distribute a few large sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to mycologists for use as teaching material.

H. Gutz offers strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe with genetic markers.

BASIDIOMYCETES

V. Demoulin will provide cultures and specimens of Gasteromycetes, and Hebelomina E- landica (= H. microspora).

Rytas Vilgalys is willing to trade/supply material collected from Virginia this summer.

L. Burpee offers cultures of Thanatephorus cucumeris, Ceratobasidium cornigerum, Cerato- basidium ramicola.

FUNGI IMPERFECT1

L. Burpee: cultures of Rhizoctonia cerealis.

S. Zachariah: Aspergillus brunneo-uniseriatus var. nanus; $2 per culture, $1 per slide.

MYXOMYCETES

S. S. Dhillon has dry mounted specimens of Myxomycetes from the Northwest Himalayas, India.

MISCELLANEOUS

D. J. Lodge has available fleshy fungi (mostly Basidiomycetes) from Costa Rica; needs identifications.

FUNGI WANTED

ASCOMYCETES

H. Gutz: Isolates of Schizosaccharomyces pombe from all parts of the world for our studies of the mating types of this yeast.

B. D. Nelson, Jr., Dept. Plant Pathology, NDSU, Fargo, ND 58102: Field collections of sclerotia of Sclerotinia spp.

F. DiCosmo: Any Phacidiaceae/anamorphs or teleomorphs, especially Ceuthospora and relatives.

L. M. Kohn: Specimens or cultures of Myriosclerotinia, especially M. borealis (E Sclero- tinia borealis).

C. W. Hesseltine: Samples of the product ragi and Chinese yeast for fermented food studies.

A. Bell: Always willing to receive collections of Cheilymenia spp.

R. P. Korf: Any and all Discomycetes collected in Azores, Madeira, or Canary Islands.

7

J. H. Haines : Hyaloscyphaceae (specimens) .

A. Y . Rossman: Non-fumigated, a i r - d r i e d specimens of N e c t r i a and o t h e r Hypocrealean f u n g i t h a t c a n b e c u l t u r e d . W i l l i d e n t i f y i n exchange.

J. H. McBeath: C u l t u r e s of S c l e r o t i n i a b o r e a l i s .

H. D. Benne t t : C u l t u r e s of Phy toph thora h i v e a Thompson ( n e c e s s a r y i n f i n i s h i n g h i s work).

T. C . Har r ing ton : C u l t u r e s of C e r a t o c y s t i s spp. and a s s o c i a t e d anamorphs.

D. Glawe: C o l l e c t i o n s of D i a t r y p e spp.

E. A. F g l i x : C u l t u r e s o f y e a s t s from h y p e r s a l i n e environments ( s a l i n i t y exceed ing 40 %).

S. Anagnostakis : C u l t u r e s o r specimens of s p e c i e s of Endothia o t h e r than E. p a r a s i t i c a .

J. D. Paden: P l e c t a n i a , Urnula , o t h e r Sarcosomataceae, r e c e n t l y c o l l e c t e d specimens s u i t a b l e f o r o b t a i n i n g c u l t u r e s .

S. T. Carey: C u l t u r e s from Pyrenomycetes, s i n g l e ascospore o r mass a s c o s p o r e (voucher specimens shou ld be a v a i l a b l e ) .

BASIDIOMYCETES

R. V i l g a l y s : Spore p r i n t s a n d / o r c o l l e c t i o n s of C o l l y b i a d r y o p h i l a , C. f a m i l i a , C . c o n f l u e n s , and o t h e r C o l l y b i a spp. -

V. Demoulin: Specimens of Gasteromycetes , e s p e c i a l l y Lycoperdon.

W. J . Sundberg: L e p i o t a sensu l a t o .

K. N a t a r a j a n : Specimens of P l e u r o t u s c y s t i d i o s u s .

J. H. McBeath: C u l t u r e s of Low Temperature Basidiomycetes (LTB).

E. Badham: C u l t u r e s of L e n t i n u s edodes.

L. F. Grand: S u i l l u s spp ( c u l t u r e s o r specimens) w i t h n o t e s on h i g h e r p l a n t a s s o c i a t i o n s .

P. P. Vergeer : Dried specimens o f L e p i o t a h e l v e o l a w i t h s t a n d a r d he rbar ium i n f o r m a t i o n .

K. Wells: Ai r -d r ied , v i a b l e c o l l e c t i o n s of Tremel la m e s e n t e r i c a , T. f u c i f o r m i s , E x i d i a g l a n d u l o s a , and a l l spp. of E x i d i o p s i s , Bourdo t ia , and - Basidiodendron.

J. Ammirati: Specimens of C o r t i n a r i u s and T u b a r i a w i t h n o t e s on mic roscop ic c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , h a b i t a t , e t c . Kodachromes a lways welcomed.

K. A. West: Midwestern c o l l e c t i o n s ( d r i e d specimens, w i t h n o t e s i f p o s s i b l e ) of wood-decaying Basidiomycetes from J u n i p e r u s (J. v i r g i n i a n a ) .

T. Baroni : Rhodocybe and C l i t o p i l u s w i t h n o t e s on f r e s h c o n d i t i o n ; A l n i c o l a and Naucoria w i t h n o t e s . C u l t u r e s and voucher specimens of Rhodocybe mundula, C l i t o p i l u s novebora- c e n s i s and Rhodocybe p o p i n a l i s .

B. S. Luther : L i n d t n e r i a o r L i n d t n e r i a - l i k e f u n g i from anywhere--specimens a n d / o r c u l t u r e s .

Tom C o r i , Sigma Chemical Co., S t . Louis : Arnanita from which t o e x t r a c t b iochemica l s . Contac t him d i r e c t l y to.11-free, 1-800-325-3010.

D. C. Prusso: urgently requires Tulostoma specimens from U.S. with collection data, either as loan material or as donations for study. Would appreciate hearing from institutions with collections of specimens accessible by visit or loan.

D. T. Jenkins: Cultures, notes, and voucher specimens of members of genus Amanita.

E. A. FBlix: Cultures of Deuteromycetes from hypersaline environments (salinity exceeding 40 %).

J. H. McBeath: Cultures of Drechslera graminea, 2. sativum, Rhynchosporium secalis, Septoria avanae f. sp. triticea.

I. Weitzman: Clinical isolates of Aspergillus flavus, A. oryzae and 4. parasiticus.

L. Burpee: Rhizoctonia spp. from gramineous hosts.

M. Vincent: Helicosporous Fungi Imperfecti.

D. Gaunt: Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum spp.

M. D. Thomas: Rhynchosporium oryzae (cultures).

LOWER FUNGI

K. K. Baker: Cultures of Rhopalomyces.

I. Weitzman: Clinical isolates identified as Rhizopus arrhizus or R. oryzae.

D. J. Kitz: Isolates of Radiomyces spectabilis and P,. embreei (Mucorales).

MYXOMYCETES

K. L. Braun,, Jr.: Specimens of Myxomycetes collected in Mexico; tree bark samples from Mexico for studies of corticolous Myxomycetes.

H. W. Keller: Specimens of Licea, Clastoderma, and Perichaena.

J. Clark: Cultures or specimens of Didymium spp.

T. W. Gaither: Recent collections of Didpium and/or Lycogala spp.

MISCELLANEOUS

C. W. Hesseltine: Samples of the product ragi and Chinese yeast for fermented food studies.

J. Trappe: Specimens of hypogeous fungi.

F. L. Binder: Any biotrophic haustorial mycoparasite--either on a host or in axenic culture.

Vincent: Carotenoid mutants of fungi.

Pith p i l e s peter ing o u t ?

see page 21

IDENTIFICATIONS

The following individuals are willing to identify specimens as listed below.

ASCOMYCETES

F. Dicosmo: Any Phacidiaceae.

A. Bell: Lophiostomataceae.

R. P. Korf : "Glassy-haired" Hyaloscyphaceae.

J. H. Haines: Dasyscyphus and related genera.

J. W. Paden: Plectania, Pseudoplectania, Sarcosoma, Urnula, and other Sarcosomataceae.

G. F. Orr: Gymnoascaceae by arrangement.

BASIDIOMYCETES

R. Agerer: Flagelloscypha and Lachnella.

W. J. Sundberg: Lepiota sensu lato (specimens with morphological notes preferred).

V. Demoulin: Lycoperdales and Sclerodermatales.

B. S. Luther: Lindtneria and similar fungi.

D. L. Largent: Leptonia

T. Baroni: Rhodocybe and Clitopilus.

D. T. Jenkins: Amanita.

FUNGI IMPERFECT1

D. Gaunt: Dermatophytes - Trichophyton and Eforosporum spp. J. R. Newhouse: Clyindrocladium spp.

F. DiCosmo: Coelomycetes with appended conidia.

PTYXOMYCETES

H. W. Keller: Corticolous Myxomycetes.

MISCELLANEOUS

R. A. Humber: Entomopathogenic fungi and Entomophthorales.

J. M. Trappe: All genera of hypogeous fungi.

>

. . (Clyde E. Keeler)

10 P U B L I C A T I O N S WANTED

S. A. Warner is seeking a copy of AQUATIC PHYCOMYCETES by Sparrow (1960).

W. C. E l s i k would l i k e t o r ece ive p u b l i c a t i o n s i n which funga l spores a r e descr ibed .

Anything d e a l i n g w i th Aur icu la r iaceae , Tremellaceae, and Dacrymycetaceae would be welcomed by B. Wulff.

M. McGinnis needs t h e fol lowing: G. Da l ldo r f , ed . (1962), FUNGI AND FUNGUS DISEASES; Char les C. Thomas and P . Vuil lemin (1931), LES CHAMPIGNONS PARASITES ET LES MYCOSES DE L'HOMME, Encyclopgdie Mycologique, P a r i s .

K. D. Whitney would l i k e t o l o c a t e a copy of T. H. MacBride (1899), NORTH AMERICAN SLIME MOULDS, 1st ed.

Anyone have an e x t r a copy of t h e MYCOLOGY GUIDEBOOK? David P. West, Jacques Seed Co., P r e s c o t t , W I 54021 is looking f o r one.

The Farlow Herbarium needs PHYTOPATHOLOGY 66 (1-11) 1976 and 67 (1-3) 1977.

J . H. B. Garner would l i k e t o r e c e i v e r e p r i n t s of any paper dea l i ng wi th t h e s p e c i f i c e f f e c t s of environmental p o l l u t a n t s on fung i o r f unga l u t i l i z a t i o n of t h e p o l l u t a n t s .

S. Zachariah would l i k e any mycological pub l i ca t i ons a v a i l a b l e f o r d i s t r i b u t i o n .

C . W. Hes se l t i ne r e q u e s t s papers and r e p o r t s on fermented t r a d i t i o n a l foods.

Papers r e l a t i n g t o any a s p e c t s of mycoparasitism would be welcomed by F. L. Binder.

M. Vincent would l i k e anyth ing on t h e taxonomy of imper fec ts , e s p e c i a l l y Helicosporae.

L. Burpee is looking f o r a copy of J . R. Parmeter , J r . (1970), RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI, BIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY, Univ. of C a l i f o r n i a P r e s s , Berkeley.

W. J. Sundberg would l i k e pre-1965 r e p r i n t s , e t c . on Agarics and o t h e r f l e s h y fungi .

R. A. Humber would l i k e a copy of t h e fol lowing books: T. Petch (1921), STUDIES I N ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI. 11. THE GEWERA HYFOCRELLA AND ASCHERSONIA, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 7: 167-278; M. C. Cooke (1892), VEGETABLE WASPS AND PLANT WORMS, Soc. Promotion C h r i s t i a n Knowledge, London.

Two i tems a r e l i s t e d by A. D. Parker: Any volumes of MYCOLOGIA p r i o r t o 1964, and Smith (1951), PUFFBALLS AND THEIR ALLIES I N MICHIGAN.

Any r e p r i n t s on t h e Gasteromycetes a r e reques ted by W. R. Burk.

B. S. Luther needs a copy of M. P. Ch r i s t i ansen (1960), DANISH RESUPINATE FUNGI. 11. HO!lOBASIDIOMYCETES, Dansk Bot. Ark. 19:57-388. W i l l buy o r t r a d e ( see o f f e r i n g i n prev ious s e c t i o n ) .

D. J . Lodge would l i k e a copy of Ridgway's COLOR GUIDE.

M. D. Thomas r e q u e s t s any numbers of PRCOLOGIA and PHYTOPATHOLOGY p r i o r t o 1975.

See ins ide covers for Sustaining Members.

11 PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE, GIVE-AWAY, O R E X C H A N G E

P. ~ i z o ; w i l l exchange Dermek and L izo6 , SMALL BOOK OF FUNGI (1980) ; P i l g t and Dermek, THE BOLETACEAE. Both have c o l o r i l l u s t r a t i o n s by Dermek.

P. L. Conant r e p o r t s t h a t t h e T r i a r c h C a t a l o g of p r e p a r e d microscope s l i d e s (no. 1 9 ) is a v a i l a b l e f o r d i s t r i b u t i o n f r e e of cha rge .

A. D. P a r k e r o f f e r s t h e f o l l o w i n g f o r s a l e : Alexopoulos , INTRODUCTORY MYCOLOGY 2 e d . , $8.00; F i n k , LICHEN FLORA OF THE U.S. $11.00.

The he rba r ium of t h e U n i v e r s i t y of Nor th C a r o l i n a , Chapel H i l l , h a s a number of back volumes and i s s u e s of t h e JOURNAL OF THE ELISHA PIITCHELL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY. Many i m p o r t a n t myco log ica l a r t i c l e s a r e found i n t h i s j o u r n a l . Wr i t e : Herbarium, Coker H a l l 010-A, U.N.C. -Chapel H i l l , Chapel H i l l , NC 27514 f o r a l i s t of t h e volumes and i s s u e s f o r s a l e .

N . A. Weber h a s f o r s a l e : A. M o e l l e r , DIE PILZGAERTEN EINIGER SUDAMERIKANISCHER AMERISEN, Jena 1893, and fungus r e p r i n t c o l l e c t i o n .

MYCOLOGIA 40-72 (1948-Present) unbound and APER. J. BOT. 35-67 (1948-present) unbound a r e f o r s a l e by A. W. P o i t r a s .

For t h e b e s t o f f e r : Complete, bound volumes of MYCOLOGIA 1964-1979 and PHYTOPATHOLOGY 1953 and 1955-1979. O f f e r e d by N. C o l o t e l o .

A number of c o p i e s of W. W. D i e h l ' s BALANSIA AND THE BALANSIAE I N AMERICA (USDA mono- g r a p h no. 4 ) a r e a v a i l a b l e ; c o n t a c t P. Len tz .

F. T. Wolf o f f e r s AMER. J. BOT. 1-06 (1-42 bound). Make a n o f f e r .

I f you a s k , you w i l l r e c e i v e , f r e e , PHYSIOLOGY OF ARMILLARIAMELLEAand PHYSIOLOGY OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM IIAYDIS from 11. 0 . Garraway.

John L. Maas, F r u i t Lab., B-004, Rm. 16 , BARC-W, USDA, B e l t s v i l l e , FID 20705 l ists t h e f o l l o w i n g f o r s a l e :

MYCOLOGIA: V. 54 (1962) - V. 69 (1977) i n c l u s i v e , $6.00 p e r Vol. V. 70, No. 2 ,4 ,5 ,6 ; V. 71, No. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ; V. 39 (1947) , No. 3 ,4 ,6 -- $1.00 p e r number. P o s t a g e e x t r a .

MYCOTAXON: V . 1 (1974) & V. 2 -- $5.00 p e r Vol. V. 3 - V. 9 -- $10.00 p e r Vol. V. 1 0 (1979) No. 1 o n l y , $5.00. P o s t a g e e x t r a .

P. P. Vergeer o f f e r s t h e f o l l o w i n g : BULL. TRIMEST. SOC. MYCOL. FR. V. 92 (1976) $20; BOL. SOC. MEX. M I C . 11 and 1 3 (1979) , $8 each ; MUSHROOM POISONING: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT, Rumack and Salzman (eds . ) $48; PILZE, v o l . 1 and 2, J. S c h l i t t l e r and F. Waldvogel ( S i l v a -Ver lag, Z u r i c h ) , $40.

COP.IMON SLIME MOLDS (MYXOMYCETES) by K. L. Braun is a v a i l a b l e from: Donars P r o d u c t i o n s , P.O. Box 24, Loveland, CO 80537. Cost $15. T h i s i s a t e a c h e r ' s g u i d e t o t h e s t u d y of p lasmodia1 s l i m e molds, p a r t i c u l a r l y a t t h e h i g h s c h o o l l e v e l . Inc luded a r e 20 t r a n s p a r - e n c i e s .

ICONES GENERUM COELOMYCETUM X I is i n p r e s s and o r d e r s a r e b e i n g a c c e p t e d . For i n f o r m a t i o n and c o s t w r i t e t o A d m i n i s t r a t i v e S e c r e t a r y , Dept. of Biology, U n i v e r s i t y of Wate r loo , Water loo, O n t a r i o , Canada, NZL 3G1.

R. P. Korf h a s t h e f o l l o w i n g books f o r s a l e : F. L. S tevens , PLANT DISEASE FUNGI (1925) ; McI lva ine and Macadam, ONE THOUSAND AMERICAN FUNGI o over r e p r i n t ) ; Coker and Beers , THE BOLETI OF NORTH CAROLINA (Dover r e p r i n t ) .

I L V. Demoulin o f f e r s :

Z . PILZR. 9 (N.F.), f a s c . 8 t o 12 (1930); T U S . B R I T . mCOL. SOC. 29 (1946). C . Mez, VERSUCH EINER STAMMESGESCHICHTE DES PILZREICHES, 58 p . , 1929. C . Van Bambeke, LE MYCELIUM DE LEPIOTA MELEAGRIS (SOW.) SACC., 57 p . , V I I co l . p l .

P r e f e r exchange, otherwise $5 each.

C . B. Wolfe w i l l exchange f o r be s t o f f e r of taxonomic works on t he Basidiomycetes: MYCOLOGIA 68 (1-6) and 69 (1-5).

G. Guzmsn has t h e fo l lowing books f o r s a l e :

1. J . MYCOL. 12(82) , 1906. ($10). 2. Manzi, J . , 1976. HONGOS. Guadalajara . ($ lo) .> 3. Ul loa , M. & R. Hanlin, 1978. ATLAS DE MICOLOGIA B ~ S I C A . Mgxico, D . F. ($10). 4. Guzmsn, G . , 1979. IDENTIFICACION DE LOS HONGOS (KEY FOR IDENTIFICATIONS) (with

200 p l a t e s ) ($10). 5 . GuzmAn, G . , 1978. HONGOS (186 c o l o r p l a t e s of Mexican fung i ) ($10) . 6. Guzmsn, G . , 1970. SCLERODERMA (a monograph publ. i n Darwinians) ($10). 7. Seguy, E . , 1936. CODE UNIVERSAL DES COULEURS. Lecheva l ie r . P a r i s ($35). 8. Mart inez, M. & E. Matuda, 1979. FLORA DEL ESTADO DE MBXICO. Toluca, 3 Vols. ($10).

A. Weintraub o f f e r s f o r s a l e (postage e x t r a ) :

Rivers , RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS OF MAN (Lippincot t , 1948), $25. Dubos, BACTERIAL AND MYCOTIC INFECTIONS OF MAN (Lippincot t , 1948), $25. Harvey, BIOLUMINESCENCE (Academic, 1952), $20. Harvey, BIOLUdINESCENCE (Ann. N . Y . Acad. Sc i . , 1948), $3.50. Back i s s u e s of MEDICAL NEWS-MAGAZINE, $2.50 each. Two books: STREPTOMYCIN, Waksman; STREPTOMYCIN, L i t i u r e , 1954, 1952, bo th f o r $25. VIRUSES: THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS I N CANCER from Ann. New York Acad. Sc i , 54 ( J U ~ Y 10 ,

1952), $3.50. BACTERIAL CHEMISTE3 AND PHYSIOLOGY, John Roger P o r t e r (John Wiley & Sons, I nc . ,

Nov. 1950), $35. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FUNGI, L i l l y & Barne t t (McGraw H i l l , F i r s t Ed i t i on : 1951), $35.

Note: P l ea se , postage f o r a l l pub l i ca t i ons i s e x t r a .

B. S. Luther has a number of second copies of o ld mycological books, some of which he w i l l t r a d e f o r DANISH RESUPINATE FUNGI I & 11, by M. P. Chr i s t iansen .

J . W. Gerdemann has f o r s a l e : PHYTOPATHOLOGY 36-70; MYCOLOGIA 45-72; TRANS. BRIT. MYCOL. SOC. 45-74; THE GASTEROIYCETES OF EASTERN U.S. AND CANADA, by W. C. Coker & J . N . Couch; THE SAPROLEGNIACEAE by W . C. Coker; J . MYCOL. 1-4.

Q. D. Wheeler, SLIME MOLD BEETLES OF THE GENUS ANISOTOMh (LEIODIDAE): CLASSIFICATION AND EVOLUTION, i n SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY 4:251-309. FREE from D r . Wheeler (before Sept . 1980, Ohio S t a t e Univ.; a f t e r , Dept. of Entomology, Corne l l Univ., I t h a c a , NY 14853).

C. T. Rogerson, New York Botan ica l Garden, r e p o r t s t h a t MYCOLOGIA MEMOIRS Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 a r e s t i l l a v a i l a b l e t o members a t reduced p r i ce s : No. 1, $5; No. 2, $2.50; No. 3 , $3; No. 4 , $5. See back cover of c u r r e n t MYCOLOGIA f o r i n s t r u c t i o n s on order ing .

D a r r e l l Cox has t h e fo l lowing books f o r s a l e ( p r i c e s i nc lude postage and insurance) :

Clements & Shear: THE GENERA OF FUNGI - Hafner r e p r i n t . $15. Couch: THE GENUS SEPTOBASIDIUM - Univ. of North Caro l ina P re s s (New). $12. Fink: THE LICHEN FLORA OF THE UNITED STATES - Univ. of Michigan P re s s (New). $13.50. Johansen: PLANT MICKOTECHNIQUE - McGraw-Hill. $15. Overhol ts : THE POLYPORACEAE OF THE U.S., ALASKA, AND CANADA - Univ. of Michigan

P re s s (New). $13.50. Wolf & Wolf: THE E'LJNGI - VOL. 2 - Hafner r e p r i n t . $15.50.

NEW BOOKS B Y MSA MEMBERS

The fo l lowing announcements were rece ived i n response t o t h e Newslet ter ques t ionnai re .

V. Marteka: MUSHROOMS: WILD AND EDIBLE w i l l be published June 23 by W. W. Norton and Co. An a r t i c l e based on t h i s book appeared i n t h e May i s s u e of Smithsonian magazine. It i s a l s o a Narue Book Club s e l e c t i o n .

J. W. Carmichael, W. B. Kendrick, I. L. Conners and L. S i g l e r , GENERA OF HYPHOMYCETES. Univ. of Alber ta Press . 1980. Approx. $18.

G. T . Cole, W. B. Kendrick, eds. : BIOLOGY OF CONIDIAL FUNGI (Academic P re s s , N.Y.), i s scheduled t o appear i n e a r l y 1981.

R. Pomerleau: FLORE DES CHAMPIGNONS AU QUEBEC. 750 p. , 131 l i n e drawing p l a t e s , 48 co lored p l a t e s . 1400 spp. , keys, i n 11 chapters . $65 Can.

H. C. Bold, C . J . Alexopoulos, T. Delevoryas: MORPHOLOGY OF PLANTS AND FUNGI (4 th ed. of H. C. Bold, Morphology of P l a n t s ) . Feb. 1980. Harper & Row, New York.

M I S C E L L A N E O U S

Various c u l t u r e media a r e a v a i l a b l e FREE t o members of MSA i n l imi t ed q u a n t i t i e s f o r use i n experimental mycological research . These a r e a l l new and d i f f e r e n t nu t r ien t lenr ichment media i n s t e r i l e 1-oz .bot t les (Liquid) . Contact A. WEINTRAUB, who asks t h a t postage be pa id . He a l s o o f f e r s f o r s a l e pure U.S.P. No. 1 grade powdered agar packed i n p l a s t i c bags, f o r $8.50 per pound. S t e r i l e aga r i n 4 oz. g l a s s j a r s ready f o r pouring i s o f f e r ed a t $1.50 per j a r (min. o rde r , 1 doz . ) . Shipping and postage e x t r a . M r . Weintraub a l s o has an English "York" i n c l i n e d mono microscope f o r s a l e f o r $250; w r i t e f o r d e t a i l s . He wishes t o buy spa re microscope l enses , o ld microscopes f o r p a r t s , and microscopes i n need of r e p a i r .

4. D. WHEELER would app rec i a t e see ing b e e t l e s a s soc i a t ed wi th fungi and s l ime molds (plasmodia and sporophores) from a l l geographic a r ea s . They're b e s t preserved i n 70% e t h y l a l coho l . P l ea se inc lude fol lowing da t a : l o c a l i t y , d a t e , h o s t , c o l l e c t o r , any o the r p e r t i n e n t information. Address a f t e r Sept. 1980: Dept. of Entomology, Corne l l Univ., I t h a c a , NY 14853.

M. TANSEY and D. NIEDERPRUEM r e p o r t t h a t an encouraging number of con t r ibu t ed i tems have been rece ived f o r t h e second i s s u e of Mycological Teaching Humor. P l ea se cont inue t o send them puns, jokes , car toons , d e s c r i p t i o n s of w i t t y teaching techniques, and o the r i tems which he lp s t u d e n t s remember t e c h n i c a l terms and names, l e a r n concepts , t h ink about t he r e l a t i o n s h i p s of fung i t o one another and t o human a f f a i r s , e t c . D i s t r i b u t i o n is planned t o co inc ide wi th t h e Third I n t e r n a t i o n a l Mycological Congress.

V A C A N C I E S FOR MYCOLOGISTS

Our only response t o t h i s quest ion: "I wish t h e r e were!" A. Be l l .

Perplexed by pithy problems?

see page 21

University of Texas, Dept. of Microbiology: Research Assistantship available in June or September 1980 for a graduate student to study Siderophore (hydroxamate ~e3' chelator) production by mycorrhizal fungi, and their importance in iron availability in terrestrial ecosystems. Contact Paul. J. Szaniszlo.

Colorado State Univ., Dept. of Forest and Wood Science, Fort Collins, CO 80523: Research Assistantship for a graduate student interested in studying the same subject. Contact C. P. P. Reid.

Purdue University, Dept. of Biological Sciences: Postdoctorate open immediately for research on BIOSYNTHESIS AND SECRETION OF PAPILLA GLYCOPROTEIN during papilla formation in Blastocladiella. Training in fungal physiology or bacterial biochemistry necessary. Contact James S. Lovett.

University of Florida, Dept. of Microbiology and Cell Science, 1059 McCarty Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611: Teaching and Research Assistantships available. Contact Graduate Co-ordinator of the Department.

Ohio University, Dept. of Botany: Assistantships in AQUATIC MYCOLOGY research. Contact C. E. Miller.

W I and SU, Dept. of Biology: Graduate Research Assistant to work on physiological ecology of ARCTIC ECTOMYCORRHIZAE. Prefer Ph.D. candidate. Contact A. E. Linkins.

University of Wyoming, Dept. of Botany, Laramie, \Y 82071: Research Assistant (MYCOLOGY/ECO- LOGY) to work on effect of V-A mycorrhizae on physiology of the host plant. M.S. or Ph.D. candidate required. Available immediately for 1 year; possible funding for 2 additional years. Contact Dr. William K. Smith, Dept. of Botany.

Texas Tech University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Lubbock, TX 79409: Teaching Assistant- ships for M.S. and Ph.D. Students. Write: A. PI. Elliot at the Dept.

Wright State Univ., Dept. of Biological Sciences, Dayton, OH 45435:

--Assistantship on application to Masters Program in BIOLOGY --Fellowships in BIO-MEDICAL Ph.D. Program Contact the Department.

--Part-time (or possibly full-time) Technician familiar with ELECTRON MICROSCOPY including use of ultramicrotome. Contact J. Arnon.

Forestry Sciences Lab., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331: Postdoctoral Fellowship on BIOLOGY OF DESERT TRUFFLES. Potential 3-year project. Contact J. M. Trappe.

Humboldt State University, Dept. of Biology: Research Assistantships involving FUNGAL ECOLOGY. Contact D. L. Largent.

Southern Illinois Univ., Dept. of Botany: Teaching Assistantship for M.A. or Ph.D. aspirant. Contact W. J. Sundberg.

State Univ. of New York, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14260: Departmental Assistantships. Contact Dr. Charles Jeffrey.

New York Botanical Garden: The GERTRUDE S. BURLINGHAM FELLOWSHIP IN MYCOLOGY for advanced predoctoral study at the NYBG will be available during 1980 and 1981. Stipend is about $125 per week. Work can begin anytime and can continue for up to 3 months. Graduate students who need to use the herbarium, laboratory, and library of the Garden are urged to apply. Nominations or applications should be sent to C. T. Rogerson; two letters of support should accompany an application.

15

Univ. of Arkansas, Dept. of Plant Pathology, PS 217, Payetteville, AR 72701: Research Associate (Postdoctoral) for studies of FUNGAL PATHOGENS, with opportunity to develop and teach graduate courses in mycology. 12-month appointment, expected duration at least 3 years. Applicants should forward biographical sketch, transcripts, and have 3 letters of reference sent, to Dr. D. A. Slack, Head of the Department.

P O S I T I O N S WANTED

V. W. OGUNDERO, B.Sc., Ph.D. (1978) from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, seeks teaching/postdoctoral research position in the U.S. Field of interest: physiology/biochemistry of thermophilic fungi. Teaching competence: mycology, fungal physiology, lower plants.

SUKHWANT S. DHILLON, M.S., Ph.D. is looking for research position in mycology and plant pathology. Ph.D. work on taxonomic and cultural studies of Myxomycetes. Five years experience in pharmaceutical microbiology lab involving bioassay, cultural and sterility work. Willing to change to other biological sciences research programs; would prefer research associateship in univ. lab, herbarium or private research lab.

JOHN L. WATSON wishes university or college teaching in biology, botany, mycology, vascular or nonvascular plants. Ph.D. 1971, Kansas State Univ., major professor Dr. Kramer, physiological and taxonomic studies on Taphrina.

ELSA SCOTT TAYLOR desires a faculty position in Fall 1983. Her Ph.D. workwith Dr. Clifford S. Crawford, is on invertebrate gut flora (commensal and mutualistic).

K. A. WEST wishes research or applied forest pathology position. M.A. 1975, Botany, So. Illinois Univ.-Carbondale (W. J. Sundberg), on wood-decaying Basidiomycetes. Available in relatively short period if hired.

PRITAM SINGH ?l.Sc., Ph.D. seeks research, teaching and/or extension position. Interests include forest disease survey, taxonomy and extension work in forest and urban tree pathology; research on the epidemiology, impact and control of Armillaria root rot, broom rusts, dwarf mistletoe and tree cone and seed fungi. Several publications. Contact at 53 Logy Bay Road, St. John's, Nfld., Canada A1A 155.

S. ZACHARIAH is finishing Ph.D. work on soil fungi in June 1980. He would like to do research on taxonomy and cultural techniques of fungi.

R. KURTZMAN seeks a teaching-research position in mycological physiology. Available as soon as all arrangements can be completed. Ph.D. with 20 years experience, 40 publications. Primary research interest: physiology of Agaricales and other higher fungi.

M. D. THOMAS wishes research-teaching position. Ph.D. 1977, UCB, under Dr. 0. C. Huisman. Interested in ecology of soilborne plant pathogenic fungi.

Remember the 50th Anniversary of MSA -1981.

16 TRAVELS, V I S I T S

MIKE COFFEY of T r i n i t y Col lege , I r e l a n d w i l l spend 9 months, beg inn ing Aug. 1, 1980, i n t h e l a b o r a t o r y of Hans R. Hohl, I n s t i t u t e of P l a n t Biology, U n i v e r s i t y of Ziirich. While t h e r e he w i l l do e l e c t r o n microscopy and g e n e t i c s of Phytophthora .

L. J. LITTLEFIELD s p e n t 3-112 weeks i n March a s Guest L e c t u r e r , Univ. of Alexandr ia , Egypt, where he l e c t u r e d on t h e u l t r a s t r u c t u r e of f u n g i , e s p e c i a l l y t h e r u s t s .

B. C. SUTTON of C M I , Kew, England w i l l v i s i t t h e l a b o r a t o r y of Garry T. Cole a t Univ. of Texas, A u s t i n , J u l y 1-Aug. 31, 1980. He w i l l work on developmental and u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l a s p e c t s of coelomycetous f u n g i .

BARBARA DYKO v i s i t e d D. T. Wicklow i n March a t t h e Northern Laboratory t o d i s c u s s problems a s s o c i a t e d w i t h ecology and i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of mycotoxigenic A s p e r g i l l i and P e n i c i l l i a .

A. H. SMITH and 0 . K. MILLER v i s i t e d t h e Herbarium a t San Franc i sco S t a t e Univ. d u r i n g t h e s p r i n g .

DON REYNOLDS ( N a t u r a l H i s t o r y Museum, Los Angeles Co.) and PAUL DUNN ( P a c i f i c Southwest F o r e s t and Range Experiment S t a t i o n , US F o r e s t S e r v i c e ) w i l l be going on a P r o j e c t o F l o r a c o l l e c t i n g e x p e d i t i o n t o t h e Rio Trombetas a r e a of t h e N o r t h e a s t e r n Amazon Basin, June-August 1980. Leaf s u r f a c e f u n g i and s o i l mic rofungi a r e t h e p r i n c i p a l a ims of t h e c o l l e c t i n g .

RALPH H. ESTEY i s v i s i t i n g most of t h e a c t i v e and r e t i r e d p l a n t p a t h o l o g i s t s and mycolog is t s i n Canada, d u r i n g a l e a v e t o g a t h e r in format ion f o r a h i s t o r y of p l a n t pathology i n Canada.

DENNIS GAUNT a t t e n d e d t h e Advances i n Medical Mycology 1980 Symposium a t Emory Univ. i n A t l a n t a , GA, A p r i l 9-11.

V i s i t o r s t o M. 0 . Garroway, Ohio S t a t e Univ., l a s t J u l y , inc luded DR. R. C . EVANS, Fungal P h y s i o l o g i s t , Rutgers Univ., and DR. C . P. VANCE, Assoc. P r o f e s s o r (USDA), Dept. of Agronomy and P l a n t Gene t ics , Univ. of Ninnesota , S t . P a u l .

FRANK DICOSMO w i l l v i s i t C M I , Kew, i n June 1980.

LINDA M. KOHN, Clemson Univ., s p e n t May 15-June 1 5 i n t h e C o r n e l l Univ. P l a n t Pathology Herbarium b e f o r e going t o Scandinavia t o c o l l e c t Moni l in ia ( S c l e r o t i n i a c e a e ) w i t h Trond Schumacher and o t h e r s .

V. DEMOULIN w i l l a t t e n d t h e 2nd I n t e r n a t i o n a l Congress of Sys temat ic and Evolu t ionary Biology i n Vancouver, B.C. i n J u l y 1980 and t h e f o r a y of t h e B r i t i s h Mycological S o c i e t y i n Glascow i n Sept . 1980.

C. W. HESSELTINE v i s i t e d Japan, Taiwan, and Indones ia i n November and December. I n Indones ia he a t t e n d e d t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l Symposium on M i c r o b i o l o g i c a l Aspects of Food S torage , P r o c e s s i n g , and Fermenta t ion i n T r o p i c a l Asia .

RICHARD HUMBER and Dick Soper (USDA-SEA-AR) w i l l spend August i n Yugoslavia e x p l o r i n g f o r entomopathogenic f u n g i , on a j o i n t US-Yugoslav p r o j e c t .

During January and February ORSOM K. MILLER, JR., HAROLD W. KELLER, and RICHARD E. CRANG v i s i t e d C. E. M i l l e r ' s l a b o r a t o r y , Ohio Univ., and presen ted seminars .

V i s i t o r s t o David argent's group inc luded HARRY THIERS ( i n w i n t e r ) and ORSON MILLER ( i n May).

See center fold for Directory Supplement.

W. J. SUNDBERG visited David Malloch and the Mycology Laboratory at the Univ. of Toronto in Sept. 1979.

ROGER N. HILTON, Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Western Australia Nedlands, W. A. spent the winter quarter carrying out joint research with Orson K. Miller.

JOHN G. PALMER was Visiting Professor of Botany at Virginia Tech.

C. R. BENJAMIN visited the Canadian Dept. of Agriculture in Ottawa on Play 8. He also spent May 11-23 in Rome, Italy, to back up the US representative to the Program Committee meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

D. H. PFISTER visited the New York Botanical Garden in March and spent two weeks in April at the Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Mus6um National. dlHistoire Naturelle, Paris.

K. P. DUMONT, M. B. BIGELOW, E. G. SIMMONS, and R. E. HALLING were visitors at the Farlow Herbarium. LEIF RYVARDEN of Univ. of Oslo, Norway, spent more than a month at the Far low.

A. BELL visited the Institute of Botany, Uppsala, Sweden in January 1980, making use of the excellent library and meeting fellow mycologists.

CHANGES IN AFFILIATION

PRAMOD K. GAUR will join University of Maryland School of Nedicine, Dermatology Division, Baltimore, MD 21201, on June 1, 1980.

CATHERINE CROGHAN, who recently completed her M.S. in Botany under 0. K. Miller, has taken a job as Forest Pathologist, State and Private Forestry, Forest Service USDA, St. Paul, MN 55108.

CHESTER R. BENJAMIN has been transferred to a new position as Associate Coordinator for International Organization Affairs, Office of International Cooperation and Development, USDA, Washington DC 20250. The change results from the transfer of some international program functions from the Science and Education Administration to the OICD.

BARBARA ARMBRUSTER (completing degree requirements at Duke University) has accepted a postdoctoral position in the Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland.

DEBORAH LANGSAM (also completing degree requirements this summer at Duke) will join the faculty of the University of North Carolina, Charlotte, in August.

JUDITH RHODES has joined the Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD.

WILLIAM L. BIGG is now Assistant Professor in the Forestry Dept. California State University, Humbo ld t .

BERLIN NELSON joined the Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo as of Nov. 1, 1979.

GREG ERDOS has joined the faculty of the Dept. of Plicrobiology and Cell Science at the University of Florida.

K. A. WEST has expanded responsibilities by becoming Regional Biologist for the Natural Heritage Program in Southern Illinois.

ROWENA L. ROBERTS, Dept. of Microbiology at University of Texas, Austin, has joined the laboratory of Dr. Enrico Cabib, NIAMDD, NIH, Bethesda, ME.

D. S. CHAHAL has joined Iotech Corp. Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario as Chief Microbiologist.

18

PAPERS, SYMPOS I A j WORKSHOPS

IAN K. ROSS: Seminar, April 29, to Combined Dermatologic Programs of UCLA Med. School: "Basic cell biology of fungi."

Seminar, May 8, to Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Georgia: "Aging and sporulation in the fungus Coprinus congregatus."

D. S. CHAHAL: Paper, with tl. Moo-Young and D. Vlach: "Bioconversion of corn stover into SCP with Chaetomium cellulolyticum", at a Symposium on Fermentation Products from Cellulosic Materials, American Chemical Society, Sept. 9-14, 1979, Washington, DC.

LINDA M. KOHN: will participate in subsession on "Taxonomic techniques for identification of soilborne pathogens", Discussion Session on "Techniques for studying soilborne fungal diseases" to be held Aug. 25, 1980 at the American Phytopathological Society meetings in Minneapolis.

T. GAITHER: Seminar, GA he impact of fungi on the course of human history," Thiel College, Greenville, PA.

JOSEPH R. NEWHOUSE: Paper, "The utilization of selective agar media in conjunction with 1

baiting and root isolations of Cylindrocladium and Fusarium," Annual Meeting of Potomac Division, American Phytopathological Society, Piorgantob~n, WV, March 19-21, 1980.

HAROLD W. KELLER: Seminar, to Dept. of Botany, Ohio Univ. Athens, "Taxonomic puzzles in the Plyxomycetes. "

Lecture, to 150 Springfield North High School students, on "Taxonomy and its importance in science."

F. L. BINDER: Paper, "Transport of L-lysine by the haustorial mycoparasite Tieghemiomyces parasiticus in axenic culture" to Allegheny Branch, ASM, Johnstown, PA, March 31, 1980.

D. T. WICKLOW: Seminar, "Fungal communities and ecological ideas," presented to: 1) Dept. of Biology, Illinois State Univ. (Nov.); 2) Div. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Michigan (Jan.) ; 3) Western Illinois Univ., Biology Dept. (Apr .)

R. H. ESTEY: Seminar to Dept. of Plant Science, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver: he impact of fungi on human affairs ."

M. 0. GARRAWAY: Seminar, April 2: "Influence of thiamine on sporulation and ethanol . - production in Helminthosporium maydis race T.," Interdepartmental Plant Physiology Seminar Program, sponsored by Graduate School, Ohio State Univ.

C. W. HESSELTINE: Plenary lecture at Symposium on ... Food Storage, Processing, and Fermenta- tion in Tropical Asia: "Microorganisms involved in food fermentations in tropical Asia."

JIM TRAPPE: (as Sigma Xi Regional Lecturer) talks: "Trees, truffles and beasts," to: 1) Oregon State Univ.; 2) Eastern Washington State Univ.; 3) Brigham Young Univ.; 4) Boise State Univ.

Workshop: "Taxonomy of the Endogonaceae," Univ. of Arizona. Workshop and field trip: "Mycorrhizae in the semi-arid regions," Brigham Young

Univ.

W. J. SUNDBERG: Seminar, "Ultrastructure of basidial ontogeny," Univ. of Toronto, Sept., 1979.

0. K. MILLER: Seminars at Clinch Valley College, Wise, VA; Roanoke College, Salem, VA; Ohio Univ., Athens.

Lecture, first of winter series: New York Mycological Club, NYC. Seminar, with J. G. PALMER: "Recent advances in mycorrhizal research."

L. E. LEIGHTLEY, Univ. of Queensland: Seminar, May 12, at SUNY Syracuse: "Activities of soft-rot fungi decay in CCA-treated Eucalyptus power transmission poles in Queensland, Australia. "

C. J. ALEXOPOULOS: Seminar, Jan. 1980, at Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Florida: "The true slime molds. I'

T. J. BARONI: Seminar at Harvard, April 1980: "Systematics in pink-spored agarics--the genus ~hodocybe .'I

Talk, with R. HALLING, at the Third New England Mycological Conference, Univ. of Conn., May 17, 1980: "Phylogenetic relationships between Boletus and Boletellus."

A. BELL: will present a paper on coprophilous fungi inNew Zealand at a meeting of the New Zealand Systematics Association in August.

HONORS, AWARDS, PROMOT I OWS

K. L. BRAUN has received the 1980 Outstanding Biology Teacher Award for Ohio from the National Association of Biology Teachers.

JUDITH C. RHODES is recipient of the Dalldorf Postdoctoral Fellowship in Medical Mycology.

J. H. B. WARNER was awarded the Bronze Medal, highest EPA employee award bestowed outside of Washington, DC, "for his role in the preparation of two important environmental regulatory documents--'Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxidants1 and 'Health Assessment for Cadmium1--and for contributions to the development and defense of related EPA regulatory policies."

JIM D. CLARK has been promoted to Associate Professor, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Kentucky.

GERALD M. BAKER was promoted to Professor of Biology-Microbiology at Lewis-Clark State College, Lewiston, ID.

CHARLES W. MIMS has been selected as Chairman of the Biology Dept. at Stephen F. Austin State Univ., Nacogdoches, TX.

HON H. HO became Full Professor of Biology, State Univ. of New York, New Paltz, NY, on Sept. 1, 1979.

P. A. ORPURT has been appointed Chairman, Biology Dept., Manchester College, North Manchester , IN.

R. A. NOLAN has received a promotion to Full Professor, Dept. of Biology, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, effective 1 Sept. 1980.

Q. D. WHEELER was a Presidential Fellow, The Ohio State Univ. (Jan. 1980); he will become Assistant Professor of Entomology at Cornell Univ. (Sept. 1980).

Puzzled by the paucity o f pith?

see page 22 4 k (Clyde E. Keeler)

PERSONAL NEWS

H. W. KELLER se rved a s a member of a r ev iewing p a n e l f o r p r o p o s a l s submi t t ed t o t h e I n s t r u c t i o n a l S c i e n t i f i c Equipment Program a t t h e N a t i o n a l Sc ience Foundat ion.

G . G U Z I ~ h a s f i n i s h e d w r i t i n g h i s monograph on t h e genus P s i l o c y b e ; 1 4 1 s p e c i e s a r e d e s c r i b e d from throughout t h e wor ld , of which abou t 70 a r e h a l l u c i n o g e n i c . The mono- g raph w i l l b e p u b l i s h e d i n t h e n e a r f u t u r e .

R. P. KORF h a s moved from t h e 3rd f l o o r of C o r n e l l ' s P l a n t Sc ience Bldg. t o new q u a r t e r s on t h e 4 t h f l o o r , t a k i n g w i t h him abou t h a l f of t h e Depar tment ' s l i b r a r y . The move h a s made a v a i l a b l e r e g u l a r q u a r t e r s f o r t h e J e n k i n s P o s t d o c t o r a l Fel lows and a l a r g e r o f f i c e f o r Susan G r u f f , CUP'S A s s i s t a n t C u r a t o r . Though supposedly on s a b b a t i c l e a v e February th rough J u l y , Dick h a s been a t h i s o f f i c e s u p e r v i s i n g t h e move most of t h e s p r i n g .

JOHN 14. STALEY and CHERYL CONNER were m a r r i e d Mar. 16, 1980 i n F t . C o l l i n s , CO.

DR. & MRS. KENNETH CONWAY announce t h e b i r t h of Heather Alene on J a n . 13, 1980.

B. LOWY w i l l have Emeri tus s t a t u s a t L o u i s i a n a S t a t e Univ. beg inn ing J u l y 1, 1980 when h i s r e t i r e m e n t becomes e f f e c t i v e .

E. R. CANFIELD r e t i r e d on 20 May 1980.

F. V . RANZONI is r e t i r i n g i n June 1980.

KAREL CEJP, P r o f e s s o r Emeri tus i n Mycology, C h a r l e s Univ., Prague, d i e d on S e p t . 29, 1979.

RACHEL FULLER BROW, co-d i scovere r w i t h t h e l a t e E. L. Hazen of t h e f i r s t a n t i f u n g a l a n t i b i o t i c , " n y s t a t i n , " d i e d Jan . 14 , 1980 a t 8 1 y e a r s of age.

GILBERT DALLDORF, d i r e c t o r of t h e New York S t a t e E e a l t h Dept. D i v i s i o n of L a b o r a t o r i e s and Research which suppor ted t h e r e s e a r c h on " n y s t a t i n , " d i e d on Dec. 2 1 a t age 79. The D a l l d o r f Fe l lowsh ip i n Medical Mycology, awarded t h i s y e a r t o J . C. Rhodes, was named i n h i s honor .

444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

MSA F I F T I E T H ANNIVERSARY AWARENESS QUIZ

1. Who was t h e f i r s t PlSA p r e s i d e n t and i n what y e a r ?

2. Name t h e two b r o t h e r s who were b o t h PlSA p r e s i d e n t s .

3. Year of t h e most r e c e n t MSA dues i n c r e a s e .

4. Pe rson who h a s h e l d t h e n o s t o f f i c e s i n MSA.

5. At what volume and y e a r d i d &olop,ia become t h e o f f i c i a l j o u r n a l of t h e S o c i e t y ?

N O T E S A N D COMMENTS

SOLHEIM HERBARIUM ESTABLISHED

The William G. Solheim Mycological Herbarium has been founded at the University of Wyoming to commemorate the late W. G. Solheim, Professor Emeritus of Botany, and his wife. The herbarium of more than 50,000 specimens is housed in the Aven Nelson Memorial Building along with Dr. Solheim's personal mycological library; it is available for study by qualified students and researchers. To encourage graduate studies in mycology, a memorial scholarship has also been established at the University. Inquiries concerning the herbarium should be directed to the Curator, W. G. Solheim Mycological Herbarium, Dept. of Botany, the Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071.

STAFF SAFETY AND CARE OF COLLECTIOiJS STUDIED AT CONFERENCE ON FUIIIGANTS

An interdisciplinary conference, FUMIGATION IN PIUSEUMS, PRESERVATION OP, EXTINCTION, was recently organized by the Association of Systematics Collections and sponsored by the National Museum Act. The conference was directed by Dr. Stephen R. Edwards, executive director, Association of Systematics Collections; Dr. Bruce M. Bell, Head of the Collections Management Section, New York State Museum; and Dr. PI. Elizabeth King, Keeper of Collections, The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, and chairperson of the Curator's Committee of the American Association of Museums.

The conference decided 1) to seek creation of a program leading to fumigant research, staff training, appropriate facilities and equipment development, 2) to create a comprehen- sive data clearinghouse, 3) to give executive museum administrators more complete under- standing, and 4) to present coherent information to government authorities. Strategies are being formulated to secure funding.

A report containing specific recommendations for the careful, legal use of fumigants to protect people and museum collections will appear this Fall. The report will present analyses of fumigation procedures; chemicals involved; governmental, legal and ethical considerations; and manufacturers' concerns.

Preliminary results of a pre-conference survey conducted by the New York State Pluseum disclosed widespread disregard among respondents, chiefly in natural history and anthropology museums, for the effects of powerful fumigants on staff and visitors. The findings strongly suggest that many curators and conservators worry more about the collections than even their own health and safety in the use of fumigants. Ironically, the survey indicated users of chemicals often lack knowledge of the potentially harmful effects of fumigants upon collections as well as of the hazards to human health.

Availability of the final conference report and recommendations, including the survey findings and an annotation of federal pesticide regulations, will be announced in museum professional publications and related journals.

PANICKED BY A PAUCITY OF PITH? Howard Bigelow provides a source. It may be purchased from:

National Scientific Co. Pith Ball Division 212 Sotir St. N.W. Fort Walton Beach, FL 32548

Patrorzize our Sustaining Members.

22 THE IODINE REACTION: MELZER' S VS. I K I

Flycologis ts should be aware t h a t t h e i o d i n e r e a c t i o n of c e r t a i n m i c r o s t r u c t u r e s i n ascomycetes may vary depending on t h e i o d i n e s o l u t i o n used, a s w e l l a s KOH p r e t r ea tmen t . Mycologis ts d e a l i n g w i th f r e e - l i v i n g f u n g i t r a d i t i o n a l l y u se Plelzer 's reagent which c o n t a i n s c h l o r a l hyd ra t e , wh i l e t hose working on lichen-forming f u n g i u se I K I * . When keying ou t moss- inhabi t ing pyrenomycetes i n DSbbeler (Moosbewohnende Ascomyceten I. Die Pyrenocarpen, den Gametophyten Bes iede ln Arten. M i t t . Bot. Staatssamm. Miinchen 14:l-360. 1978 . ) , one must determine whether t h e r e a r e "J+" red d r o p l e t s i n t h e centrum. I could no t g e t t h i s r e a c t i o n w i th Melzer ' s reagent w i th o r without KOH p r e t r ea tmen t . However, wi th I K I , t h e s e red d r o p l e t s were e a s i l y seen. Af t e r KOH pre t rea tment fol lowed by I K I , t h e red d r o p l e t s were no t formed bu t t h e a s c i became b lue around t h e a p i c e s . I l a t e r d i scovered t h a t Dobbeler e x p l a i n s t h i s problem i n t h e Methods s e c t i o n of h i s book which I hadn ' t bo thered t o read . According t o Dobbeler, Lugol 's s o l u t i o n g ive s a r e a c t i o n s i m i l a r t o I K I . I n a l l s o l u t i o n s i o d i n e degrades w i th t ime s o they must be r e l a t i v e l y f r e s h . For t hose who have no t seen t h i s e x c e l l e n t t r e a t i s e o r have no t read t h e i n t roduc to ry n o t e s , I b r i n g t h i s t o your a t t e n t i o n . Now t h a t t h e mycologis ts d e a l i n g w i th f r e e - l i v i n g and lichen-forming f u n g i a r e i n t e r a c t i n g , t h i s d i f f e r e n c e i n b a s i c methodology should be brought ou t .

*conta in ing on ly i o d i n e , potassium iod ide and wate r .

Xe l ze r ' s Reagent I K I Lugol 's So lu t i on

Ch lo ra l hyd ra t e 100 gm --- --- Potassium i o d i d e 5 gm 1 gn 2 gm

Iod ine 1 . 5 gm

D i s t i l l e d wa t e r 100 m l

(Submitted by Amy Y . Rossman)

EXF'ORT OF FUNGUS CULTURES

M r s . Bobbie Brandon, American Type Cu l tu r e Co l l e c t i on , p o i n t s ou t t h a t f o r t h e expo r t of fungus c u l t u r e s t o a l l c o u n t r i e s excep t Canada, r e g u l a t i o n s r e q u i r e a v a l i d a t e d Export L icense .

- Appl i ca t i ons (Form DIB-622P) a r e a v a i l a b l e upon r eques t from t h e U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of I n t e r n a t i o n a l Commerce, Of f i c e of Export Cont ro l , Washington, D.C . 20230. (An "End-Use C e r t i f i c a t e " i s r equ i r ed t o accompany a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r e x p o r t s t o Yugoslavia; a "Swiss Blue Import C e r t i f i c a t e " i s r equ i r ed t o accompany a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r e x p o r t s t o Swi tzer land . )

- Val ida ted expor t l i c e n s e s a r e u s u a l l y i s sued w i t h i n 3 weeks a f t e r a p p l i c a t i o n t o t h e U.S. Department of Commerce.

- The expor t l i c e n s e number should be des igna ted on a l l sh ipp ing l a b e l s and Shippers Export Dec l a r a t i ons .

- A "de s igna t i on c o n t r o l s ta tement ' ' i s r equ i r ed f o r shipments which r e q u i r e a v a l i d a t e d expor t l i c e n s e . The fo l lowing s ta tement should be c i t e d on i nvo i ce s , b i l l s of l ad ing , and airway b i l l s :

"These commodities l i c e n s e d by t h e United S t a t e s f o r u l t i m a t e de s igna t i on (name of count ry) . Divers ion con t r a ry t o U . S. law p roh ib i t ed . "

The American Type Cu l tu r e Co l l e c t i on exper iences on ly occa s iona l de l ays i n o b t a i n i n g expo r t l i c e n s e s f o r shipment of c u l t u r e s . The Of f i c e of Export Cont ro l ha s been ve ry coope ra t i ve i n r e so lv ing problems which sometimes a r i s e .

The American Type Cu l tu r e C o l l e c t i o n a s s i s t s i n v e s t i g a t o r s by answering ques t i ons about expo r t and o t h e r sh ipp ing requirements .

PHYLLIS GLICK RESPONDS TO G. H. LINCOFF'S REVIEW 23

E x c e r p t s from a response by P h y l l i s G . G l i c k t o G. H. L i n c o f f ' s review of h e r The - Mushroom T r a i l Guide (Mycologia 71(5):1097-1099) f o l l o w : --

1. M r . L incof f devo ted t h e major p a r t of h i s review t o c r i t i c i z i n g me (and o t h e r f i e l d g u i d e a u t h o r s ) f o r n o t a d v i s i n g r e a d e r s on what t o do should a mushroom p o i s o n i n g occur . Th i s i s c o n t r a r y t o t h e a d v i c e of p r o f e s s i o n a l s . P h y s i c i a n s and po i son c e n t e r o f f i c i a l s a c r o s s t h e c o u n t r y unanimously warned me a g a i n s t i n c l u d i n g any a d v i c e i n my book which would encourage r e a d e r s t o a t t e m p t s e l f - d i a g n o s i s o r s e l f - t r e a t m e n t ( t h e book i s a compila- t i o n of e d i b l e and poisonous s p e c i e s ) . They a d v i s e d t h a t t h e b e s t s t e p was f o r t h e r e a d e r t o c o n t a c t a p h y s i c i a n o r po i son c o n t r o l c e n t e r q u i c k l y and n o t w a s t e t ime a t t e m p t i n g t o f i g u r e o u t what t o x i n s o r t r e a t m e n t were invo lved . T h e i r recommendation, which I fo l lowed , was t o c l e a r l y l a b e l t h e po i sonous s p e c i e s i n t h e book and r e p e a t e d l y warn n o t t o e a t any mushroom which h a d n ' t been 100% i d e n t i f i e d t o s p e c i e s and t o be on guard a g a i n s t i n d i v i d u a l food r e a c t i o n s .

2. M r . L incof f s a y s " t h e r e a r e t o o many mushrooms" i n t h e book, and t h a t a r e g i o n a l g u i d e would be b e t t e r . . . . I wanted a g u i d e t h a t cou ld be used i n many a r e a s , c o v e r i n g a s many e d i b l e and po i sonous s p e c i e s a s p r a c t i c a b l e .

3. M r . L incof f s t a t e s t h a t I show "a g r e a t e r knowledge of mushrooms t h a n mushroom h u n t e r s " because I s t a t e t h a t anyone m i s t a k i n g Omphalotus o l e a r i u s f o r C a n t e r e l l u s c i b a r i u s "simply i s n ' t paying a t t e n t i o n . " I n u s i n g t h a t p a r t i c u l a r p h r a s e , I was q u o t i n g mushroom h u n t e r s invo lved i n t h r e e d i f f e r e n t c a s e s of 2. o l e a r i u s po i son ing , who were e x p l a i n i n g how t h e y had made t h e mis taken i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . They ought t o know!

4. M r . L incof f s t a t e s t h a t I do n o t s t r e s s g i l l a t t achment s u f f i c i e n t l y , a l t h o u g h g i l l a t t a c h m e n t i s d e s c r i b e d f o r every genus and s p e c i e s .... He a l s o o b j e c t s t o my s a y i n g Entoloma and Inocybe g i l l s " a r e a t t a c h e d , " a l t h o u g h t h a t i s p r e c i s e l y t h e way h e d e s c r i b e s them i n h i s own books. A c t u a l l y , I s a y t h e y a r e " a t t a c h e d , sometimes notched a t j u n c t i o n of g i l l s and stem."

5. M r . L incof f c h a s t i z e s me f o r i n c l u d i n g 11 Lycoperdon and 1 4 L a l v a t i a b u t "only 9 Amanitas" ( t h e a c c u r a t e coun t i s 1 3 ) . My book, which s t r e s s e s e d i b l e s p e c i e s , warns r e p e a t e d l y abou t n o t e a t i n g a n y t h i n g one h a s n o t 100% i d e n t i f i e d t o s p e c i e s ; hence t h e i n c l u s i o n of s o many p u f f b a l l s . S u f f i c i e n t d e s c r i p t i o n i s g i v e n . o f t h e v a r i o u s t y p e s of Amanita, a l o n g w i t h r e p e a t e d warnings n o t t o e a t any Amanita, t o e n a b l e t h e r e a d e r t o avo id them.

6. M r . L incof f s t a t e s t h e r e a r e a "few b r i e f i n t r o d u c t o r y remarks" on "how t o cook and p r e s e r v e mushrooms." A c t u a l l y cookery methods a r e g iven on 32 pages f o r each e d i b l e genus, i n c l u d i n g w e l l over 150 r e c i p e s .

There a r e o t h e r i n a c c u r a c i e s , b u t s p a c e does n o t p e r m i t c o r r e c t i n g them.

CORRECTIONS - INTRODUCTORY MYCOLOGY

The t h i r d e d i t i o n of INTRODUCTORY MYCOLOGY (Alexopoulos and tlims, 1979) , now a v a i l a b l e f o r u s e i n c l a s s e s , c o n t a i n s a number of minor s e l f - e x p l a n a t o r y e r r o r s which w i l l b e c o r r e c t e d i n t h e second and subsequen t p r i n t i n g s . There a r e a l s o f i v e more s e r i o u s e r r o r s which might c o n f u s e s t u d e n t s . I n s t r u c t o r s u s i n g t h i s t e x t i n t h e i r c l a s s e s p l e a s e c a l l t h e f o l l o w i n g t o t h e a t t e n t i o n of t h e i r s t u d e n t s :

p. 272, c o l . 2, p a r a 2, l i n e 5: Read: " t h i s f ami ly i n t o t h e f o l l o w i n g f o u r s u b f a m i l i e s . . . I 1

i n s t e a d of s u b c l a s s e s . p. 284. Key t o t h e o r d e r s of P lec tomyce t idae .

Couplet C , CC i s r e v e r s e d . Read: C. Ascospores n o t d e x t r i n o i d

CC. Ascospores d e x t r i n o i d p. 416, c o l . 2, l i n e 7. Read: "shown i n t h e diagrams below." i n s t e a d of "diagrams on

p. 417." p. 561, c o l . 2, l i n e 7. Read: "which a r e n o t known.. . I 1 i n s t e a d of "which a r e now known.. ." p. 590, c o l . 2. Binding hyphae. F i g u r e number shou ld b e 21-3B.

( submi t t ed by C. J. Alexopoulos)

The following is the summary of a paper submitted to the Editors by Charles C. C. Hu, now a graduate student in Plant Pathology at the University of New Hampshire. The paper is titled "My experience of combating wheat rust in the People's Republic of China." For those who wish to contact Mr. Hu, his address is 121 Babcock Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03184.

When Premier Zhou En-lai realized the damages of wheat rust diseases in 1958 and 1959, he issued a directive for starting a wheat rust extermination war. This order ushered in a favorab'le condition for plant pathologists to equip their laboratories and to build greenhouses for wheat rust research. Consequently five centers for wheat rust research were established. Scientists could concentrate in their research for several years and they have had outstanding results. They have ascertained that race 21 complex is the dominant physio- logic race of Puccinia graminis var. tritici in China, and race 34 complex is the next prevailing pathogen. They have also discovered three Supplementary Differential Varieties for the identification of wheat rust strains in China. These are M 52, EC 6, and Minn. 2761. Unfortunately, due to the disturbance of the "Gang-of-four" the productivity of all scientists was low, for investigators were sent to work in villages and to learn from farmers, and greenhouses were neglected or broken. In spite of their difficulties, plant pathologists have isolated and identified new physiological races of wheat rust in China. Three of them are reported here: 72-4X, 74-lX, and 34c3. The spirit of cooperation and of sharing information and facilities was high.

REGIONAL MEETINGS

The first MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES MYCOLOGY CONFERENCE was held at the University of Maryland on April 12. Sponsored by the Department of Botany and organized by Dr. Jerome Motta, 72 mycologists from Washington, D.C., Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsyl- vania met for a day of exchanging information and presenting papers. The featured guest of the meeting was Dr. H. L. Barnett, Professor Emeritus, University of West Virginia. Dr. Barnett presented a luncheon talk on the subject of Mycotrophein, a new growth factor of some biotrophic mycoparasites. Otherinvitedspeakers were Dr. Marie Farr, Dr. Lafayette Frederick, Dr. Paul Lentz, and Dr. Kenneth Deahl. In addition, fourteen papers were presented. The success of the meeting has prompted consideration of repeating the event next year. (submitted by J. J. Plotta)

The NEW ENGLAND MYCOLOGISTS met this year for a third year. This year's meeting was held in Storrs, Connecticut where planners and hosts were Ralph Collins and John Cooke. About 50 people attended. Dr. Alex L. Shigo gave an address "An Expanded Concept of Tree Decay" and 16 papers were presented. Next year's meeting will be held in Orono, ME. Host will be Dick Homola.

MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY SUPPLEMENT

The nex t four pages, the cen te r fo ld , c o n s t i t u t e a supplement t o the 1979 Membership Directory. To assemble, we suggest the following s t eps :

I . Care fu l ly remove cen te r fo ld sheet from Newslet ter .

2 . ~ e e p i n g or ig ina l fold closed, fold again along dot ted l i n e s , w i t h cover t o outs ide .

3. S taple a t l e f t edge.

4 . S l i t tops o f pages (along or ig ina l c e n t e r f o l d ) .

SWAI, 1. S . , 2112 Agri. Sc i . B ldg . , West V i r g i n i a Univ . , Morgantown, WV 26506 SWATEK, F. E . , 812 S t e v e l y Ave., Long Beach, CA 90815 I SYKES, E. E . , P. 0 . Box 8032, Athens , GA 30603 TALLEY, M. R., 2444 3rd Ave., ii D, Counci l B l u f f s , I A 51501 TANAKA, N . , Ohya 3915, Shizouka, J apan 422 I TERADA, K., B o t a n i c a l I n s t i t u t e , F a c u l t y o f Sc i ence , Hiroshima U n i v e r s i t y ,

H igash i - s enda , Hiroshima 730, Japan TISA, L. S . , Dept. of Microbiology & P u b l i c Hea l th , Michigan S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y ,

I E a s t Lansing, M I 48824

TU, C. C., 50-4 Jung Yu S t . , Ta inan , Taiwan, Repub l i c o f China TUCKER, B. E. , Dept. of Botany, U n i v e r s i t y o f Washington, S e a t t l e , WA 98195 UENG, P . P . , LORRE, P o t t e r Eng inee r ing C e n t e r , Purdue U n i v e r s i t y , West

L a f a y e t t e , I N 47907 LPADHYAY, H . P . , Cen t ro de C i e n c i a s B i o l o g i c a s , Dept. de Micologia , Av. P r o f .

Ar thu r d e Sa , Cidade U n i v e r s i t a r i a , 50000 R e c i f e , Pernambuco, B r a z i l THE UNIVERSITY OF TEL AVIV, (ASSOC.), A t t n . : P r o f . Vaal , Dept. o f Botany,

Raniat Aviv, I s r a e l VAN DYKE, C. G . , Dept. of Botany, North C a r o l i n a S t a t e Univ . , Ra l e igh , NC 27650 VANTERPOOL, T. C. (EMER.), 407-685 Niagara S t . , V i c t o r i a , B.C., Canada V8V 1 J 1 VlLGALYS, R., Dept. of Biology, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA 24060 VOLBRACHT, C. , 9 r u e dlHennemont, F 78100 S a i n t Gerniain e n Laye, France WAGNER, G. E., Dept. o f Microbiology, George Washington Univ. Medical Cen te r ,

2300 I S t r e e t , Washington, DC 20037 WALKER, L . J . , 1059 Burtonwood Dr ive , Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 WAMPOLE LABORATORIES DlVlSION (SUST.), A t t n . : D r . A l f r ed E. Cox, D i r e c t o r of

Resea rch , Ca r t e r -Wal l ace I n c . , Cranbury, NJ 08512 WARNER, S. A., Dept. o f Botany, U n i v e r s i t y o f North C a r o l i n a , Chapel H i l l , NC 27514 1 WATERBURY, N.M., 3525 G o l f g a t e Drive , Toledo, OH 43614 WATLING, R. , 26 B l inkbor ry Ave., Edinburgh EH4 3HU, Sco t l and WEAST, L. D . , 3600 Eas t Pa i s ano , Room 172-A, El Paso , TX 79905 WEIDEMANN, G . J . , 5624 Southhampton Dr ive , S p r i n g f i e l d , VA 22151 WELLS, J. M., USDA, P. 0 . Box 87, Byron, GA 31008 WHEELER, Q . D., Dept. o f Entomology, Ohio S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , 1735 Nei l Ave.,

Columbus, OH 43210 WICK, R. L . , 1502 N. Main S t . , Apt. A, B lacksbu rg , VA 24060 1 WILDMAN, H. G., B i o l o g i c a l Labora to ry , The U n i v e r s i t y , Can te rbu ry , Kent,

England CT2 7NJ WlLLEY, R . L . , P l a n t Pathology and B a c t e r i o l o g y , 401 Brooks H a l l , West V i r g i n i a

I U n i v e r s i t y , Morgantown, WV 26506

WILSON, C. M., Dept. of Biology, McGill U n i v e r s i t y , 1205 Ave. Docteur P e n f i e l d , Mon t r ea l , Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1

WYETH LABORATORlES (SUST.), A t tn . : D r . F r a n c i s J. Gregory, P. 0 . Box 8299, P h i l a d e l p h i a , PA 19101

YERXA, D., 3880 Greenwood, D-12, San Diego, CA 92110 YOUNG, D. J . , 1173 B Eas t Seneca , Tucson, A2 85719 1 ZATTAU, W. C., Dept. of Botany, Clenison U n i v e r s i t y , Clenison, SC 29631 ZOOK, D. M . , 2328 W . Norwich, F re sno , CA 93705 1

S U P P L E M E N T T O 1 9 7 9 D I R E C T O R Y

JUNE 1980

The Mycological Society of America F O U N D E D DECEMBER. 1931

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY-TREASUREK L)c.l,drlrnc.rnl <,I HIIIIOY~ 5x1 I.T.U~C~.CU SI.,IC U ~ I Y I . ~ ~ I Y A p r i l 15 , 1980 1600 Ilollo*ry Avrnur S~mt I:ranrt.wu. (:dl~fornbn 94132 M E M B ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ y S W P L E M E ~

The names g iven below a r e t hose o f new members who have jo ined E A s i n c e t h e i s s u a n c e of t h e 1979 Membership D i r e c t o r y up t o Apri l 15 , 1980. Also inc luded a r e t h e names o f members who have r e p o r t e d addres s changes du r ing t h i s same pe r iod .

ADAMS, S. S . , Dept. of Agronomy & Range S c i . , Univ. o f C a l i f . , Davis , CA 95616 ALFIERI, S. A . , Jr. , P. 0 . Box 1269, G a i n e s v i l l e , FL 32602 ARAYA, W. L., C a s i l l a 16033, San t i ago 9 , C h i l e ARTIGOS, J. G., P I . S t a . Ana 5 , b n t b l a n c (Ta r ragone ) , Spain AYERST RESEARCH LABORATORIES (SUST.), D. J. Marsha l l , D i r e c t o r , Admin i s t r a t ive

S e r v i c e s , P. 0. Box 6115, b n t r e a l , Quebec, Canada H3C 351 BADHAM, E. R., Biology Dep t , , Lehman Co l l ege , Bedford Park,, Bronx, N Y 10468 BAIRD, R , E., Dept. of P l a n t Pathology & B a c t e r i o l o g y , 401 Brooks H a l l ,

West V i r g i n i a U n i v e r s i t y , b r g a n t o w n , WV 26506 BARONI, T. J . , Farlow Reference L i b r a r y & Herbarium, Harvard U n i v e r s i t y ,

20 D i v i n i t y Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138 BARZEE, A . , 38 F r i e n d s h i p Lane, Colorado S p r i n g s , CO 80904 BATTY, W. L., J r , , (SUST.), Vice P r e s i d e n t , Marketing, Nalge Co., Div. of

Sybron Corp., 75 Panorama Creek Dr., P. 0 . Box 365, Roches t e r , N Y 14602 BBL MICROBIOLOGY SYSTEMS (SUST.), M r . David F. Hale, Vice P r e s i d e n t o f S a l e s &

Marketing, P , 0 . Box 243, Cockeysv i l l e , MD 21030 BELL, W. R . , Sc ran ton Campus, Penn S t a t e , 120 Ridgeview D r . , Dunmore, PA 18512 BENJAMIN, C. R . , OICD/IOA/USDA, Rm. 6552, South Ag. Bldg. , 1 2 t h S t . &

Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20250 BENNETT, H. D., Dept. o f Biology, West V i r g i n i a U n i v e r s i t y , b r g a n t o w n , WV 26506 BERCH, S. M., Dept. d l E c o l o g i e e t Pedo log ie , F a c u l t e d e F o r e s t e r i e , U n i v e r s i t e

Lava l , Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4 BERKSON, B., 6201 Escondido 2-C, El Paso, TX 79912 BESSETTE, A . , 21 Packard Dr ive , Bangor, ME 04401 BILLS, G. F., 401 Brooks Ha l l , West V i r g i n i a U n i v e r s i t y , b r g a n t o w n , WV 26506 BIRSE, M. L . , 1116 Raymond Ave., S t . P a u l , MN 55108 BLANCHETTE, R . A . , Dept. o f P l a n t Pa tho logy , 304 Stakman H a l l , 1519 Gor tne r

Ave., U n i v e r s i t y o f Minnesota, S t . P a u l , MN 55108 BLANZ, P . , U n i v e r s i t a t Tubingen, I n s t . f u r B i o l o g i e I , Lehr s tuh l S p e z i e l l e

Bo tan ik , D 7400 Tubingen 1, Auf d e r b r g e n s t e l l e 1, West Germany BO, L., Dept. of Biology, Shanxi U n i v e r s i t y , Taiyuan C i t y , P e o p l e ' s Rep. o f China BOISE, J. R., Dept. of Botany, U n i v e r s i t y of Massachuset ts , Amherst, MA 01003 BOKHARY, H. A . , Dept. of Botany, F a c u l t y o f Sc i ence , Riyadh U n i v e r s i t y ,

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia BOURETT, T. M . , 202 Deer ing Ha l l , U n i v e r s i t y of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 BRADLEY, S. G., MCV S t a t i o n , P. 0. Box 678, V i r g i n i a Commonwealth Un ive r s i ty ,

Richmond, VA 23298 BUNEVICIUS, K . , 1716 Br i ck Ave., Sc ran ton , PA 18508 CALDWELL, G. B., 398 Tara T r a i l NW, A t l a n t a , GA 30327 CALLEJA, G. B., b l e c u l a r Gene t i c s Group, Div. of B io log ica l Sc i ences ,

Na t iona l Research Counci l , Ottawa, Canada K I A OR6

PRATT, J. D., 119 Fla& Road. West H a r t f o r d , CT 06117 PRICE, R . L . , 111, 158 E. Cen te r , P. 0 . Box 515, Hyde Pa rk , UT 84318 puNJA, Z. K., Dept. of P l a n t Pa tho logy , U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , Davis , C A

95616 QUINN, J. A., 885 G i l b e r t S t . , Columbus, OH 43206 QUINN, R., Dept. of Biology, Un ive r s i ty o f Southwestern Lou i s i ana , L a f a y e t t e ,

LA 70504 RAHARATHNAM, S , , F r u i t & Veg. Techn. D i s . , C e n t r a l Food Tech. Res. I n s t , ,

Mysore, 570 013 I n d i a REYNOLDS, E., 3106 Buchanan S t . , San F ranc i sco , C A 94132 RODRIGUEZ-SCHERZER, G. J . , Norte 26 # 337-1, Col. I n d u s t r i a l , Mexico, D.F., 14 ROSSMAN, A . , Cryptogamic Herbarium, The New York Bo tan ica l Garden, Bronx,

N Y 10458 ROUTIEN, J. B, , (EMER.), R . R. 3 , Box 363, Grassy H i l l Road, Lyme, CT 06371 ROW, E., c / o Dr. C. J. K. Wang, Dept. of Environ. & Fores t Biology, Co l l ege

o f Environmental S c i . & F o r e s t r y , Syracuse , NY 13210 RUTHERFORD, K . D., 7985 San ta Monica Blvd., S u i t e 109, Los Angeles, CA

90046 RYKARD, D., Dept. o f P l a n t Pathology, M i l l e r Sc i ence Bu i ld ing , P. 0 . Box L5,

Athens , GA 30602 SAAD, S. M., U n i v e r s i t y o f Wisconsin Cen te r , 400 Un ive r s i ty Dr ive , West Bend,

W I 53095 SAKSENA, S. B. , School o f S t u d i e s i n Botany, J i w a j i U n i v e r s i t y , Vidya Vihar ,

Gwalior-474002, I n d i a SANCHEZ, A. , (ASSOC.), C a l l e Azucena K-11, V a l l e Hermoso Ar r iba , Hormigueros,

PR 00660 SANNI, M. O., Biology Department, The P o l y t e c h n i c , Ibadan, N ige r i a SANTESSON, R. , Bot. S e k t . , N a t u r h i s t . , Riksmuseum, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden SAUNDERS, J. A., Dept. o f P l a n t Sc i ences , Texas A & M U n i v e r s i t y , Co l l ege

S t a t i o n , TX 77843 SAYCE, K., Dept. o f Botany & Microbiology, Arizona S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Tempe,

AZ 85281 SCHMIDT, E . , 304 Stakman Ha l l o f P l a n t Pa tho logy , U n i v e r s i t y o f Minnesota,

1519 Gor tne r Ave., S t . Paul , MN 55108 SCHULZ-WEDDIGEN, I-H., Kur fue r s t en S t r . 80, D-100 B e r l i n 30, Germany SCHWAB, S . , Dept. o f P l a n t Pathology, U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a , R i v e r s i d e ,

CA 92521 SCOTT, D. B., Mycology S e c t i o n , P l a n t P r o t e c t i o n Research I n s t i t u t e , P r i v a t e

Bag X134, P r e t o r i a 0001, South Af r i ca SCOTT, E. C . , Dept. o f B io logy , U n i v e r s i t y o f New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 SEIFERT, K . A . , 85 Lancas t e r Drive , Sudbury, On t . , Canada P3E 3R7 SHIPMAN, J. S . , Dept. o f Botany & P l a n t Pa tho logy , Nesmith H a l l , U n i v e r s i t y

o f New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 SMITH, E. W., Aquinas Co l l ege , Grand Rapids, M I 49506 SPILKER, D. A., Dept. o f P l a n t Pathology, The Ohio S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , 1735

Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK INC. (SUST.), 175 F i f t h Ave., New York, NY 10010

A t t n . : Dr. Mark D. L i c k e r SRIVASTAVA, R . C., Sys t ema t i c B o t a n i s t , Bo tan ica l Survey o f I n d i a , S h i l l o n g ,

793003, Ind ia STONE, J. K., Dept. o f Biology, U n i v e r s i t y of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 SURESH, K., Dept. o f Botany, Madhav Science Co l l ege , Vikram U n i v e r s i t y ,

U j j a i n (M.P.), 456010 Ind ia

MEYER, R . J . , Dept. of Botany, U n i v e r s i t y of Georgia , Athens, GA 30602 MEYER, S. L. F . , Dept. o f P l a n t Pathology & Gene t i c s , U n i v e r s i t y o f Georgia ,

Athens, GA 30602 MICHIE, S . , 6620 T r a v i s , Apt. 2, Houston, TX 77030 MIELE, W. H., 234 Lakeview Dr., Route 3 , Elm C i t y , NC 27822 MIKAWA, T . , I n s t i t u t e of B i o l o g i c a l Sc i ences , U n i v e r s i t y of Tsukuba, Sakura-

mura, I b a r a k i , Japan 300-31 MILES LABORATORIES, INC. (SUST.), D r . M. B. I n g l e , Vice P r e s i d e n t , Research

and Development, P. 0 . Box 932, E l k h a r t , I N 46515 MILLER, M. W., L. F. Lambert Spawn, P. 0 . Box 407, C o a t e s v i l l e , PA 19320 MILLER, S. L. , Dept. of Biology, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA 24061 MILLER-WIDEMAN, M. A., Monsanto, 800 N. Lindbergh, S t . Louis , MO 63166 MLSTRETTA, P. A., 326 Choctaw Dr. , P i n e v i l l e , LA 71360 M I U R A , K., 17-2 Mizohata-cho, Sakado- sh i , Saitama-ken 350-02, Japan MODERN, P. A . , 2 Pama Gardens /I 3 , Br igh ton , MA 02135 MORRIS, E. F . , Louis iana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y a t A lexandr i a , A lexandr i a , LA

71301 MORRISON, P . J . , 346 Laspino Lane, Diamond Bar, CA 91765 MORRISON, R . H., 13410 Research Road, Northrup King Co, , Eden P r a i r i e , MN

55343 MUCHOVEJ, J. J . , 7918 Corbe t t Road, Pennsauken N J 08109 MULLEAVY, W. P . , Div. o f R a d i a t i o n Biology, Dept. o f Radiology, Case Western

Reserve Un ive r s i ty , C leve land , OH 44106 MUROI, T . , 8 -5 Koshein-sudor i , Nishinomiya 663, Japan NAITO, H . , Kyushu Nat. Agric. Expt . S t a . , Chikugo, Fukuoka 833 Japan NATVIG, D . O. , Dept. of Botany, U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a , Berkeley, CA 94720 NIEDBALSKI-CLINE, M., 172 Na tu ra l Res. Bldg. , Botany & P l a n t Pathology,

Urbane, IL 61801 NISHIJIMA, W. T . , Col lege of A g r i c u l t u r e , U n i v e r s i t y of Hawaii a t H i lo ,

P . 0 . Box 1537, Hi lo , HI 96720 NORMAN, S. M., USDA F r u i t & Vegetable Chem. Lab., 263 So. Ches t e r Ave.,

Pasadena, CA 91106 NOVY, C. , 14 So. Orange S t . , Medford, OR 97501 O'DONNELL, K . L., Dept. of Botany, U n i v e r s i t y of Minnesota, 220 B i o l o g i c a l

Sc i ences Cen te r , 1445 Gor tne r Ave., S t . P a u l , MN 55108 OKHUOYA, J. A., Dept. o f P l a n t Sc i ence , U n i v e r s i t y Co l l ege , C a r d i f f , CFI IXL,

Wales OLIVER, B. L., 209-C Baxter Road, S t o r r s , CT 06268 OSTROFSKY, A . , n ep t . of Botany & P l a n t Pathology, U n i v e r s i t y of New Hampshire,

Durham, NH 03824 PACIONI, G. , I s t i t u t o Botanico - U n i v e r s i t a , P i azza Annunzia ta , 1 , L 'Aqui la ,

I t a l y 67100 PAMPERIN, D . , 4311 On ta r io 1 2, Ames, I A 50010 PEABODY, R . , 180 Mountain Ave., Hacket ts town, N J 07840 PELCO (SUST.), M r . Ted P e l l a , P r e s i d e n t , Ted P e l l a , I n c . , P. 0. Box 510,

T u s t i n , CA 92680 PERRIN, P . W . , Agr i cu l tu re Canada, Research S t a t i o n , P. 0. Box 1000,

Agass iz , B.C., Canada VOM 1 A O POLISHOOK, J . , Dept. of F o r e s t Biology, 350 I l l i c k H a l l , S.U.N.Y., Co l l .

Environ. S c i . , Syracuse , N Y 13210 POLLACK, F. G . , 365 Carnaby C t . , Royal Arms V i l l a s , Naples, FL 33924

CANTONE, F. A., Dept.'of Botany & P l a n t Pa tho logy , Purdue U n i v e r s i t y , West L a f a y e t t e , I N 47907

CARROW, E., Dept. of Botany, U n i v e r s i t y o f Rhode I s l a n d , Kingston, R I 02881 CARVAJAL, F. (EMER.), 4681 Armadillo S t . , Boca Raton, FL 33433 CARVER, S, A., 6969 Worthington Galena Rd., S u i t e L, Worthington, OH 43085 CASTRO-MENDOZA, E., Dept. o f Biology, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, V A 24061 CHANG-HO, Y., Dept. of Biology, E r i n d a l e Co l l ege , U n i v e r s i t y of Toronto ,

Mis s i s sauga , On t . , Canada L5L 1C6 CHARCHAR, M. J. d 'A . , Cen t ro d e Pesqu i sa Agropecuaria dos Cerrados (EMBRAPA),

Km 1 8 Br 020, C. P. 700023, 70.00 - B r a s i l i a - DF - B r a z i l CLAUSZ, J . , Dept. o f Biology, C a r r o l l Co l l ege , Waukesha, W I 53186 COLEMAN, M. E . , B-2 Ramsgate, Blacksburg, V A 24060 COLENO, A,, 1.N.A.-P.G., L a b o r a t o i r e de P a t h o l o g i e Vege ta l e , 16 r u e Claude-

Bernard, P a r i s 5 , France. COONEY, R . A , , 166 P a r t r i d g e Lane, Athens, GA 30606 COOPER, C. R . , J r . , Dept, o f Microbiology, U n i v e r s i t y o f Texas- Aust in , Aw t i n ,

TX 78712 COX, J. J . , 139 Lassen Ave., /I 17 , Chico, CA 95926 CRYDER-SOWER, C . M . , P. 0 . Box 577, San Juan B a u t i s t a , CA 95045 DAHLBERG, K . R., Dept. of P l a n t Pa tho logy , Un ive r s i ty o f Nebraska-Lincoln ,

L inco ln , NE 68583 DANIELSON, R . M., Biology Dept. , U n i v e r s i t y o f Calgary, Calgary, Alb.,

Canada T2N 1N4 DAVIS, L. C . , Dept. o f Botany, Un ive r s i ty of C a l i f o r n i a , Davis , CA 95616 DAVIS, L. L . , Dept. o f P l a n t Pathology, U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a , R ive r s ide ,

CA 92502 DHILLON, S. S . , 2 F a i r f i e l d C i r c l e - 6B, Brentwood, N Y 11717 DHINGRA, 0 . D . , Dept. d e F i t o p a t o l o g i a , Univers idade Fede ra l De Vicosa ,

36570, Vicosa , KC, B r a s i l DIME, M. H., 625 S t u a r t Ave., Mamaroneck, N Y 10543 DORWARD, D . W., Dept. of Botany, Miami U n i v e r s i t y , Oxford, OH 45056 DUBLIN, M. V . , 101 E. Davis, B l y t h e v i l l e , A R 72315 DUBLISH, P. K . , Canada House, La1 K u r t i Meerut Can t t , Meerut C i t y U . P . , I nd ia DURALL, D. M . , U n i v e r s i t y of Calgary, Biology Dept . , 2920 24th Ave., N.W.,

Ca lga ry , A l t a . , Canada T2N 1N4 DYKO, B. J . , 6470 Rabb Road, F o w l e r v i l l e , M I 48836 DYKSTRA, M. J . , Dept. of Anatomy & Radiology, Co l l ege o f V e t e r i n a r y Medicine,

U n i v e r s i t y o f Georgia , Athens, G A 30602 EGAN, R . S . , Dept. o f Biology, U n i v e r s i t y of Nebraska a t Omaha, Omaha, NE

68182 ENGLANDER, L. , Dept. of P l a n t Pathology-Entomology, A g r i c u l t u r a l Expt. S c o . ,

Woodward H a l l , U n i v e r s i t y o f Rhode I s l a n d , Kingston, R I 02881 . FARDELMANN, D . , 4311 On ta r io , Apt. 2, Ames, I A 50012 FENSTERMACHER, J. M., 205 L ind ley Ave., Wickford, R I 02852 FOUDIN, A. S . , USDA, APHIS, PPQ, 108 Waters H a l l , UMC, Columbia, MO 65211 FROMTLING, R . A., Robert K o c h - I n s t i t u t , Des Bundesgesundhei tsamtes , 1 B e r l i n

65, Nordufer 20, Germany, Fede ra l Republ ic GABRIELE, P. D., 22 Sequin S t . , H a r t f o r d , CT 06106 GARDINER, R . B. , 1113-140 Cherry H i l l Drive , Loitdon, Ont . , Canada N6H 4M5 GARRAWAY, M. O., Dept. of P l a n t Pa tho logy , Ohio S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , 1735 Nei l

Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 GAUGER, W. L., School o f L i f e Sc i ences , U n i v e r s i t y o f Nebraska, L inco ln , NE

68501

GAUR, P. K., Food Research I n s t i t u t e , 1925 Willow Drive , UW, Madison, W I 53706 GERIK, J. S . , Dept. o f P l a n t Pathology, U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , Be rke ley ,

C A 94720 GILLIAM, M. S . , C/O David Davies , ICAOTAM, P. 0 . Box 1165, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia GODEAS, A . , Dept. C i e n c i a s B i o l o g i c a s , Facu l t ad d e C ienc ia s Exac ta s y Na tu ra l e s

U.B.A., 4 P i s o I1 P a b e l l o n , Ciudad U n i v e r s i t a r i a (Nunez) 1428 Ruenos Ai re s , Argent ina

GOTH, R . W., Bldg. 011, H. H. 13 , BARC-W, B e l t s v i l l e , MD 20705 GOTTWALD, T. R. , S o u t h e a s t e r n F r u i t & Tree-Nut Research Labora to ry , P . 0. Box

87, Byron, GA 31008 GRAHAM, J. H., 1133 B l a i n e , 63, R i v e r s i d e , C A 92507 GRAIN PROCESSING CORPORATION (SUST.), A t t n . : D r . Robert E. M i l l e r , Technical

D i r e c t o r , 1600 Oregon, Muscat ine , IA 52761 GRIMES, G. L . , 1223 Race S t . , Denver, CO 80206 HALLETT, I.C., DSIR, M t . A lbe r t Research Cen t r e , P r i v a t e Bag, Auckland,

New Zealand HANKIN, L., Conn. Agric . Expt. S t a t i o n , Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504 HARRINGTON, T. C . , Dept. of P l a n t Pa tho logy , U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a ,

Berkeley, C A 94720 HASIJA, S. K., 469-C, Pachpedi , J a b a l p u r , 482001, Ind ia HIBBITS, J . , P. 0. Box 144, Muki l teo , WA 98275 HIDAKA, Z . , 3-6-1, Kasumigaoka, H igash i -ku , Fukuoka 813, Japan MINDS, T. E. , Rocky Mtn. F o r e s t & Range Expt. S t a t i o n , 240 W. P r o s p e c t ,

F o r t C o l l i n s , CO 80526 HORN, B. W., 15010 25th kve . , Ct. E, Tacoma, WA 98445 HORNER, W . E . , Dept. of F o r e s t Botany, SUNY Col l . o f Env. Sc i ence , Syracuse ,

N Y 13210 HOSODA, E . , Gene t i c s Labora to ry , Tokyo Met ropo l i t an I so tope Research I n s t . ,

11-1 Fukazawa 2, Se t agaya , Tokyo, Japan 158 HOUCK, L. G., Market Q u a l i t y Research, USDA-ARS, P. 0. Box 8143, Fresno,

C A 93747 HOUGH, G. P . , 6629 L a c t r e c P l a c e , Rancho P a l o s Verdes, CA 90274 HUIZAR, E . , 3243 E. Monte V i s t a , Phoenix , AZ 85008 ITO, T . , Mycology S e c t i o n , I n s t . f o r Fe rmen ta t ion , Osaka 17-85, Juso-honmachi

2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, J apan J A C K , M. A , , Dept. of Chemist ry , Georgetown U n i v e r s i t y , Washington, DC 20057 JANOS, D. P . . Dept. of Biology, U n i v e r s i t y of Miami, P. 0. Box 249118, Coral

Gab le s , EL 33124 JOHNSON, E, A., 235 Winding Way, San C a r l o s , CA 94070 JONES, P. H., 503 U n i v e r s i t y Pa rk , Roches t e r , N Y 14620 JLILICH, W., R i jk she rba r ium, Schelpenkade 6 , Leiden, Ne the r l ands JUTTNER, A . S . , A d r i a n ' s T ree Se rv ice I n c . , 1240 Fa r ragu t S t . , New Or leans , LA

70114 KAISER, R . P . , 211 Buckhout Lab. , The Pennsy lvan ia S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Un ive r s i ty

P a r k , PA 16802 KAKISAIMA, M., I n s t i t u t e of A g r i c u l t u r e & F o r e s t r y , U n i v e r s i t y of Tsukuba,

I b a r a k i , Japan 300-31 KAMEL, S . M . , Mar i cu l tu re and F i s h e r i e s Dep t . , Kuwait I n s t . f o r S c i e n t i f i c

Research, P. 0. Box 1638, Salmiya, Kuwait KATO, A., Akiyama Mycology I n s t . L td . , 1-17-10 Takabatake Kofu-Ci ty ,

\ 'manash i , Japan KATSUYA, K., I n s t . of A g r i c u l t u r e & F o r e s t r y , U n i v e r s i t y of Tsukuba, I b a r a k i ,

Sakura-mura, Japan 300-31

KENDRA, D. F . , 227 S t r awber ry Way, C a l i f o r n i a , PA 15419 KENERLEY, C. M., Dept. of P l a n t Pathology, North Caro l ina S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y ,

Ra le igh , NC 27607 KENNETH, R. G., Dept, of P l a n t Pathology & Microbiology, Hebrew U n i v e r s i t y ,

P. 0 . Box 12, Rehovot, I s r a e l KHALIEL, A . S . , Dept. of Botany & P l a n t Pa tho logy , Colorado S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y ,

F t . C o l l i n s , CO 80523 KHAN, S . R. , 7507 SW 53rd P l a c e , G a i n e s v i l l e , EL 32601 KLICH, M. A . , USDA Southern Regional Research Cen te r , P. 0 . Box 19687,

:iew Or leans , LA 70179 KOHN, L. M., Dept. of Botany, Clemson U n i v e r s i t y , Clemson, SC 29631 KOLOTILA, M. P . , Dept. of Botany & P l a n t Pa tho logy , Michigan S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y ,

Eas t Lansing, MI 48824 KONNO, K., Meikei Gakuen, Inar imae 1-1 Yatabe-Machi, I b a r a k i P r e f . 300-21,

Japan KOSLOW, G., Dept. of P l a n t Pathology, Cook Co l l ege , New Brunswick, N J 08903 KURUP, V . P . , 151 B Research Se rv ice , V. A. Medical Center , Wood (Milwaukee),

W I 53193 KUSHALAPPA, A . C . , Dept. d e F i t o p a t o l o g i a , Univ. Federal d e Vicosa ,

Vicosa-Minas G e r a i s - B r a s i l 36570 LA FAVRE, J. S . , Dept. o f S o i l & Env. Sc i ences , U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a ,

R i v e r s i d e , C A 92521 LAN, C-L., Dept. of Botany, U n i v e r s i t y of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 LARA, H. L., Capr i co rn io 27, Colonia Prado Churubusco, Mexico 13, D.F. LASURE, L. L . , P. 0. Box 932, Miles L a b o r a t o r i e s , E l k h a r t , I N 46515 LEATHAM, G. F. , USDA, F o r e s t S e r v i c e , F o r e s t P roduc t s Labora to ry , P. 0 . Box

5130, m d i s o n , W I 53705 LECRONE, C. L., 30244 S.A.C.M., N . A . U . , F l a g s t a f f , AZ 86001 LEFEBVRE, C. L . , (EMER.), 10835 Tropicana C i r c l e , Sun C i t y , AZ 85351 LEMKE, P . A., P ro f . & Head, Dept. of Botany, P l a n t Pathology & Microbiology,

Auburn U n i v e r s i t y , Auburn, AL 36830 LEONG, S. R. , Dept. of P l a n t Pathology & Bac te r io logy , 401 Brooks H a l l , West

V i r g i n i a U n i v e r s i t y , Morgantown, W 26506 LEQUERICA, J . L . , I n s t . d e Agroquimica Y Tecnologia de Alimentos, c / o Jaime

Roig 11, Valencia-10, Spa in L I , S - F . , S y b e l s t r a s s e 14, 3550 Marburg (Lahn) , West Germany LIEBMAN, J. A., Apt. 1 , 703 Spr ing S t . , Ann Arbor, M I 48103 LOFTIS, J. E . , J r . , 1412 West 6 t h S t . , Aust in , TX 78703 LU, K . C. , 150 N.W. 3 5 t h S t . , C o r v a l l i s , OR 97330 LUCAROTTI, C . , Dept. o f B io logy , McGill U n i v e r s i t y , 1205 Avenue Docteur

P e n f i e l d , Montreal , Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1 MACKINNON, A., The U n i v e r s i t y of B r i t i s h Columbia, Botany, {/ 3529-6270,

U n i v e r s i t y Blvd., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B1 MANCLARK, C. R., (ASSOC.), Div. of B a c t e r i a l P r o d u c t s , Bureau of B i o l o g i c s ,

8800 Rockv i l l e P i k e , Bethesdo, MD 20205 MAREK, L. E . , Dept. of Botany, A J 10 , U n i v e r s i t y of Washington, S e a t t l e , WA 98195 MARSH, S. F . , Dept. of P l a n t Pa tho logy , North Caro l ina S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y ,

Ra le igh , NC 27650 MAU, M . K., 4525 A i r l i e Way, Annandale, V A 22003 MCBEATH, J. H. , I n s t i t u t e of Northern F o r e s t r y , Fa i rbanks , AK 99701 MCGRANAHAN, G., P l a n t Pa tho logy-Russe l l Labs . , U n i v e r s i t y of Wisconsin,

Madison, W I 53706 MERNER, D . T . , Dept. of Biology, U n i v e r s i t y of South F l o r i d a , Tampa, EL 33620

ANNUAL MEETING

Mycological Society of America

August 2 - August 6, 1980 University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona

SCHEDULE AND ABSTRACTS

Saturday, August 2 FORAY

A one-day foray through Sonoran Desert habitat to the foot of the Santa Catalina Mountains and up the Mt. Lemon Highway through desert shrub, oak woodland, pinyon-juniper, ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and corkbark fir-aspen vegetational zones up to 9,000 ft. A bus will leave the UA Student Union Building on campus at 8:00 a.m. on Saturday, 2 August, and will return about 6:00 p.m. The cost of the trip ($15.00 per person) includes transportation and a box lunch. The foray leader is ROBERT L. GILBERTSON, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. 85721. W. B. COOKE is chairman of the Foray Committee.

Sunday, August 3

Meetings of the Council (9: 00 AM and 1: 00 PM) .

Monday Piornine, August 4

SESSION 1. Contributed Papers. Fungal Ultrastructure and Cytology. STANLEY L. FLEGLER, Center for Electron Optics, llichigan State University, East Lansing, >TI. 48824 (Tel. 517/353-8798), presiding.

8:10 Introduction. STANLEY L. FLEGLER.

8:15 C1. STEMPEN, HENRY, and ROBERT C. EVANS.* Rutgers University, Camden, NJ. Correlation of ultrastructural and histochemical studies on walls of germinating spores of Fuligo septica.

8:30 C2. McCABE, DENNIS E. USDA Insect Pathology Research Unit, Ithaca, NY. Nuclear events surrounding resting spore maturation and germination in two species of Entomophthora.

8:45 C3. DORWARD, DAVID W.*, and MARTHA J. POWELL. Miami University, Oxford, OH. An ultrastructural comparison of Chytriomyces aureus and C. hyalinus: Evaluation of ultrastructural features as taxonomic characters.

9:05 C4. BARSTOW, WILLIAM E.*, and WILllA L. LINGLE. University of Georgia, Athens. Electron microscopy of sporangium formation and zoospore differentiation in Blastocladiella brittanica.

9:20 C5. POWELL, MARTHA J. Miami University, Oxford, OH. Zoospore structure and germination in the mycoparasitic chytrid Caulochytrium.

9:40 C6. BARR, DONALD J. S. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. A Phlyctochytrium - type zoospore; the possible progenitor for the Blastocladiales.

10:OO RECESS

10:15 C7. STEFFENS, W. L.*, and J. P. JONES. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. The ultrastructure of ascospore ontogeny in Eleutherascus peruvianus.

26 10:30 C8. MAYFIELD, JOHN E. Atlanta University, Atlanta GA. Conidiation and nuclear

behavior in Verticillium dahliae.

10:45 C9. O'DONNELL, KERRY L., and DAVID J. McLAUGHLIN. University of Minnesota, St. Paul. The meiotic spindle pole body cycle in Puccinia malvacearum.

11:05 C10. MIMS, CHARLES W. Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX. Ultrastructure of teliospore germination meiosis and basidiospore formation in the rust fungus Gymnosporangium clavipes.

11:20 C11. FLEGLER, STANLEY L.*, and GARY R. HOOPER. Michigan State University, East Lansing. Ultrastructure and development of Mutinus caninus and the occurrence of an eight-spored basidium.

Monday Afternoon, August 4

SESSION 2. Contributed Papers, Fungal Ecology, Morphology, and Taxonomy. MARTHA CHRISTEN- SEN, Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY. 82071 (Tel. 3071 766-2140 or 766-2380), presiding.

1:10 Introduction. MARTHACHRISTENSEN.

1:15 C12. BLACKWELL, MEREDITH, and R. L. GILBERTSON. Hope College, Holland, MI., and University of Arizona, Tucson. Distribution of Myxomycetes in vegetation zones of Southern Arizona.

1:30 C13. KLICH, MAREN A.*, and LOIS H. TIFFANY. Southern Regional Research Center, USDA., New Orleans, LA., and Iowa State University, Ames. Seasonality and distribution of the Saprolegniaceae in northwest Iowa.

1:45 C14. ARSUFFI, T. L.*, and R. SUBERKROPP. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces. Trophic interactions between aquatic hyphomycetes and invertebrates in a stream environment.

2:00 C15. LeCRONE, CAROL L. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. Water repellency and fungal community composition in juniper woodland soils.

2:15 C16. MEYER, SUSAN L. FRICKE. University of Georgia, Athens, Studies on the lichen genus Parmeliopsis.

2:30 C17. WIDDEN, PAUL. Concordia University, V. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Effects of temperature on competition between Trichoderma species in a model system.

2:45 RECESS

k 3:OO Cl8. LUTTRELL, E. S. University of Georgia, Athens. Ascocarp development in ?leliola.

3:15 C19. MORGAN-JONES, G. Auburn University, Auburn, AL. New Hyphomycetes from Alabama and South Africa.

3:30 C20. STAHL, PETER D. University of Wyoming, Laramie. Identification of mycorrhizal spore types in Wyoming.

3:45 C21. HARRINGTON, THOMAS C.*, and C. GARDNER SHAW. Washington State University, Pullman. Dissemination of the pouch fungus, Cryptoporus volvatus.

4:00 C22. BURDSALL, H. H., JR. Forest Products Laboratory, USFS, Madison, WI. More discussion about Phanerochaete crysosporium anamorphs.

4:15 C23. NAKASONE, K. K., H. H. BURDSALL, JR., and L. A. NOLL.* Forest Products Laboratory, USFS, Madison, WI. A new Phlebia on Sonoran Desert hardwoods.

Tuesday Morning, August 5

Concurrent Sessions 3, 4

SESSION 3. Contributed Papers. Fungal Physiology. ALAN JAWORSKI, Department of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. 30602 (Tel. 4041542-3732), presiding.

8:10 Introduction. ALAN JAWORSKI.

8:15 C24. CLARK, JIM D., and TIMOTHY J. LOTT.* University of Kentucky, Lexington. Characterization of senesence in the Myxomycete, Didymium iridis.

8:30 C25. JAWORSKI, ALAN*, and PATRICIA STUMHOFER. University of Georgia, Athens. Stage-specific synthesis of ribosome-associated proteins during late sporulation in Blastocladiella emersonii.

9:45 C26. WARNER, STEVEN A,*, and A. J. DOMNAS. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Metabolism and fate of sterols in two species of Lagenidium.

9:00 C27. DAVIS, L. L.*, and S. BARTNICKI-GARCIA. University of California, Riverside. The structure and biosynthesis of chitosan from llucor rouxii.

9:20 C28. ALLEN, MICHAEL F.*, TIIOMAS S. MOORE, JR., WILLIAM K. SMITH, and MARTHA CHRISTENSEN. University of I.?yoming, Laramie. The influence of VA mycorrhizae on ecophysiological characteristics and phytohormones of Bouteloua gracilis.

9:35 C29. GUNASEKARAN, M a * , and DARRELL J. WEBER. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN., and Brigham Young University, Provo, UT. Influence of physiochemical factors on growth and pigment synthesis of Pyrenochaeta terrestris.

9:50 RECESS

10:05 C30. BLACK, CANDACE L., and ROBERT C. EVANS.* Rutgers University, Camden, NJ. The effects of nitrogen nutrition on sporulation, growth, and polyphenoloxidase activity in Bipolaris maydis, race T.

10:20 C31. ABNEY, T. SCOTT,* and THOMAS L. RICHARDS. USDA~SEA, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN. Virulent isolates of Cercospora kikuckii from seed cause leaf blight of soybeans in Midwest.

10:35 C32. SUTHERLAND, JOHN B.*, and DON L. CRAWFORD. University of Idaho, Moscow. Lignin and cellulose decomposition by xylariaceous fungi.

10:50 C33. REID, IAN D. National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon. Growth and lignin degradation by white-rot fungi under increased oxygen pressures.

11:05 C34. KURTZMAN, RALPH H., JR. Western Regional Research Center, USDA, Berkeley, CA. Manganese sulfate as an indicator of white rot activity.

11:20 C35. NEYER, ROBERT J. University of Georgia, Athens. The influence of different light spectra on the development of fruiting bodies of Psilocybe coprophila.

SESSION 4. Posters. Authors are requested to be at their posters from 9-10 a.m. and 4-5 p.m.

9:OO-5:00 C36. BENNY, GERALD L., DON A. SAMUELSON, and JAMES FJ. KIMBROUGH. University of Florida, Gainesville. Revisionary studies in the Coryneliales.

C37. JONES, JOHNNYE M., and LAFAYETTE FPEDERICK. Hampton Institute, Hampton, VA., and Howard University, Washington, D.C. Ascosporogenesis in Emericella quadrilineata: an analysis via light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy.

C38. SAMUELSON, DON A., GERALD L. BENNY, LEE A. JACOBS, and JAMES W. KIMBROUGH. University of Florida, Gainesville. Studies in the ontogeny of Elaphomyces.

C39. LINGLE, WILMA L.*, and WILLIAM E. BARSTOW. University of Georgia, Athens. Fine structural observations of the zoospore of Blastocladia ramosa.

C40. AMON, .TAKES P.*, and JOYCE A. CASTO. Wright State University, Dayton, OH. Ultrastructural development of Phlyctochytrium sp. 71-1-E.

C41. AMON, JAMES P., and SANDRA C. HUGH. Wright State University, Dayton, OH. The effect of dextrose on development of Phlyctochytrium sp. 71-1-E Kazama.

C42. JACOBS, LEE A., JAMES W. KIMBROUGH, and FRED S. DAVIES. University of Florida, Gainesville. Synthesis of a mycorrhizal association between Elaphomyces persoonii and Vaccinium ashei.

C43. AIION, JAMES P., and SOON-PIN YEI. Wright State University, Dayton, OH. Competition between two species of marine Phyconycetes.

Tuesday Afternoon, August 5


1:00 Annual Lecture: Fungal Viruses and Disease Control. PETER R. DAY, Director, Plant Breeding Institute, Cambridge, England.

SESSION 5. SWOSIUM: Myxomycete Biosystematics: Current Perspectives. MARTHA J. POWELL, Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, OH. (Tel. 513/529-5321), presiding.

2:30 Introduction. MARTHA J. POWELL.

2:35 C44. COLLINS, O'NEIL RAY. University of California, Berkeley. Reproductive cycles and evolutionary relationships.

3:00 C45. MlJLLEAVY, PERRY. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Ploidal and genetical studiesin Didymium iridis: heterothallic and non-heterothallic cycles.

3:25. C46. CLARK, JIM. University of Kentucky, Lexington. Genetics and cytology of incompatibility and aging in phaneroplasmodia.

3:50 RECESS

4:00 C47. HASKINS, EDWARD. University of Washington, Seattle. Plasmodia1 morphology and sporophore development.

4:25 C48. BETTERLEY, DONALD. University of California, Berkeley. Reproductive cycles and genetical and isozymal variations.

4:50 Closing Remarks. O'NEIL RAY COLLINS.

Wednesday morning, August 6

8: 00 BREAKFAST AND BUSINESS MEETING.

10:OO Presidential Address: Cytology, Ultrastructure, and Taxonomy of Thelebolus (Ascomycetes). JAMES W. KIMBROUGH, University of Florida, Gainesville.

SESSION 6. Posters. Authors are requested to be present at their posters from 11-12 a.m. and 3:30-4:30 p.m.

11:OO-4:30 C49. BURGE, HARRIET A.*, WILLIAM R. SOLOMON, and MICHAEL L. MLJILENBERG. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor. Aeroallergen exposure risks imposed by indoor plant growth.

&

C50. WILEY, BONNIE J. US Army Natick R & D Command, MA. The aerobiology of a tropical test chamber.

C51. HUIZAR, H. ELAINE*, and JEROME M. ARONSON. Arizona State University, Tempe. An ultrastructural comparison of cellulin granules in the Leptomitaceae.

C52. ELLZEY, JOANNE T., and GEORGE R. ALIAGA. University of Texas, El Paso. Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations of Achlya recurva.

C53. NATVIG, DONALD 0. University of California, Berkeley. Enzymatic degradation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in lactic acid-forming Oomycetes and Chytridio- mycetes.

C54. ARONSON, JEROME M. Arizona State University, Tempe. Composition of cell walls of Mindeniella spinospora Kanouse and other leptomitalean fungi.

C55. GESSNER, R. V., and W. G. SUNDA. Western Illinois University, Macomb, and Southeast Fisheries Center, Beaufort, NC. Copper chelation by the extracellular products of marine fungi.

Wednesday afternoon, August 6


SESSION 7. Contributed Papers. Fungal Ecology, Genetics, and Medical Mycology. DONALD J. S. BARR, Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa (Tel. 6131 995-9461), presiding.

1:lO Introduction. DONALD J. S. BARR

1:15 C56. EGER-HUMMEL, GERLIND*, and SUI-FONG LI. Institute of Pharmaceutical Techno- logy, University, Marburg, Germany. Control of dikaryotic fruiting by environmental and genetic factors in Pleurotus ostreatus.

1:30 C57. PRJLLEAW, PERRY*, and THOMAS E. EVANS. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Construction and radiation sensitivity of an isogenic ploidal series of Physarum polycephalum.

1:45 C58. KURUP, VISWANATH P. VA Research Service, Milwaukee, WI. Characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus antigens.

2:00 C59. GUNASEKARAN, PI. St. Jude children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN. Production of aflatoxin by pathogenic Aspergillus flavus isolated from a cancer patient.

1 2: 15 C60. GRAHAM, MARK S., STEVEN A. WARNER*, A. J. DOMNAS, and G. WAYNE SOVOCOOL .

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and l~ealth Effects Research Laboratory, USEPA, Research Triangle Park, NC. Fate of hydrocarbons in two species of Lagenidium.

C61. CHAHAL, D. S.*, and ?I. MOO-YOUNG. Iotech Corporation, Ltd., Ottawa, Canada, and University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Growth characteristics of Chaetomium cellulolyticum in solid-state fermentation for upgrading feed values of wheat straw.

RECESS

C62. DUNCAN, W., and D. T. WAGNER-MERNER. University of South Florida, Tampa. Occurrence of Thraustochytriaceae in the guts of Florida echinoids (Echinodermata).

C63. FOGEL, ROBERT. University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor. Mycorrhizae and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems.

C64. ALLEN, EDITH BACH. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces. Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on salt stressed Distichlis spicata.

C65. IJATRUD, LIDIA S., JOSEPH J. HEITHAUS, 111, and MARGARET A. MILLER-WIDEMAN. I4onsanto Agricultural Products Co., St. Louis, NO. Sequential germinations of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita.

C66. ZOBERI, MUJEEB H. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Mycoflora of termite hill.

The Program Committee for 1979-1980 was Richard Hanlin, Chairman, Robert W. Lichtwardt, Martha Powell, and Allan Jaworski.

ANNUAL LECTURE

Tuesday. August 5 - 1:00 PM

PETER R. DAY Plant Breeding Institute, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 2LQ, England. Fungal Viruses and Disease Control.

The discovery of double-stranded RNA viruses in fungi prompted a search for methods of biological control of fungal plant pathogens. Hypovirulence in Endothia parasitica, the cause of the chestnut blight disease, is a clear example. The presence of double-stranded RNA transmitted at hyphal anastomosis has been associated with varying degrees of reduction in pathogenicity. The double-stranded RNA transferred may show variation in the number of species of different MW present depending on the genotype of the recipient strain. In Italy, the spread of hypovirulent strains appears to have occurred without man's intervention, resulting in a balance between host and parasite more favourable to the host than might have been anticipated. In France, biological control based on the introduction of highly hypovirulent strains has been successful in securine local control of the disease in chestnut u

orchards. In the north-east USA attempts to control blight by the introduction of a variety of strains are still under way. In Ustilago maydis, double- stranded RNA viruses appear to be very common. Examination of 49 smut galls from Connecticut revealed double-stranded RNA in all of them. At least 10 groups were differentiated on the number and MWs of species present. Several strains had killer activity. Experiments to detect a role for these double-stranded RNAs in moderating pathogenicity were inconclusive.

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

Wednesday, August 6 - 10:OO AM

JAMES W. KIMBROUGH. Department of Botany, U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e , FL. 32611

Cytology, Ul t r a s t r u c t u r e , and Taxonomy o f Thelebol us (Ascomycete)

The genus The lebo lus c o n t a i n s a group o f copro- p h i l o u s spec ies p laced t r a d i t i o n a l l y i n t h e Pez i za les . I t rep resen ts t h e t ype o f t h e Thelebolaceae, a f a m i l y c h a r a c t e r i z e d by a l a r g e number o f taxa w i t h m u l t i - spored a s c i . Ascomata o f The lebo lus spp. v a r y f rom those w i t h numerous 8-spored a s c i t o t h a t o f T. s te rco reus w i t h a s i n g l e ascus bea r i ng more than 2000 spores. I n these spec ies t he i nc rease i n spore number pe r ascus i s accompanied by a decrease i n a s c i Der ascocarD.

The purpose o f t h i s paper i s t o desc r i be t h e development o f ascomata i n t a x a w i t h 8-,16-,32-, 64-,256-, and +2000-spored a s c i w i t h b o t h l i g h t and t ransmiss ion e l e c t r o n microscopy, d i scuss ascus s t r u c t u r e and ascomatal development, and propose t h e e x c l u s i o n o f 'Thelebol us f rom t h e Pez iza les .

Ascomata of spec ies o f The lebo lus a r e c l e i s t o - hymenial , i n i t i a t e d by ascogon ia l c o i l s w i t h a v a r - i a b l e number o f c e l l s . I n spec ies w i t h few a s c i , one o r more c e l l s o f t h e ascogonium d i f f e r e n t i a t e i n t o a s c i . More numerous a s c i r e s u l t i n o t h e r spec ies f rom d i s t i n c t b ranch ing p a t t e r n s o f t h e ascogon ia l c o i l . A f i lamentous ascogenous system w i t h c r o z i e r s i s l a c k i n g . Asc i a r e m u l t i l a y e r e d , of a m o d i f i e d " b i t u n i c a t e " type, r u p t u r i n g i r r e g u l a r l y a t t h e apex a t spore l i b e r a t i o n . Paraphyses a r e p resen t i n a l l taxa.

I t i s suggested t h a t Thelebolus and t h e r e - s t r i c t e d f a m i l y Thelebolaceae should be t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e Loculoascomycetes, perhaps w i t h i n t h e D o t h i d i a l e s .

C31 T. SCOTT ABNEY* and THOMAS L. RICHARDS. U . S. Department of A g r i c u l t u r e , SEA and Department Botany and P l a n t P a t h o l o g y , Purdue U n i v e r s i t y , West L a f a y e t t e , I N 47907. V i r u l e n t I s o l a t e s of Cercospora k i k u c h i i from Seed c a u s e Leaf B l i g h t of soyb- idw west.

C e r c o s p o r a k i k u c h i i (Matsumoto 6 Tomoyasu) Gardner was i s o l a t e d from s e v e r e l v ~ u r ~ l e s t a i n e d sovbean < . . (Glyc!ne max (L . ) M e r r . ) s e e d produced i n two locations I n I n d i a n a i n 1978. V i r u l e n c e of t h e two i s o l a t e s , C4 and K4, and an i s o l a t e from I l l i n o i s was compared w i t h t h a t of t h r e e i s o l a t e s p r e v i o u s l y o b t a i n e d from soybean s e e d . The soybean c u l t i v a r s 'Hodgson ' , 'Amsoy 7 1 ' , ' W i l l i a m s ' , and ' P . I . 8 0 8 3 7 ' , r e p r e s e n t i n g v a r y i n g d e g r e e s of r e s i s t a n c e t o s e e d i n f e c t i o n , were i n o c u l a t e d w i t h each of t h e i s o l a t e s ( 1 . 7 x 105 c o n i d i a p e r ml H20) i n t h e f i e l d i n 1979. Leaf b l i g h t t y p i c a l t o t h a t d e s c r i b e d by W a l t e r s ( P h y t o p a t h News 1 2 ( 9 ) : 1 6 5 . 1978) i n Arkansas deve loped w i t h e q u a l s e v e r i t y on a l l f o u r soybean c u l t i v a r s when i n o c u l a t e d w i t h C4, K4, o r t h e I l l i n o i s i s o l a t e , bu t seed i n f e c t i o n v a r i e d from 90% i n Hodgson and Amsoy 71, t o 15% i n W i l l i a m s , t o l e s s t h a n 5% i n P . I .80837. The o t h e r t h r e e i s o l a t e s t e s t e d were c a p a b l e of i n f e c t i n g f o l i a g e and s e e d , b u t d i d n o t produce n o t i c e a b l e l e a f symptoms on any of t h e c u l t i v a r s o r c a u s e more t h a n 20% s e e d i n f e c t i o n i n Hodgson o r Amsoy 71 , t h e most s u s c e p t i b l e c u l t i v a r s t o p u r p l e s e e d s t a i n . Spore p r o d u c t i o n i n c u l t u r e v a r i e d among i s o l a t e s , b u t d i d n o t a p p e a r t o be r e l a t e d t o v i r u l e n c e .

G . R. A l i a g a s e e E l l z e y C52

C64 EDITH BACH ALLEN, Department of B i o l o g y , New Mexico S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Las C r u c e s , New Xexico 88003. E f f e c t s of V e s i c u l a r - A r b u s c u l a r Mycorrh izae on S a l t S t r e s s e d D i s t i c h l i s s p i c a t a .

P l a n t s from two p o p u l a t i o n s of t h e h a l o p h y t e D i s t i c h l i s s p i c a t a were grown i n s t e r i l e sand and i n s a n d i n o c u l a t e d w i t h Glomus f a s c i c u l a t u s and i r r i g a t e d w i t h 0 . 5 M o r 0 . 0 ?I NaC1. A f t e r 1 month t h e s a l t s t r e s s e d , non-mycorrh iza l i n d i v i d u a l s of Q. s p i c a t a from t h e i n l a n d popu- l a t i o n s e n e s c e d and s e v e r a l from t h e c o a s t a l p o p u l a t i o n had r o l l e d l e a v e s . The s a l t s t r e s s e d m y c o r r h i z a l p l a n t s of b o t h p o p u l a t i o n s appeared h e a l t h y . The p l a n t s were h a r v e s t e d and Na and K c o n c e n t r a t i o n s d e t e r m i n e d . C o n c e n t r a t i o n s of K were s i g n i f i c a n t l y h i g h e r i n r o o t s and l e a v e s o f m y c o r r h i z a l t h a n of non-mycorrh iza l p l a n t s i n b o t h t h e s a l t and no s a l t t r e a t m e n t s , b u t Na c o n c e n t r a t i o n s v a r i e d w i t h t r e a t m e n t . The r a t i o of K:Na was h i g h e r i n r o o t s of m y c o r r h i z a l p l a n t s of b o t h t r e a t m e n t s , and may b e i m p l i c a t e d i n t h e g r e a t e r s a l t t o l e r a n c e of m y c o r r h i z a l p l a n t s .

C28 MICHAEL F. ALLEN*, THOMAS S . MOORE, JR. , WILLIAM K. SMITH, MARTHA CHRISTENSEN, Dept. o f Botany, Univ of Wyoming, Laramie , WY 82071 The i n f l u e n c e o f VA m y c o r r h i z a e on e c o p h y s i o l o g i - c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and phytohormones of g- l o u a g r a c i l i s .

M y c o r r h i z a l i n f e c t i o n of Boute loua g r a c i l i s l e a d s t o more r a p i d s t o m a t a 1 r e s p o n s e s t o l i g h t i d a r k

c h a n g e s , reduced r e s i s t a n c e t o w a t e r movement t h r o u g h t h e s o i l - p l a n t - a t m o s p h e r i c continuum, i n - c r e a s e d r a t e s of p h o t o s y n t h e s i s , and i n c r e a s e d phosphate u p t a k e and u t i l i z a t i o n . Because of t h e known i n f l u e n c e of p h y t o h o m o n e s on e a c h of t h e s e phenomena, t h e l e v e l s o f g i b b e r e l l i n s , c y t o k i n i n s , a b s c i s i c a c i d , and i n d o l e a c e t i c a c i d i n VA mycor- r h i z a l - i n f e c t e d g . g r a c i l i s s e e d l i n g s were compnred t o u n i n f e c t e d c o n t r o l s . The s e e d l i n g s were grown i n a d e f i n e d , s t e r i l e medium, and t h e q u a n t i t i e s 3f t h e e x t r a c t e d hormones were e s t i m a t e d by a v a r i - e t y o f b i o l o g i c a l and p h y s i c a l a s s a y s . M y c o r r h i z a l p l a n t s c o n t a i n e d l e v e l s of g i b b e r e l l i n s s i g n i f i c a n - t l y h i g h e r t h a n c o n t r o l s i n b o t h t h e l e a v e s and r o o t s . A b s c i s i c a c i d was reduced i n l e a v e s bu t unchanged i n r o o t s . C y t o k i n i n l e v e l s were h i g h e r i n b o t h t h e s h o o t s and r o o t s . I n d o l e a c e t i c a c i d l e v e l s were e x t r e m e l y low w i t h b o t h i n f e c t e d and u n i n f e c t e d p l a n t s , s o no d i f f e r e n c e s c o u l d b e measured. Such mycorrhizae-induced a l t e r a t i o n s i n hormone l e v e l s c o u l d have profound s i g n i f i c a n c e f o r t h e metabol i sm and growth of t h e h o s t p l a n t .

Funded by t h e I n d u s t r i a l Fund of t h e Rocky Moun- t a i n I n s t i t u t e o f Energy and Environment and NSF g r a n t DEB 7825222.

JAMES P. AMON* and JOYCE A. CAST0 Department o f B i o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s Wright S t a t e Univ. , Dayton , OH 45435 U l t r a s t r u c t u r a l deve lopment of P h l y c t o c h y t r i u m s p . 71-1-E

The u l t r a s t r u c t u r e of a n e s t u a r i n e c h y t r i d , P h l y c t o c h y t r i u m s p . 71-1-E (Kazama, 1 9 7 2 ) , is d e s c r i b e d showing d e v e l o p m e n t a l s t a g e s f rom g e r m l i n g t o m a t u r e sporangium. Out- s t a n d i n g f e a t u r e s s u c h a s m i t o c h o n d r i a 1 s i z e and d i s t r i b u t i o n , w a l l t h i c k n e s s , mem- b r a n e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and o v e r a l l c e l l s i z e a r e n o t e d a t e a c h d e v e l o p m e n t a l s t a g e . Developmenta l t i m i n g i s shown t o b e con- s i d e r a b l y a f f e c t e d by v a r y i n g s a l i n i t y . C e l l s grown a t s u b o p t i m a l NaCl c o n c e n t r a - t i o n s m a t u r e and r e l e a s e z o o s p o r e s more q u i c k l y t h a n c e l l s grown u n d e r o p t i m a l NaCl c o n d i t i o n s . R h i z o i d s a r e d e s c r i b e d w i t h p a r t i c u l a r em- p h a s i s o n m i t o c h o n d r i a 1 d i s t r i b u t i o n w i t h - i n t h e r h i z o i d s and t h a l l u s . Zoospore deve lopment i n t h e m a t u r i n g sporangium i s shown f rom t h e a p p e a r a n c e of t h e l i p i d microbody complex t h r o u g h c o m p l e t e deve lopment of a r e c o g n i z a b l e rumposome. A c o m p a r i s o n i s made of t h e deve lopment o f P h l y c t o c h y - t r i u m s p . t o t h e e a r l i e r work by Kazama and r e c e n t o b s e r v a t i o n s by P o r t e r , u s i n g l i g h t and e l e c t r o n m i c r o g r a p h s .

JAMES P. AMON*and SANDRA C. HUGH Depar tment of B i o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s Wright S t a t e Univ . , Dayton, OH 45435 The E f f e c t o f D e x t r o s e o n Development o f P h l y c t o c h y t r i u m sp. 71-1-E Kazama

A s t u d y of development i n s y n c h r o n i z e d c u l t u r e s of P h l y c t o c h y t r i u m sp. 71-1-E shows t h a t d e x t r o s e c a n i n f l u e n c e t h e u l - t i m a t e s i z e of t h e sporangium and r e g u l a t e

t h e t ime t o complete t h e l i f e c y c l e . When c u l t u r e d on a de f ined medium w i t h 2 g / l g l u t a m i c a c i d a s a n i t r o g e n s o u r c e and lg/l of d e x t r o s e c e l l s develop from c y s t t o s p o r a n g i a r e l e a s i n g zoospores i n abou t 40 h. C u l t u r e s supplemented w i t h add i - t i o n a l d e x t r o s e ( 5 g / l ) a t 15 ,20 ,25 and 30 hour s i n t o t h e l i f e c y c l e produce l a r g e r s p o r a n g i a and t h o s e supplemented e a r l i e s t have t h e l o n g e s t d e l a y b e f o r e r e l e a s e of zoospores . It a p p e a r s t h a t d e x t r o s e e i t h e r l e a d s t o accumulat ion of a r ep re s - s o r of s p o r u l a t i o n o r t h a t i t s t i m u l a t e s v e g a t a t i v e growth which i n t u r n d e l a y s s p o r u l a t i o n .

C43 JAMES P. AMON*and SOON-PIN YE1 Department of B i o l o g i c a l Sc i ences Wright S t a t e Univ., Dayton, OH 45435 Compet i t ion between two s p e c i e s of Marine Phycomycetes

The r a t e of c o l o n i z i n g new p i n e p o l l e n g r a i n s was used t o measure compe t i t i on between e s t u a r i n e f u n g i Thraus tochytr ium s t r i a t u m and a Ph lyc tochy t r ium s p (Kazama, 1972) . I n s i n g l e s p e c i e s c u l t u r e bo th f u n g i co lon ized p o l l e n g r a i n s e q u a l l y w e l l b u t t h e t h r a u s t o c h y t r i d s grew from 5%. up t o 452, s a l i n i t y w i t h a n a p p a r e n t optimum of abou t 25%. and t h e Ph lyc tochy t r ium grew from 0.52, t o 45%, s a l i n i t y w i t h a n appar- e n t optimum a t 1 0 t o 15%,. I n s i n g l e s p e c i e s c u l t u r e l a r g e p o p u l a t i o n s of each cou ld develop i n a r a t h e r s h o r t t ime. I n mixed c u l t u r e Thraus tochytr ium s t r i a t u m dominated h i e h s a l i n i t i e s and S u ~ ~ r e S S e d .. . . t h e growth of Ph lyc tochy t r ium s p . t o a p o i n t below i t s p o t e n t i a l a s s een i n t h e s i n g l e s p e c i e s c u l t u r e . I n low s a l i n i t i e s Ph lyc tochy t r ium dominated X a u s t o c h y t r i u m i n t h e same manner. A t a b o u t 1 0 t o 20%. t h e growth r a t e s of each seemed t o be a b o u t e q u a l and p o p u l a t i o n s of each dev- e loped i n c o e x i s t a n c e on t h e p o l l e n g r a i n s . Although t h e e c o l o g i c a l i m p l i c a t i o n s a r e n o t t o t a l l y c l e a r i t may b e p o s s i b l e t o conc lude t h a t each s p e c i e s i s b e s t s u i t e d t o a s p e c i f i c e s t a u r i n e h a b i t a t and t h a t o v e r l a p between t h o s e h a b i t a t s may e x i s t .

C54 JEROME M. ARONSON, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Arizona S t a t e Un ive r s i t y , Tempe, AZ 85281. Composition of c e l l w a l l s of Minden ie l l a sp inospora Kanouse and o t h e r l ep tomi t a l ean fung i .

I s o l a t e d c e l l w a l l s of Mindenie l la sp inospora c o n t a i n 91.1% n e u t r a l g lycan. R-glucans account f o r 88.9% of w a l l d r y weight and a r e t h e main w a l l c o n s t i t u e n t s . The remaining 2.2% of t h e n e u t r a l g lycan i s composed of mannose (polymers) . Walls c o n t a i n 4 . 3 % p r o t e i n , b u t on ly 0.1% ( o r l e s s ) glucosamine. The h igh 6-glucan c o n t e n t is c o n s i s t e n t w i t h r e s u l t s ob ta ined p rev ious ly wi th o t h e r l ep tomi t a l ean s p e c i e s and wi th oomycetes i n g e n e r a l . The s m a l l glucosamine c o n t e n t and t h e l a c k of evidence of c h i t i n i n M. sp inospora w a l l s demonst ra tes t h a t t h i s s p e c i e s is s i m i l a r

3 3 t o p rev ious ly i n v e s t i g a t e d r h i p i d i a c e a n s p e c i e s which l ack c h i t i n and d i f f e r s from leptomitacean s p e c i e s which do have c h i t i n o u s w a l l s .

J. M. Aronson s e e Huizar C51

T. L. ARSUFFI* and K . SUBERKROPP, Department C14 of Biology, New Mexico S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Las Cruces, NM 88003. Trophic i n t e r a c t i o n s between a q u a t i c hyphomycetes and i n v e r t e b r a t e s i n a s t ream environment.

I n streams., deciduous l eaves which suppor t a r i c h popu la t ion of a q u a t i c hyphomycetes have been dem- o n s t r a t e d t o be an impor tant food source f o r many i n v e r t e b r a t e s . F u r t h e r , s p e c i e s of t hese fung i have been shown t o be fed upon d i f f e r e n t i a l l y by s t ream d e t r i t i v o r e s under l a b o r a t o r y cond i t i ons . Here we p re sen t r e s u l t s of f i e l d based e x p e r i - ments concerning the dynamics of t hese types of t r o p h i c i n t e r a c t i o n s i n a southwestern mountain s t ream. I n d i v i d u a l l y tagged l eaves of aspen . - - (Populus t remuloides) and oak (Quercus g a m b e l i i ) colonized w i t h d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s and combinations of a q u a t i c hyphomycetes were exposed t o n a t i v e popu la t ions of i n v e r t e b r a t e sh redde r s . Types of fung i d r a m a t i c a l l y a f f e c t e d the l o s s of l e a f m a t e r i a l by i n v e r t e b r a t e consumption. I n t e r - s p e c i f i c v a r i a t i o n i n t he macera t ing c a p a b i l i t i e s of a q u a t i c hyphomycetes sugges t s p o s s i b l e explan- a t i o n s f o r t hese p re fe rences . I n a d d i t i o n , t hese r e s u l t s po in t ou t t h e p o s s i b l e i n f luence of i n - v e r t e b r a t e s on t h e composit ion of funga l popu- l a t i o n s on l eaves i n s t reams.

KNAIDJ.S.BARR. AgridtureCanada,Ottawa, C6 Ontario K1A OC6, Canada. A Phlyctochytrium-type Zoospore; the possible progemtor Zor ttle Blastocladides.

The mspore of p. dichotcmnnn W e t t differs samht £ran other zoospores in the type 1 Phlyctochytrium mnplex and bears a resemblance to the blastocladiaceous zoospore even though it lacks a nuclear cap. It i s similar to the blastocladiaceous zoospore because: the nucleus i s posterior and one end l i e s close to the kinetosame; microtubules errerge from an electron-opaque point near the p r o M face of the k i n e t o m and run close dang the sides of the nucleus to the anterior of the zoospore; 1-5 mitochondria are i n the posterior and loosely associated with microbody and profiles of double m r a n e s ; and the nan-functional centriole usually l ies a t abu t 90" to the kinetom. &never, as in the type 1 Phlyctochytrium c q l e x : r i b s a w s are dispersed i n the cytoplasm; a golgi apparatus i s present; and lipid globules wh ich are in the anterior, are not mrphologically associated with mi-ndria.

W. E. Barstow s e e L ing le C39

C4 WILLIAM E. BARSTOW* and WILMA L . LINGLE. Botany Department, The U n i v e r s i t y o f Georgia , Athens, Georgia , 30602. E l e c t r o n Microscopy o f Sporangium Formation and Zoospore D i f f e r e n t i a t i o n i n Blas to- c l a d i e l l a b r i t t a n i c a .

The format ion o f t h in -wa l l ed zoosporangia and t h e i r subsequent d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n o f zoospores was followed by l i g h t and e l e c t r o n microscopy o f popu la t ions o f B.

and ornamenta t ion appear t o be good c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t o use i n d e f i n i n g gener ic l i m i t a t i o n s i n t h e Cory- n e l i a l e s . Transmission EM has shown t h a t the ascus w a l l i s s i m i l a r i n a l l o f t h e taxa observed. Obser- v a t i o n s o f 1 pm t h i c k sec t i ons by LM a l s o i n d i c a t e s t h a t s t romata l and ascocarp anatomy suppor t t h e c l a s s i c a l gene r i c concepts i n t he Corynel i a l e s proposed by F i t z p a t r i c k i n 1942.

Our r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e specimen from t h e Juan Fernandez I s l a n d s i s t h e ho lo t ype of a new monotypic genus.

- -

b r i t t a n i c a grown i n l i q u i d c u l t u r e . Zoospores w e r e G. L . Benny see Samuelson C38 innocu la t ed i n t o 1 l i t e r o f PYG b r o t h i n a water - j a c k e t e d , s p i n n e r f l a s k and were grown i n cont inuous whi te l i g h t a t 24OC. A f t e r 35 h o f growth, t h e PYG

DONALD A . BETTERLEY. Department of Botany, Uni- C48

medium was r ep l aced wi th a d i l u t e s a l t s s o l u t i o n t o v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a , Berkeley , CA 94720. Re-

induce spo rogenes i s . Samples were removed f o r l i g h t p roduc t ive c y c l e s and g e n e t i c and isozymal v a r i a -

and e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o ~ i c examinat ion a t 4 h i n t e r v a l s t i o n s i n Didymium (Myxomycetes) .

up t o t h e t ime o f t h e medium s h i f t and each 0.5 h Re la t ionsh ips between i s o l a t e s of Didymium i r i d i s t h e r e a f t e r u n t i l zoospore d i s c h a r g e 6 h l a t e r . The (Ditmar) F r i e s have been compared us ing r ep roduc t ive sequence o f i n t r a c e l l u l a r t r a n s i t i o n s was e s t ima ted system, plasmodia1 isozymes and somat ic incompat ib i l - from t h i n s e c t i o n s prepared a t each sample t ime. The i t y . Twelve of 44 i s o l a t e s a r e h e t e r o t h a l l i c and 32 u l t r a s t r u c t u r e o f t h e developing t h a l l u s and sporan- a r e non-he t e ro tha l l i c . Among the h e t e r o t h a l l i c i so - gium is s i m i l a r t o t h a t o f B. emersoni i . Tubular l a t e s t h e r e a r e fou r syngens, o r b reed ing groups , smooth membranes 45 nm d iame te r a r o s e du r ing t h a l l u s which a r e not capable of i n t e r b r e e d i n g . The major development but d i sappea red du r ing sporangium forma- group c o n s i s t s of 9 i s o l a t e s d i s p l a y i n g a 1- locus , t i o n a t t h e end o f t h e growth phase . Ind iv idua l m u l t i p l e a l l e l i c mating system. Plasmodia1 i s o - t u b u l a r smooth membranes showed connect ions wi th zymes f o r e s t e r a s e s , a c i d phosphatase , GOT, G6PDH, e lements of rough ER be fo re d i sappea r ing . Sphe r i ca l MDH, LAP and phenoloxidase i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e r e i s e l e c t r o n opaque p r o g e n i t o r s o f y p a r t i c l e s ca . 61 nm l i t t l e g e n e t i c d ive rgence among these i n t e r f e r t i l e d i ame te r appeared w i t h i n c i s t e r n a e o f rough ER soon i s o l a t e s . I s o l a t e s i n t h e o t h e r syngens have d i s - a f t e r t h e i nduc t ion o f sporangium format ion. During t i n c t isozyme p a t t e r n s and each i s o l a t e d i s p l a y s 2 t h e l a s t s t a g e s of zoospore d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n t h e p r e - mating type a l l e l e s . Enzyme polymorphism f o r non- c u r s o r s formed t h e ca . 250 nm d iame te r , s p h e r i c a l , h e t e r o t h a l l i c i s o l a t e s i n d i c a t e s g r e a t e r d ive rgence membrane-bound y bod ie s . The main even t s o f zoospore between i s o l a t e s and t h a t i n n a t u r e t h e r e a r e numer- d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n began wi th f l a g e l l a format ion and ous g e n e t i c a l l y d i s t i n c t and r ep roduc t ive ly i s o l a t e d c l eavage , which was qu ick ly followed by n u c l e a r cap popu la t ions . Plasmodia from d i f f e r e n t non-hetero- format ion, y p a r t i c l e format ion and format ion o f t h e t h a l l i c i s o l a t e s a r e incompat ib le , and i n most c a s e s l ip id-microbody complex. a l l plasmodia der ived from a s i n g l e non-heterothal -

l i c i s o l a t e a r e compat ib le , and no enzvme polvmor- . phism i s found. However, i n one n o n - h e t e r o t h a l l i c

S. Bar tn icki -Garc ia s e e L. L. Davis C27 i s o l a t e from C a l i f o r n i a , d i f f e r e n t plasmodia1 f u s i o n c l a s s e s and a l s o enzyme v a r i a n t s have been found.

C36 GERALD L. BENNY*, DON A. SAII1UELSON, AND JAMES W. The predominance of a sexua l , non -he t e ro tha l l i c i so - KIMBROUGH, Department o f Botany, U n i v e r s i t y of l a t e s from sampling so f a r i n North America sugges t s

F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e , F l o r i d a 32611. t h a t t hese may have an adap t ive advantage over he t - e r o t h a l l i c forms. The g r e a t e s t amount of gene t i c

Rev is iona ry Stud ies i n t h e C o r y n e l i a l e s v a r i a t i o n f o r t h e s p e c i e s is found h e r e , and p re l imi - The C o r y n e l i a l e s a r e s t roma t i c , o b l i g a t e p a r a s i t e s na ry experiments show t h a t a t l e a s t some c lones i n

o f p l a n t s , ma in l y i n t h e t r o p i c s and subtropic-. One "0"-heterothal l ic i s o l a t e s a r e capable of forming up genus, C a l i c i o p s i s , i s found i n t he n o r t h e r n U n i t e d t o 500 t imes a s many plasmodia a s h e t e r o t h a l l i c i s o -

S t a t e s and Canada as a cause o f cankers on con i f e r s . l a t e s Per equ iva l en t popu la t ion of amoebae i n c ~ l t u r e . We began t h i s s tudy i n o r d e r t o determine t h e taxonomic s t a t u s of an undescr ibed member o f t h e Coryne l - i a l e s found on t h e f r u i t s o f Drymis c o n f e r t i f o l i a CANDACE L. BLACK and ROBERT C. EVANS*. C30 P h i l . c o l l e c t e d on t h e Juan Fernandez I s l ands , o f f B io logy Department, Rutgers U n i v e r s i t y , t h e west coas t o f Ch i l e . Camden, N.J. 08102 - The e f f e c t s o f n i t r o g e n

Th i s new taxon was compared w i t h herbar ium mater - n u t r i t i o n on s p o r u l a t i o n , growth, and i a l , e s p e c i a l l y t h a t p resen t i n t h e F i t z p a t r i c k c o l l - po lypheno lox idase a c t i v i t y i n B i p o l a r i s e c t i o n o f t h e Corynel i a l e s a t Co rne l l U n i v e r s i t y . A l l maydis, r ace T. o f these taxa were compared u s i n g l i g h t microscopy (LM), SEM, and TEM. M a t e r i a l examined w i t h TEM, and The e f f e c t o f n i t r o g e n as s u p p l i e d by 23 amino sec t i oned 1 pm t h i c k f o r LM, was softened i n KOH, ac ids and 3 i n o r g a n i c sources was determined by washed i n d i s t i l l e d water , and f i x e d a t room temper- c u l t u r i n g t h e fungus on basa l agar medium con- a t u r e i n & s t r e n g t h Karnovsky, p o s t - f i x e d i n 1% OsO4, t a i n i n g a t o t a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f 1 g N/1 . dehydra ted i n a graded ehtano l se r i es , and embedded Spo ru la t i on , l i n e a r ex tens ion, and d r y we igh t i n S p u r r ' s r e s i n . Herbar ium m a t e r i a l was observed were h i g h w i t h g l u , g l y , p ro , asp, asn, a l a , w i t h an ETEC Omniscan scanning e l e c t r o n microscope. 4 - a l a , c i t , and Y- amino b u t y r i c ac id ; medium

Observat ions made w i t h t h e SEM i n d i c a t e t h a t asco- w i t h v a l , l y s , g l n , t h r , ser , phe, h i s , o rn , ca rp morphology, e s p e c i a l l y those m o d i f i c a t i o n s r e l a - and NaN03; and low w i t h l e u , met, arg, t r p , i l e , t e d t o ascospore re lease , and ascospore morphology and NH4C1. Cys te ine and NaN02 produced very

l i t t l e growth . A d d i t i o n o f xy lose t o t h e medium inc reased spore p r o d u c t i o n w i t h 6 - a l a , a l a , g l y , t r p , l e u , p ro , s e r , g l u , and 'd-amino b u t y r i c a c i d . A l though t h e da ta on po lypheno lox idase a c t i v i t y v a r i e d , i n genera l t h e n i t r o g e n sources t h a t s t i m u l a t e d spore p r o d u c t i o n showed t h e h i g h e s t a c t i v i t y , wh ich decreased i n xy lose supplemented medi um. I n a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e sample o f 7 amino a c i d s , growth and s p o r u l a t i o n genera l - l y were depressed a t 0.2 and 0.4 g N/1. The e f f e c t o f b u f f e r i n g t h e growth medium i n t h e range o f pH 5.5 t o 7.0 v a r i e d depending on t h e n i t r o g e n source.

(212 MEREDITH BLACKWELL a n d R . L . GILBERTSON, Depa r tmen t of Biology, Hope Col lege , Hol land, MI 49423 a n d Depa r tmen t of P l an t Pa tho logy , U n i v e r s i t y of Ar i zona , T u c s o n , AZ 85721. D i s t r i bu t ion of Myxomycetes in Vegeta t ion Zones of S o u t h e r n Ar i zona .

S o u t h e r n Arizona i s a n ecologically a n d f lor is t ica l ly d i v e r s e a r e a wi th e l eva t ions r a n g i n g from n e a r s e a l eve l t o o v e r 10,000 f e e t (3 ,100 m e t e r s ) . Vegeta- t ional t y p e s in which Myxomycetes h a v e b e e n collect- e d inc lude S o n o r a n D e s e r t , D e s e r t G r a s s l a n d , C a n y o n Woodland, O a k Woodland, P inyon- Jun ipe r Woodland, Ponde rosa Pine F o r e s t , Douglas F i r F o r e s t , a n d Spruce -F i r F o r e s t . T h e s e vege ta t iona l t y p e s e x c e p t S p r u c e - F i r F o r e s t a r e r ead i ly access i - b l e wi th in a n h o u r ' s d r i v e be tween T u c s o n a n d t h e S a n t a Cata l ina a n d S a n t a Ri ta Mounta ins a n d s u r - r o u n d i n g d e s e r t a r e a s . S p r u c e - F i r F o r e s t s o c c u r in t h e Pinaleno a n d Ch i r i cahua Mounta ins wi th in 150 miles of T u c s o n . Mild w i n t e r t e m p e r a t u r e s a t lower e levat ions combined wi th a w in t e r r a i n y season r e s u l t in f r u i t i n g of some Myxomycetes. At h i g h e r e l eva t ions a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c complex of a lp ine Myxomy- c e t e s deve lops in associa t ion wi th mel t ing snowbanks in t h e s p r i n g . A summer r a i n y season in J u l y a n d A u g u s t p r o d u c e s s t i l l a n o t h e r f r u i t i n g of Myxomy- c e t e s in a l l of t h e vege ta t iona l z o n e s .

C22 H. H. BURDSALL, J R . , Center f o r Fo res t Mycology Research, F o r e s t Products Labora tory , P.O. Box 5130, Madison, W I 53705. More d i s c u s s i o n about Phanerochaete a r y s o s p o r i u m anamorphs.

Phanerochaete chrysospor ium Burds. was desc r ibed i n 1975 wi th Chrysosporium pruinosum Gilman & Abbot a s i t s anamorph. S ince then t h e r e has been s u b s t a n t i a l d isagreement on t h e a p p l i c a t i o n of t h e name C. pruinosum. S t a l p e r s (1978) i n d i c a t e s t h a t C . pruinosum i s a North American s p e c i e s w h i l e a - -- s i m i l a r fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum is found i n Europe. S. pulverulentum was t r e a t e d by Burdsal l a s a p robab le synonym of C. pruinosum. F r u i t i n g i n c u l t u r e , of a European i s o l a t e a s w e l l a s o t h e r c u l t u r a l and p h y s i o l o g i c a l d a t a i n d i c a t e t h e European _ r g o r o t r i c h l x d e f i n i t e l y r e p r e s e n t s t h e anamorph of P . chrysosporium. The q u e s t i o n of whether CJh~ysosporium pruinosum i s c o n s p e c i f i c w i th Sporotrichum p u l v e r u l e n t ~ i s a l s o add res sed .

H. H. B u r d s a l l , J r . s ee Nakasone C23

H a r r i e t A. Burge,* William R. Solomon, and Michael L. Muilenberg. Un ive r s i t y of Michigan Medical ~ 4 9 School, Ann Arbor, M I . 48109. Aeroal lergen exposure r i s k s imposed by indoor p l a n t growth.

That house p l a n t s might f o s t e r exposure t o p o l l e n s , house d u s t , i n s e c t p a r t s o r f u n g i i s p l a u s i b l e . S ince t h e i r a c t u a l e f f e c t s on a l l e r g e n l e v e l s a r e obscure , we have s t u d i e d homes w i t h 10 o r more p l a n t s i n one room a s w e l l a s 3 s e p a r a t e U of M greenhouses. A DC- powered ro to rod (RR) and an Andersen ( v i a b l e ) sampler (AV) were exposed a t each s i t e . Sequen t i a l 30 s e c ( incubated a t 23'C) and 60 s e c (50°C incuba t ion ) AV samples were ob ta ined du r ing 15 min RR c o l l e c t i o n s be fo re and du r ing wa te r ing of p l a n t s . A t h i r d sample s e t was ob ta ined whi le a sma l l f a n ope ra t ed nea r f o l i a g e .

R e l a t i v e humidity averaged 51% i n homes, 78% i n greenhouses. Thermophiles, r each ing low t o moderate l e v e l s a t a l l s i t e s , were no t i nc reased by wa te r ing o r t h e f an . Aspe rg i l l u s was r a r e l y i s o l a t e d i n homes wh i l e Cladosporium and P e n i c i l l i u m s p e c i e s dominated AV c o l l e c t i o n s . Watering and t h e f an inc reased w- c i l l i u m r e c o v e r i e s b u t no o t h e r AV o r RR t a x a . Watering greenhouse p l a n t e r s markedly inc reased r e - c o v e r i e s of A s p e r g i l l u s , Erysiphe and B o t r y t i s . Botryosporium, Doratomyces, and Stachybotrys were recovered wi th unexpected f requency. P o l l e n l e v e l s i nc reased a t t imes w i t h d i r e c t d i s tu rbance ; i n s e c t emanations were never prominent.

These f i n d i n g s d e p i c t und i s tu rbed house p l a n t s a s minor o r n u l l f a c t o r s i n f avo r ing a e r o a l l e r g e n pre- va l ence indoors . However, e s p e c i a l l y i n greenhouses , p l a n t i n g s ha rbo r abundant fungus growth which may become a i r b o r n e when a g i t a t e d d i r e c t l y .

J . A. Casto s e e Amon C40

D.S. CHAHAL*, I o t e c h Corpora t ion L t d . , 220 C61 L a u r i e r Ave. W . , S u i t e 705, Ottawa, On ta r io , Canada KIP 529 and M. MOO-YOITNG, Dept. o f Chemical Engineer ing, U n i v e r s i t y of Waterloo, Waterloo, O n t a r i o , Canada N2L 3G1 Growth C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of Chaetomium c e l l u l o l y - ticum i n So l id -S ta t e Fermenta t ion f o r Upgrading Feed Values of Wheat Straw.

So l id -S ta t e f e rmen ta t ion , u n l i k e t h a t of s l u r r y - s t a t e , r e q u i r e s no complex f e rmen ta t ion c o n t r o l s and t h i s method i s now be ing used f o r upgrading t h e f eed v a l u e s of a g r i c u l t u r a l waste m a t e r i a l s . S o l i d - s t a t e f e rmen ta t ion has i t s o m l i m i t a t i o n s because a few microorganisms can grow under such cond i t i ons . Thus cho ice of microorganisms i s l i m i t e d t o t h e f i lamen- t o u s f u n g i which t y p i c a l l y grow on s o l i d s u b s t r a t e s i n n a t u r e . Chaetomium c e l l u l o l y t i c u m , known t o be good s i n g l e - c e l l p r o t e i n producer i n s l u r r y - s t a t e , proved t o be t h e b e s t organism f o r upgrading t h e feed v a l u e s of wheat s t r aw i n s o l i d - s t a t e fermenta- t i o n . It grew p ro fuse ly on t h e s u r f a c e , i n t e r - c e l l u l a r , and i n t r a - c e l l u l a r spaces of t h e a l k a l i - t r e a t e d wheat s t r aw . Microscopic examinat ion ind i - ca t ed t h a t t h e hyphae e n t e r e d i n t o c e l l lumin through n a t u r a l openings , mechanical b r e a k s , o r spaces ( c r e a t e d by s o l u b i l i z a t i o n of hemice l lu loses and l i g n i n du r ing a l k a l i - t r e a t m e n t ) i n c e l l w a l l . Once i n s i d e t h e c e l l lumen t h e hypha d i g e s t e d t h e c e l l w a l l s t a r t i n g from i n s i d e towards o u t s i d e . U l t ima te ly t h e mycellium i s r e l e a s e d a f t e r u t i l i z a - t i o n of c e l l w a l l . Because of good i n t r u s i o n power

of hyphae of C, c e l l u l o l y t i c u m i t pene t r a t ed deep i n t o t h e s u b s t r a t e f o r i t s convers ion i n t o funga l biomass. The p r o t e i n v a l u e s of wheat s t r aw was inc reased from 3.6 t o 20% w i t h i n 4-6 days of f e rmen ta t ion . These a r e t h e h i g h e s t p r o t e i n va lues eve r achieved by any o t h e r organism s o f a r .

M. Chr i s t ensen s e e Al l en C28

C46 JIM CLARK. School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ken- tucky 40506. Genetics and Cytology of In- compatibility and Aging in Phaneroplasmo- dia.

Although it was once thought that plasmodial fusion could be used as a criterion in de- limitating species or physiological races within a species, we now know that only closely related individuals are fusion com- patible. In the phaneroplasmodial species studied to date plasmodia1 compatibility is controlled by a polygenic system (with dominant/recessive alleles) and two plasmodia must be phenotypically identical at all loci in order for fusion to occur. Therefore, plasmodial heterokaryons can have no major role in interisolate hybridization. Aging of the plasmodia stage, in which a determinate lifespan is terminated by a senescent phase, has been found in several heterothallic species. Some recent information suggest that the timing of this senescence is related to the necessity of sporulation during an ecologically favorable period.

C24 JIM D. CLARK and TIMOTHY J. LOTT* T.H.Morgan School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lex. Ky. 40506. Characterization of Senescence in the Myxomycete, Didymium iridis.

Prolonged vegetative growth of D. iridis plasmodia results in an eventual loss of culture viability, termed senescence. There appears to be a close correlation between this phenomenon and fruiting body formation. Enzyme specific activity profiles of senescent cultures resemble those undergoing starvation induced sporulation. Growth on different nutrient sources results in an increased percentage of cultures sporulating instead of aging. Multiple subdivisions of a single plasmodium sporulate at a high frequency if the parent culture undergoes sporulation inatead of senescence. This evidence suggests that senescence may be an out- come, under certain conditions, of an internal trigger mechanism for sporulation.

C44 O'NEIL R. COLLINS, Department of Botany, Univer- s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , Berkeley , CA 94720. Reproduc- t i v e c y c l e s and evo lu t iona ry r e l a t i o n s h i p s .

Myxomycetes a r e a sma l l r e l a t i v e l y homogeneous c l a s s of eukaryotes whose l i f e c y c l e s a r e b a s i c a l l y a l i k e i n a l l s p e c i e s . Sporophores a r e produced and

spo res from these germinate by r e l e a s i n g amoeboflag- e l l a t e s . These g ive r i s e t o plasmodia which produce more sporophores. Moreover, appa ren t ly a l l h e t e r o t h a l l i c forms i n d i v e r s e t a x a d i s p l a y the same one-locus, m u l t i p l e a l l e l i c mating system, s o i t i s assumed t h a t t hey had a common ances to r which e x i s t e d before d ivergence of e x t a n t t axa . A mating system i s known t o e x i s t i n 14 of 36 s p e c i e s s tud- i e d , and i n 7 of t he 14 f o r which h e t e r o t h a l l i s m has been demonst ra ted , n o n - h e t e r o t h a l l i c e n t i t i e s a r e a l s o known. F u r t h e r , i n some s p e c i e s he t e ro - t h a l l i s m and non-heterothal l i sm appear t o be n e a r l y e q u a l l y r ep re sen ted . This informat i on sugges t s a c l o s e evo lu t iona ry r e l a t i o n s h i p between r ep roduc t ive modes, one which lends i t s e l f t o l a b o r a t o r y expe r i - menta t ion on d e r i v a t i o n of one from t h e o t h e r a s w e l l a s t o ' i n v e s t i g a t i o n s on t h e r o l e s of reproduc- t i v e cyc l e s i n s p e c i a t i o n and d i v e r s i f i c a t i o n . Re- c e n t evidence sugges t s t h a t perhaps i n n a t u r e Myxo- mycetes a r e e i t h e r h e t e r o t h a l l i c o r apomict ic , and only r a r e l y o r never homothal l ic . He te ro tha l l i sm i s viewed a s t h e a n c e s t r a l s t a t e , w i t h apomixis having been r epea t ed ly de r ived .

F i n a l l y , i n f e r e n c e s can be drawn from c o r r e l a - t i o n s between modes of r ep roduc t ion and o t h e r r e l e - van t f e a t u r e s . These permi t c o n s t r u c t i o n of non- t r a d i t i o n a l phylogenet ic schemes which should st imu- l a t e r e sea rch on t h e Myxomycetes, e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e developing f i e l d o f myxomycete b iosys t ema t i c s .

D. L. Crawford see Suther land C32

F. S. Davies s e e Jacobs C42

L. L. DAVIS* and S . BARTNICKI-GARCIA. Un ive r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a , R i v e r s i d e , CA. 92521. C27 The S t r u c t u r e and B iosyn thes i s of Chi tosan from Mucor r o u x i i . - - -

Chitosan i s t h e most abundant polymer i n v e g e t a t i v e c e l l w a l l s o f Mucor r o u x i i , y e t s t u d i e s on i t s s t r u c t u r e and b i o s y n t h e s i s have been l e s s e x t e n s i v e than those on c h i t i n . The s t r u c t u r e of c h i t o s a n was examined w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e p r e s e n c e and p ropor t ion of a c e t y l a t e d sugar r e s i d u e s . Cu l tu re s of M. r o u x i i we re amended w i t h [ 1 4 ~ ] ~ l c ~ ~ c and G ~ C N - [ ~ H ] A C . C e l l w a l l s were prepared and c h i t o - s a n was e x t r a c t e d w i t h h o t 1 M a c e t i c a c i d . The 3 ~ / 1 4 ~ r a t i o i n d i c a t e d t h a t c h i t o s a n from M. r o u x i i i s a heteropolymer of GlcN w i t h ca . 25-30% GlcNAc re s idues . The b i o s y n t h e s i s of c h i t o s a n was s t u d i e d i n v i t r o by comparing i n c o r p o r a t i o n of r a d i o a c t i v i t y -- f rom U D P - [ ~ ~ C ] G ~ C N A C and U D P - G ~ ~ N - [ ~ ~ C ] A C i n t o polymers. A p a r t i a l l y a c e t y l a t e d polymer wi th t h e s o l u b i l i t y p r o p e r t i e s of c h i t o s a n was syn thes i zed i n i ncuba t ion mixtures con ta in ing two crude enzymatic f r a c t i o n s ; a d i g i t o n i n e x t r a c t of c e l l w a l l s , and a 54,000 x g supe rna t an t of an 85% ammonium s u l f a t e p r e c i p i t a t e prepared from t h e c e l l f r e e e x t r a c t . Each i n d i v i d u a l enzymatic f r a c t i o n had n e g l i g i b l e c h i t o s a n syn thes i z ing a c t i v i t y . P re l imina ry ev i - dence sugges t s t h e s imul taneous p a r t i c i p a t i o n of deace ty l a se and g lycosy l t r a n s f e r a s e a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e b i o s y n t h e s i s o f c h i t o s a n .

A. J. Domnas see Graham C60, Warner C26

C3 DAVID W. DORWARD* and MARTHA J. POWELL, Dept. of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056. - An ultrastructural comparison of Chytriomyces aureus and C. hyalinus: Evaluation of ultrastructural features as taxonomic characters.

Since classic morphological characters of Chytrid- iomycetes are often variable, an attempt is made to establish stable ultrastructural characters which may be taxonomically important. To identify possible features in sporangia and zoospores, the development of two closely related species, Chytriomyces aureus and C. hyalinus, were compared from an electron microscopic study. Several developmental processes, structures, and organellar arrangements were identical in these two chytrids. The septum separating the sporangium and apophysis was dome- shaped and traversed by plasmodesmata. The Golgi apparatus was distinct and included in its development stages in which cisternae were concentric and in which the peripheral cisterna was regularly fenestrated. Microbodies had elongate profiles and were associated with bands of microtubules. Mitosis was centric with a polarly fenestrated nuclear envelope. Zoospores contained ribosomal aggregates and type 1B microbody-lipid globule complexes. A fenestrated cup-shaped microbody intercalated between the nucleus and the lipid globule, and a rumposome associated with microtubules was appressed to the lipid globule's outer face. Zoospores also contained a paracrystalline inclusion. The flagellar apparatus included an electron dense core posterior to the basal body and electron dense plates associated with the anterior end of the basal body. These zoosporic and sporan- gial features should be considered in other ultrastructural studies of Chytridiomycetes to determine their stability and reliability as possible taxonomic characters.

C62 WENDY R. DUNCAN AND D. TeSTRAKE WAGNER-MERNER Biology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, E'L 33620. Occurrence of Thraustochytriaceae in the Guts of Florida Echinoids (Echinodermata)

The gut contents of nearly all species of echinoids from Florida were surveyed for the presence of Thraustochytriaceae by the pollen baiting techniques. Results from present studies reveal differences in the occurrence of these fungi within both regular and irregular echinoids. The possible significance and nutritional role of these occurrences is discussed.

C56 GERLIND EGER-HUMMEL and SUI-FONG LI I n s t . Pharmaceu t ica l T e ~ h n o l o g y ~ U n i v e r s i t y , Ketzerbach 63, D-355 Marburg C o n t r o l of d i k a r y o t i c f r u i t i n g by environmen t a l and g e n e t i c f a c t o r s i n P l e u r o t u s o s t r e - a t u s - Recen t ly monokaryotic f r u i t i n g i n Basidiomy- c e t e s was i n v e s t i g a t e d by E s s e r & a l . , Leon- a r d & a l . and Ishikawa & a l . I t can o c c u r " spon taneous ly" o r be induced by environmen-

t a l f a c t o r s . I n P. o s t r e a t u s c e r t a i n monoka- ryons produce p r imord ia , b u t sporophores a r e o n l y o b t a i n e d i n d ika ryons . D i k a r y o t i c f r u i t i n g i n P. o s t r e a t u s was s t u - d i e d i n d e t a i l d u r i n g t h e p a s t decade. F i v e developmental s t a g e s can be d i s t i n g u i s h e d which a r e b l u e - l i g h t dependent.Each is re- g u l a t e d by an unknown number o f genes . A l l s t a g e s depend on t h e f u n c t i o n of a s i n g l e f a c t o r which is now known t o e x i s t a s a t e m - p e r a t u r e t o l e r a n t F t and a t empera tu re sen- s i t i v e a l l e l f t . F t is found i n s t r a i n s from F l o r i d a and a l l o w s f r u i t i n g i n t h e range o f a few C above z e r o t o abou t 30 c (32.5 C i n a s e l e c t e d d i k a r y o n ) , w h i l e s t f t l i m i t s f r u i - t i n g t o t e m p e r a t u r e s below 15 C. The l a t t e r is o p e r a t i n g i n European s o c a l l e d "low t e m - p e r a t u r e " s t r a i n s . The F t / f t f a c t o r may be a r e g u l a t o r gene o r a s t r u c t u r a l gene cod ing f o r a p r o t e i n which is mandatory f o r t h e whole f r u i t i n g p rocess .

JOANNE T. ELLZEY* AND GEORGE R. ALIAGA. C52 U l t r a s t r u c t u r e Labora to ry , B i o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s , U n i v e r s i t y of Texas a t E l Paso, E l Paso, TX. 79968. U l t r a s t r u c t u r a l and c y t o c h & i c a l o b s e r v a t i o n s of Achlya r e - curva .

~ y ~ h a e , o o ~ o n i a and o o s p h e r e s of Achlya recurva have been examined by t r a n s m l s s l o n e- l e c t r o n microscopy f o r a c i d phospha tase and a l k a l i n e phospha tase d i s t r i b u t i o n u t i l i z i n g t h e Barka-Anderson m o d i f i c a t i o n o f t h e Go- mori r e a c t i o n . Sodium f l u o r i d e and levam- i s o l e were used a s i n h i b i t o r s . Heavy aon- c e n t r a t i o n s of a c i d phospha tase have been l o c a l i z e d i n t h e Golg i a p p a r a t u s , " f i n g e r - p r i n t " vacuo les and lysosomes. A l k a l i n e phosphatase was p r i m a r i l y l o c a l i z e d i n t h e o u t e r w a l l o f t h e oogonium and hyphae. A bromine f i x a t i o n was used t o demons t ra te u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l l y t h e a r e a s o f l i p i d . The u n s a t u r a t e d l i p i d s were brominated and t h u s appeared e l e c t r o n - t r a n s p a r e n t i n t h e p re - sence of O s 0 4 . " F i n g e r p r i n t " v a c u o l e s had o s m i o p h i l i c c e n t e r s i n t h e p resence of bromine.

R. C. Evans see Black C30; Stempen C1

T. E. Evans see Mulleavy C57

STANLEY L. FLEGLER,* GARY R. HOOPER. Pesticide (211 Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. Ultrastructure and development of Mutinus caninus and the occurrence of an eight-spored Basidium.

Mutinus caninus fruit bodies were grown in the laboratory on a special nutrient supplemented straw medium. Fruit bodies were cryosectioned, fixed, dehydrated, critical point dried, and observed using scanning electron microscopy and photography. Young fruit bodies were differentiated into a peridium and an inner core from which the gleba and pseudostem differentiated. A gelatinous layer developed between the peridium and inner core and gradually increased in thickness during fruit body

development. Hymenial differentiation began as a cluster of indistinct chambers. Pseudostem formation occurred after hymenial differentiation. Eight basidiospores were produced on each basidium. The significance and occurrence of the rarely reported eight-spored basidium is not understood. Numerous cells, formed in folds in the wall of the pseudostem early in development, increased in size as development proceeded. Their expansion apparently caused the elongation of the pseudostem.

C63 ROBERT FOGEL, University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Mycorrhizae and Nutrient Cycling in Forest Ecosystems.

The widespread occurrence of mycorrhizae in nature and their importance in the mineral nutrition of almost all plants has been extensively documented. Despite this massive documentation, mycorrhizae have not been included in nutrient cycling studies of forest ecosystems.

Recent studies have shown that the majority of organic input to the decomposition process results from fine root production. Fine root mortality and decomposition is also more important than other mechanisms for returning nitrogen immobilized in vegetation to the soil in both deciduous and coni- ferous forests. Mycorrhizae may or may not be included in these data due to the arbitrary classi- fications of roots by diameter rather than function. A recently completed study indicates that mycorrhizae account for 50% of the annual biomass throughput and for 42% of the nitrogen released annually in a Douglas fir ecosystem. These trans- fers are 5 times larger than the releases from litterfall or litter decomposition.

L. Frederick see Jones C37

C55R. V. Gessner* and W. G. Sunda. Dept. of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455 and National Marine Fisheries Service, South- east Fisheries Center, Beaufort, NC 28516 Copper Chelation by the Extracellular Products of Marine Fungi

Extracellular products of 9 of 12 species of fungi isolated from marine habitats contained strong copper complexing ligands. Fungi were grown in defined media and the chelation of copper determined for filtrates using CuS04 and a cupric ion-selective electrode to measure cupric activity. Most filtrates appeared to contain mixtures of two or more ligands. Buergenerula spartinae, Pleospora pelagica, Curvularia sp. and Rhodosporidium sphaerocar urn produced potent extracellular chelators withPconditional stability constants near 1012 at pH 7. Other filtrates with chelator activity were 109-10l0. No relationship between chelator production and taxonomic group was observed. Com- plexation increased with increasing pH for filtrates of g. spartinae; a characteristic of chelators with acidic functional groups. Conditional stability constants for the fungal chelators are similar to those reported for blue-green algae which produce hydroxamic acids. Filtrates of Dendryphiella salina were tested and our results suggest that. at least, for this fungus, the chelators are not hydrox-

ymates. Conditional stability constants of the fungal extracellular products are in the range of those reported from estuarine water, seawater, and marine sediments. Fungi, therefore, could be important sources of chelators which may lower the toxicity of heavy metals, regulate the speciation of copper and have a controlling influence on the biological availability and geochemical behavior of copper in marine systems.

R. L. Gilbertson see Blackwell C12

MARK S. GRAHAM, STEVEN A. WARNER,* A. J. DOMNAS C60 Dept. of Botany, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514. G. SOVOCOOL. Analytical Chemistry Branch, Environmental Toxico- logy Division, Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S.EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711 Fate of Hydrocarbons in Two Species of Lagenidium.

The hydrocarbon compositions of Lagenidium m- teum (Couch) and Lagenidium callinectes (Couch) were analyzed. Fungi were grown for seven days on liquidshake culture in defined medium (Piachlis) at room temperature. The mycelia were collected and extracted with 2:l chloroform/methanol. The extracts were fractionated into lipid classes on silicic acid and 7% hydrated florisil columns, followed by analysis for the hydrocarbons by GC-MS. Typical contaminants such as dioctyl phthalate were found as well as hydrocarbons. It was necessary to revise these methods so as to eliminate the artifacts, including such precautions as using acid-washed, baked glassware and HPLC-grade sol- vents. Requisite controls were run after this method revision to ensure that results were authentic. Heneicosane and octacosane (0.01 mg/ml) were added to the defined media, and were "taken up" by L. giganteum and L. callinectes, or at least absorbed to the surface of the fungi. No indication was obtained to show that hydrocarbons were utilized by the fungi to synthesize additional hydrocarbons, as verified by addition of either radiolabelled glucose or hexadecane to the defined media. The two species yielded identical results. When radiolabelled hexadecane was added, it was recovered apparently unchanged in the fungal extracts. When radiolabelled glucose was added, no radiolabelled hydrocarbons were present in the fungal extracts, indicating a lack of hydrocarbon synthesis by the fungi via glucose.

M. GUNASEKARAN. Department of Infectious Diseases, C59 St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101. Production of Aflatoxin by pathogenic Aspergillus flavus isolated from a cancer patient.

A ~athogenic strain of Aspergillus flavus, recently isolated from a facial cellulitis scar of a leukemia patient was tested for the presence of any metabolite that could be used to identify the organism without resorting to cultural techniques. This isolate excreted a fluorescent compound in culture medium that was later identified as aflatoxin B2 on the basis of its chromatogranhic and other physicochemical ~ronerties. Additional studies were conducted to define the nutritional and physiological factors that influence the mycelial growth and aflatoxin

produc t ion . Maximal amounts of t o x i n were produced i n c u l t u r e s grown f o r 8 days a t 30°c i n t h e da rk i n medium c o n t a i n i n g 2% mal tose a s t h e carbon sou rce (pH 4 .5) . A f l a t o x i n was a l s o found i n i n f e c t e d serum o r i g i n a l l y inocu- l a t e d w i t h t h e same organism and incubated i n t h e da rk a t 30°C f o r 4 days . This t o x i c m e t a b o l i t e , t h e r e f o r e mav s e r v e a s a marker w i t h which t o d iagnose svs t emic a s p e r g i l l o s i s . I n t h i s s tudy , pa thogenic A. f l a v u s produced a f l a t o x i n B2 e x c l u s i v e l y ; t h i s i s t h e f i r s t r e p o r t of a f l a t o x i n p roduc t ion by a s t r a i n of A s p e r g i l l u s f l a v u s pathogenic i n human be ings .

C29 M. GUNASEKARAN and DARRELL J . WEBER*, Department of I n f e c t i o u s D i seases , S t . Jude C h i l d r e n ' s Research H o s p i t a l , Memphis, Tennessee, 38101 and Department of Botany, Brigham Young U n i v e r s i t y , Provo, Utah. 84602. In f luence of Physiochemical F a c t o r s on Growth and Pigment Syn thes i s of Pyrenochaeta t e r r e s t r i s .

Two pigments, one p ink (Rf 0.87) and t h e o t h e r r edd i sh brown (Rf 0.51). have been i s o l a t e d from c u l t u r e s of Pyrenochaeta t e r r e s t r i s , t h e e t i o l o g i c agen t of p ink r o o t r o t of onion. These pigments a r e f r e e l y s o l u b l e i n o r g a n i c s o l v e n t s and i n s o l u b l e i n wa te r . Maximum myce l i a l growth and pigment s y n t h e s i s of P. t e r r e s t r i s occurred a t pH 6.6 i n a s y n t h e t i c medium c o n t a i n i n g suc rose . Glucose was t h e nex t b e s t s u b s t r a t e . Growth and pigment p roduc t ion were s i g n i f i c a n t l y h ighe r i n c u l t u r e s i ncuba ted under l i g h t a s compared t o t hose grown i n t h e da rk . N i t r a t e and ammonia were b e t t e r n i t r o g e n sou rces t han n i t r i t e o r u r e a . The a d d i t i o n of t y r o s i n e i n c u l t u r e medium s t i m u l a t e d growth a s w e l l a s pigment s y n t h e s i s , whereas mercaptoethanol i n h i b i t e d t h e s e p roces ses s i g n i f i c a n t l y . The i s o l a t i o n , i d e n t i f i c a t i o n and chemical p r o p e r t i e s of t h e s e two pigments w i l l be d i scussed .

of pore s u r f a c e a r e a ) , comparable t o s p o r e p roduc t ion by o t h e r polypores whose s p o r e s a r e wind disseminated . Spore r e l e a s e p a t t e r n s were no t a f f e c t e d by r a i n f a l l . The unique subtending vo lva , long cons ide red an a d a p t a t i o n f o r i n s e c t d i s p e r s a l , appears t o be a xe rophy t i c a d a p t a t i o n which p r o t e c t s t h e hymenophore from d e s i c c a t i o n . The volva a l l ows s p o r e product ion du r ing pe r iods of low r a i n f a l l and r e l a t i v e humidity which a r e o f t e n a s s o c i a t e d w i t h bark b e e t l e f l i g h t s i n t hose a r e a s of western North America where t h i s fungus is most common.

E . F . H A S K I N S , D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y , C4 7 U n i v e r s i t y o f W a s h i n g t o n , S e a t t l e , W a s h i n g t o n , 9 8 1 9 5 . C o m p a r a t i v e P l a s m o d i a 1 T y p e s a n d S p o r u l a t i o n i n t h e M y x o m y c e t e s .

C o m p a r a t i v e s t u d i e s o f p l a s m o d i a l m o r p h o l o g y h a v e r e v e a l e d a m i n i m u m o f f o u r m o r p h o t y p e s : t h e p r o t o p l a s m o d i u m ; t h e a p h a n o p l a s m o d i u m ; t h e p h a n e r o p l a s - m o d i u m ; a n d t h e t r i c h i a c e o u s p l a s m o d i u m . S t u d y o f p l a s m o d i a l m o r p h o l o g y h a s r e - s u l t e d i n t a x o n o m i c r e v i s i o n s a n d h o l d s p r o m i s e f o r r e v e a l i n g p o s s i b l e p h y l o - g e n e t i c r e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h i n t h e M y x o - m y c e t e s . S i m i l a r s t u d i e s o n s p o r u l a t i o n h a v e e s t a b l i s h e d t w o d i s t i n c t d e v e l o p m e n - t a l p a t t e r n s 1 ) e p i h y p o t h a l l i c a n d 2 ) s u b h y p o t h a l l i c . T h a t o n l y t w o p a t t e r n s o f s p o r o p h o r e d e v e l o p m e n t o c c u r i s q u e s - t i o n a b l e ; t h e e x i s t e n c e o f d e r i v e d p a t - t e r n s i s c o n c e i v a b l e a n d t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f i n t e r m e d i a t e f o r m s c a n n o t b e r u l e d o u t . T h e b i o s y s t e m a t i c s i g n i f i c a n c e o f p l a s m o d i a l m o r p h o l o g y a n d p a t t e r n s o f s p o r u l a t i o n m u s t a l w a y s b e e v a l u a t e d i n t h e c o n t e x t o f t h e c o m p l e t e l i f e h i s t o r y o f t h e M y x o m y c e t e c o n s i d e r e d .

J . J . Hei thaus s e e Watrud C65

C21 THOMAS C. HARRINGTON* and C. GARDNER SHAW. G. R. Hooper s e e F l e g l e r C11

Dept. of P l a n t Pathology, Washington S t a t e Univ. , Pullman, WA 99164. Disseminat ion of t h e pouch fungus , Cryptoporus vo lva tus . S. C. Hugh s e e Amon C41

I n s e c t s t h a t i n h a b i t sporophores of Cryptoporus (Polyporus) v o l v a t u s (Pk.) Shear were once thought t o c a r r y bas id iospores t o f r e s h bark b e e t l e ga l - l e r i e s w i t h i n con i f e rous t r e e s from which annual sporophores emerge t h e next yea r . A l t e r n a t i v e l y , bark b e e t l e s were r epo r t ed t o v e c t o r myce l i a l f ragments of t h i s sapwood r o t t e r . I n t h i s s t u d y , we have found t h a t a l t hough f l y i n g bark b e e t l e s may a c q u i r e b a s i d i o s p o r e s of C. v o l v a t u s , t hey do n o t a c q u i r e f ragments of mycelium from under t h e ba rk . Consequently, we hypothes ize a t h i r d mechanism of d i s semina t ion , v i z . , by windblown bas id iospores . Airborne spo res were c o l l e c t e d by p l a c i n g a f u n n e l , equipped w i t h a c o l l e c t i o n v i a l , below each of seven developing bas id ioca rps . Spores which had c o l l e c t e d i n t h e v i a l s were counted every 7 t o 11 da u n t i l c e s s a t i o n of s p o r e r e l e a s e (avg 71 d a ) . Spores r e l e a s e d pe ti b a s i d i o c a r p averaged 2 .5 X 109 (4.0 X 1 0 / cm2

H. ELAINE HUIZAR* and JEROME M. ARONSON, C51 Department o f Botany and Microbiology, Arizona S t a t e Un ive r s i t y , Tempe, AZ 85281. An u l t r a - s t r u c t u r a l comparison of c e l l u l i n g r a n u l e s i n t h e Leptomitaceae.

C e l l u l i n g ranu le s ( ch i t i n -g lucan g r a n u l e s ) a r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c c y t o l o g i c a l e n t i t i e s i n t h e t h r e e gene ra , Leptomitus, Apodachlya, and Apodachlyel la , making up t h e f ami ly Leptomitaceae, b u t a r e n o t found i n any genera i n t h e a l l i e d f ami ly , Rhipidiaceae . P rev ious work from t h i s l a b o r a t o r y has demonstrated t h a t c e l l u l i n g ranu le cy to logy , a t t h e l i g h t microscope l e v e l , i s s i m i l a r i n t h e t h r e e l ep tomi t acean genera . The p r e s e n t i n v e s t i - g a t i o n c o n s t i t u t e s an u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l comparison of c e l l u l i n . For t h e most p a r t , c e l l u l i n g r a n u l e s and a s s o c i a t e d s t r u c t u r e s appear u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l l y

40

s i m i l a r throughout t h e family. E d a c h l y e l l a granules a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y well defined by surrounding e lec t ron dense p a r t i c l e s which a r e a l s o frequent ly observed i n assoc ia t ion with the tonoplast . Granules a r e thought t o a c t a s plugs when wedged i n t o hyphal cons t r ic t ions . Judging from TEM observat ions with Leptomitus l ac teus , such granules fuse with l a t e r a l hyphal walls forming sep ta t ions .

the gradient . These r e s u l t s suggest the f i v e pro te ins which predominately accumulate during l a t e sporulat ion a r e bound t o RNA t o form a ribonucleoprotein p a r t i c l e and these p a r t i c l e s e x i s t both f r e e and at tached to ribosomes. During germination a p ro te in synthesized during l a t e sporulat ion binds t o the 80s ribosomes. This p ro te in binds i n the presence of cycloheximide and i s not detected on zoospore ribosomes. Supported by NSF Grant PCM79-11608.

*JOHNNYE M. JONES AND LAFAYETTE FREDERICK C37 Hampton I n s t i t u t e Howard University

C42 LEE A. JACOBS*, JAMES W . KIMBROUGH~, and FRED S. Hampton, VA 23668 Washington, DC

DAVIES. D partment o f F r u i t Crops, and Department Ascosporogenesis In EMERICELLA QUADRILINEATA: o f Botanyq, U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e , An Analysis Via Light, Scanning, And Trans- F l o r i d a 3261 1. mission Elec t ron Microscopy

Synthes is o f a Myco r rh i za l Assoc ia t i on between Cleistothecium formation, ascus i n i t i a t i o n , and Elaphomyces pe rsoon i i and Vaccinium fi ascosporogenesis i n Emericella quadr i l inea ta has

been studied using l i g h t , scanning, and t rans- The importance o f n a t u r a l l y o c c u r r i n g mycorrhizae mission e lec t ron microscopy. Light microscopy

i n t he Er icaceae has been w e l l es tab l i shed . I n t he s tud ies support present da ta on the pa t te rn of southeastern Un i ted Sta tes members of t he Er icaceae c l e i s t o t h e c i a l formation. That i s , i n i t i a t i o n a r e commonly found growing i n t he unders to ry of ec to- of c l e i s t o t h e c i a l formation i s e f fec ted by the mycor rh i za l p ines and oaks. c o i l i n g of hyphae. The loose c o i l s produce a

A 1 arge number o f sporocarps o f El aphomyces globose body with a two- t o th ree-ce l l th ick p e r s o o n i i were found i n a f o r e s t near G a i n e s v i l l e , wal l ins ide of which a s c i u l t imate ly a r i s e . Asci F l o r i d a . Some o f t h e sporocarps were assoc ia ted appear t o o r ig ina te from an i n t e r n a l hyphal sys- w i t h t h e r o o t s o f Pinus e l l i o t i i var . e l l i o t t i i , tem t h a t i s associated with the inner l ayer of Quercus w, and Vaccinium fuscatum. wall c e l l s . Tips of t h i s branching ascogenous

I s o l a t e s o f f unga l c o l o n i e s from mycorrh iza l hyphal system enlarge and d i f f e r e n t i a t e i n t o r o o t s o f y. fuscatum were obtained, and a t tempts a s c i . Small chains o r c l u s t e r s of a s c i a re i r r e - were made t o r e i n o c u l a t e a s e p t i c a l l y grown c u t t I g s gula r ly dispersed i n the c l e i s t o t h e c i a l matrix. o f Vaccinium ashei (Rabbiteye b lueber ry ) . Inocu 3 -

t i o n of r o o t e d c u t t i n g s o f x. ashei w i t h ascospores The hyphae comprising the two outermost w a l l of E. p e r s o o n i i a l s o was done. P o s i t i v e i d e n t i f i - layers of the cleis tothecium do not appear t o be c a t i o n o f t he mycor rh i za l e n t i t y and i t s e f fec t s func t iona l ly involved i n ascus formation. During on p l a n t growth a re be ing s tud ied present1 y . cleis tothecium development t h i s network of hyphae

segments and the c e l l s become thick-walled and pigmented. Ce l l s t h a t make up the ou te r l ayers

L. A . Jacobs see Samuelson C38 of the cleis tothecium gradual ly d i s i n t e g r a t e when the a s c i m a t u r e and ascospores released by ascus deliquescence a r e dispersed. Ascospore del imita-

C25 ALAN JAWORSKI* and PATRICIA STUMHOFER, B~~~~~ De- t i o n i s e f fec ted by e labora t ion of the membrane partment, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. system and increased vacuolation. Invagination Stage-specific syn thes i s of ribosome-associated of the membrane system from the ou te r periphery Proteins during l a t e Sporulation i n Blas toc lad ie l la inward de l imi t the ascospores. emersonii . ---

During the f i n a l t h i r t y minutes of sporulat ion i n g . J. P. Jones see Steffens c7 emersonii newly synthesized pro te ins accumulate i n ribosomal f rac t ions . These pro te ins a r e detected i n autoradiograms of polyacrylamide ge l s a s f i v e promi- nant bands ranging i n mol. w t . from 110,000 t o 42,000. They a r e not detected i n ribosomal preparat ions from J . W . Kimbrough see Benny C36, Jacobs C42, c e l l s labeled e i t h e r during germination o r e a r l y Samuelson C38 sporulat ion. During germination these pro te ins dis- - - appear with k i n e t i c s corresponding t o the onset of p ro te in synthesis . In isopycnic metrizamidegradients, these pro te ins band primari ly a t a dens i ty of 1 .2 gmlcc. Heterodisperse poly(A)+RNA and poly(A)-RNA a l s o bands a t t h i s dens i ty i n metrizamide gradients . These pro te ins a l s o band i n metrizamide a t 1 .31 gm/cc. Heterodisperse poly(A)+RNA and poly(A)-RNA a l s o band with the ribosomes i n netrizamide gradients . In

MAREN A. KLICH* Southern Regional Research Center, Un i ted Sta tes Department o f A g r i - c u l t u r e , P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans LA 70179, and LOIS H. TIFFANY Botany Department Iowa Sta te U n i v e r s i t y , Ames I A 50011. Seasonal i ty and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e Saproleg- niaceae i n nor thwest Iowa.

sucrose grad ien ts t h e p ro te ins sediment pr imari ly i n the sub-ribosomal region (205-80s) with a smal le r pro- Water samples Were taken r e g u l a r l y f rom n i n e port ion found i n the ribosome-polyri~osome region (80s 1 i t t o r a l s i t e s i n t he Lakes Region o f nor thwest and above). RNase 4 treatment eliminated these pro- Iowa Over a 2-year pe r iod . These samples were t e i n s from the heavy polysome region on sucrose grad- b a i t e d w i t h b o i l e d seeds, and r e s u l t a n t co lon ies i e n t s but the nuclease did not a f f e c t t h e i r sedimenta- of the 00mycete fam i l y Saprolegniaceae were i d e n t i - t i o n i n the subribosomal and small polysome region of f ied . Of t h e f requen t l y i s o l a t e d species, Sapro-

legni ; f e r a x , S. d i c l i n a , and A hanom ces l a e v i s showe t e m p e r a b r F i 3 X e d sea-di c i t y ove r b o t h yea rs , b u t Achlya americana, A. d e b a a - ana, and D ic t yuchus monosporus d i d n o t aisfiy a r e p e a t i n g occur rence p a t t e r n . Groups o f spec ies tended t o be c o n s i s t e n t l y assoc ia ted w i t h c e r t a i n t ypes o f a q u a t i c h a b i t a t s o v e r t he two years . 2. d i c l i n a was i s o l a t e d predominant ly f rom open, sand-gravel bottomed s i t e s . Species o f Achlya and Dic tyuchus were i s o l a t e d most f r e q u e n t l y f rom s i t e s ad jacen t t o s teep banks. Occurrence o f Aphanomyces l a e v i s was r e s t r i c t e d almost e n t i r e l y t o s i t e s i n o r r emergent vege ta t i on .

41 were obta ined by d i s r u p t i n g t h e c e l l s i n a hmogeniz- e r . The p r o t e i n con ten t , e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s p r o f i l e i n po l yac ry lam ide g e l e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s and t h e r e a c t i v i t y t o p a t i e n t sera and immune r a b b i t sera were compared. I t was found t h a t severa l an t i gens were shared by va r i ous e x t r a c t s . The c u l t u r e f i l t r a t e an t i gens were f r a c t i o n a t e d by p r e p a r a t i v e i s o e l e c t r i c focus- i n g us ing pH g r a d i e n t s o f 3.5 t o 5.5. The ma jo r f r a c t i o n s separa ted a t a pH o f 4 t o 4.5 reac ted w i t h p a t i e n t s ' sera. These an t i gens a r e s t a i n a b l e by b o t h Coomassie b l u e and PAS s t a i n s i n d i c a t i n g t h e i r g l y c o p r o t e i n nature .

C34 RALPH H. KURTZMAN, J R . Western Reg iona l Resea rch C e n t e r , S.E.A., U . S . Department of A g r i c u l t u r e , Berke ley , CA 94708. Manganese S u l f a t e a s an I n d i c a t o r of White-Rot A c t i v i t y .

A number o f c h e m i c a l s have been proposed a s i n d i c a t o r s f o r d i s t i n g u i s h i n g w h i t e - r o t f u n g i . Some o f them a r e r a t h e r e x o t i c , s a l e c h e m i c a l l y i n s t a b l e , and some h i g h l y t o x i c o r c a r c i n o g e n i c . A few r e q u i r e s p o r o c a r p t i s s u e , and a few y i e l d an i n s t a b l e c o l o r o r o t h e r i n d i c a t i o n . Most g i v e some f a l s e r e a c t i o n s . Maganous s u l f a t e was found t o h e o x i d i z e d t o t h e Mn+4 s t a t e (manganese d i o x i d e ) by w h i t e - r o t f u n g i , b u t n o t by brown - r o t s p e c i e s under m i l d l y a c i d i c c o n d i t i o n s . Same i n h a b i t a n t s of he rbaceous l i g n o c e l l u - l o s e . which a r e known t o m e t a b o l i z e l i q n i n .

CAROL L. LECRONE. Department o f B i o l o g i c a l C15 Sciences, Nor thern Ar izona U n i v e r s i t y , F l a g s t a f f , Ar izona 86011. - Water Repe l lency and Fungal Comnunity Composi t ion i n Jun ipe r Woodland S o i l s .

Fungal comnuni t ies were sampled beneath j u n i p e r t r e e s i n s o i l s e x h i b i t i n g water r e p e l l e n c y and o u t - s i d e t h e canopy i n grass dominated s o i l s showing comparat ive ly l i t t l e r e p e l l e n c y . P e n i c i l l i u m spp. were t h e major component o f t h e m ic ro funga l comnun- i t y i n bo th woodland and grass land s o i l s w i t h d i s - t i n c t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e spec ies i n each. To lerance o f t h e dominant spec ies t o mo is tu re s t r e s s c o n d i t i o n s was expe r imen ta l l y examined. The r e s u l t s w i l l be d iscussed w i t h r e g a r d t o e c o l o g i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and taxonomic s i g n i f i c a n c e .

Sui-Fong Li s e e Eger-Humel C56

e . g . A g a r i c u s b i s p o r u s c a u s e d a s l i g h t amount Of Oxidation Of manganese. Under the WILMA L. LINGLE* and WILLIAM E. BARSTOW. Botany C39 acidic used (pH 4.5 - 6 * 0 ) the Department, Un ive r s i ty o f Georgia, Athens, Georgia , o x i d a t i o n Mn+2 + 2h20 - Mn02 + 4H+ h a s 30602. Fine S t r u c t u r a l Observat ions o f t h e Zoospore an Eo o f -1.25, an e x t r e m e l y h i g h o x i d a t i o n of Blastocladia ramosa. p o t e n t i a l f o r a b i o l o g i c a l sys tem. L i g n i n i s more d i f f i c u l t t o o x i d i s e t h a n any of t h e previously proposed white-rot indicators. B las toc lad ia ramosa i s a f a c u l t a t i v e anaerobe i n t h e

The oxidation potential may be an inportant o rde r B l a s t o c l a d i a l e s . The u l t r a s t r u c t u r e o f B. ramosa zoospores was i n v e s t i g a t e d us ing s t anda rd E.M.

f a c t o r i n t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of w h i t e - r o t --

organ i sms . techniques and a cytochemical s t a i n i n g r e a c t i o n s i m i l a r t o t h e Pe r iod ic Acid-Schiff method. which i s

C58 YISWANATH P. KURUP, Department o f Medicine, Medical Co l l ege of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and Research Serv ice , VA Medical Center, Wood, W I 531 93. C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n of A s p e r g i l l u s fumigatus an t i gens .

I n a p rev ious r e p o r t we s t u d i e d c u l t u r e f i l t r a t e an t i gens f rom a l a r g e number o f s t r a i n s o f A. fumi a t u s f rom c l i n i c a l and env i ronmenta l sources. I t was ound t h a t t h e r e a c t i v i t y o f an t i gens f rom -5- d i f f e r e n t s t r a i n s a g a i n s t sera f r om p a t i e n t s w i t h v a r i o u s c l i n i c a l forms o f a s p e r g i l l o s i s v a r i e d cons ide rab l y . However when an t i gens f rom t h r e e se lec ted s t r a i n s of A. fumi a t u s were used,- t oge the r t hey de tec ted p r e c i p i t i & t h e sera t es ted . The p resen t s tudy dea l s w i t h t h e i s o l a t i o n and c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t h e an t i gens f rom one o f t hese s t r a i n s . A. fumi a t u s (Ag 534) was grown a t 37°C i n a 14 l i ter-fennen:er w i t h cont inuous s t i r r i n g and a e r a t i o n . A f t e r f i v e days o f i n c u b a t i o n t h e b r o t h was separa ted from t h e mycelium, concent ra ted, d i a l y z e d and f r e e z e d r i e d . A l i q u o t s o f t h e mycel ium were e x t r a c t e d w i t h PBS (pH 7 . 2 ) , 6M urea, 0.1% t r i t o n X-100 and 1N HC1. The cy top lasm ic an t i gens

s p e c i f i c f o r po lysaccha r ides . The 4.0X6.5 pm zoospores were found t o be o f t h e t y p i c a l Blas to- c l a d i a l i a n type (Type 4 a s o u t l i n e d by Lange and Olson i n t h e u n i f l a g e l l a t e phycomycete zoospore. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 33(2) 1-95) i . e . having aggre- gated ribosomes de l imI fed by a membrane s i t t i n g above a p o s t e r i o r l y located nucleus; a s i d e body complex along one s i d e o f t h e nucleus; and a system o f long i - t u d i n a l l y o r i e n t e d microtubules pos i t ioned around t h e nucleus . Membrane bound s t r u c t u r e s which a r e p r e - sumed t o be gamma bodies were loca ted i n t h e e x t r a - cap cytoplasm. Mitochondria1 c r i s t a e a r e p r e s e n t bu t appear t o be v e s t i g i a l . Few l i p i d bodies were seen; t he primary s t o r a g e product appears t o be glycogen a s ind ica t ed by t h e p o s i t i v e PAS s t a i n i n g r e a c t i o n .

W. L. Lingle s e e Barstow C4

T. J. L o t t s ee Clark C24

C18 E . S. LUTTRELL, Dept. o f P l a n t Pathology, Un iv - e r s i t y o f Georgia, Athens 30602. Ascocarp Devel- opment i n M e l i o l a .

My obse rva t i ons on M. am h i t r i c h a a r e e s s e n t i a l l y i n agreement w i t h those o h l l . To r rey Botan. Club 59:241-266, 1932) on M. c i r c i n a n s except f o r my f a i l u r e t o demonstrate a f c n c t i o n a l an the r i d i um. By l a t e r a l expansion and d i v i s i o n by v e r t i c a l w a l l s a hyphopodium on t h e s u p e r f i c i a l mycelium forms a hemisphaer ica l s h i e l d . Among s h o r t hyphal ingrowths f rom t h e lower sur face o f t h e s h i e l d a swo l l en c e l l w i t h a g r e a t l y expanded nucleus i s d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e as an ascogonium. The ascogonium becomes b i n u c l e a t e and i s surrounded by hyphae forming a p e r i t h e c i a l w a l l fused w i t h t h e da rk c e l l s o f t h e s h i e l d , which expands as an o u t e r l a y e r c o v e r i n g a l l exposed su r - faces. The centrum i s f i l l e d w i t h paraphyses a rch - i n g ove r a compact basal mass o f ascogenous c e l l s r e p l a c i n g t h e ascogonium. T ips o f p e r i t h e c i a l w a l l hyphae form an o s t i o l e p e r f o r a t i n g t h e s h i e l d a t t h e apex. Large, t h i n - w a l l e d a s c i develop f rom ascogenous c e l l s w i t h o n l y h i n t s o f c r o z i e r s . Asco- spores form around each o f two p a i r s o f t h e e i g h t n u c l e i i n t h e ascus. The two ascospores a r e c y l i n d - r i c a l , i n e q u i l a t e r a l and w i t h a g e l a t i n o u s sheath g r e a t l y t h i ckened ove r t h e f l a t t e n e d s i d e , brown, and 5 - c e l l e d . The c e n t r a l c e l l i s b i n u c l e a t e ; t h e o t h e r f ou r a r e un inuc lea te .

C8 JOHN E. MAYFIELD. Department of Biology, A t l an ta Un ive r s i ty , A t l a n t a , Georgia 30314. Con id ia t ion and nuc lea r behavior i n V e r t i c i l l i u m dah l i ae .

V e r t i c i l l i u m d a h l i a e is an a sexua l fungus t h a t produces u n i c e l l u l a r , mononucleate con id ia a s i t s pr imary means of reproduct ion. For c o n i d i a l forma- t ion , s p e c i a l i z e d hyphal c e l l s conver t i n t o v e r t i - c i l l a t e conidiophores , bear ing t ape red p h i a l i d e s . Conidia develop from p h i a l i d e s a s p r o t r u s i o n s through a t e rmina l pore. Each p h i a l i d e has a s i n g l e nuc leus t h a t d i v i d e s r epea ted ly dur ing t h e sequen- t i a l product ion of con id ia . The p resen t r e p o r t d e s c r i b e s some of t h e nuc lea r even t s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h con id ia t ion . Approximately 1x105 c o n i d i a were inocula ted i n t o each 250 m l f l a s k , con ta in ing 50 m l of modif ied-polygalacturonic a c i d medium. F la sks were mainta ined a t room temperature on a r o t a r y shaker. There was g e n e r a l l y a l a g i n c o n i d i a l product ion u n t i l a f t e r t h e f i r s t day. Between t h e f i r s t and t h i r d days of incubat ion, t h e r e was a r a p i d i n c r e a s e i n t h e number of con id ia which l eve led o f f a t about t h e f o u r t h day. The s e p a r a t e a p p l i c a t i o n s of i n h i b i t o r s , a f f e c t i n g DNA s y n t h e s i s , a t t h e time of i n o c u l a t i o n and dur ing t h e r ap id c o n i d i a t i o n phase suggest t h a t most of t h e DNA necessa ry f o r c o n i d i a t i o n , is synthes ized p r i o r t o t h e observed c o n i d i a l i nc rease . U l t r a s t r u c t u r a l a n a l y s i s of c e l l s i n t h e r a p i d c o n i d i a t i o n phase r e v e a l s a l a r g e number of nuc lea r p r o f i l e s wi th membrane d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s and membrane a s s o c i a t e d chromatin. The r e l evance of t h e s e even t s t o r ed i s - t r i b u t i o n of nuc lea r m a t e r i a l dur ing c o n i d i a t i o n w i l l be d iscussed. Th i s r e sea rch was supported by NSF g r a n t SER 77-04223.

DENNIS E. MC CABE, USDA I n s e c t Pathology C 2 Research Uni t , Boyce Thompson I n s t i t u t e , Tower Road, I t h a c a , New York 14853.

Nuclear Events Surrounding Rest ing Spore Matura t ion and Germination i n Two Species of Entomophthora.

Rest ing spores of d i f f e r e n t ages were examined t o determine changes i n t h e number of n u c l e i pe r spo re a s matura t ion proceeded. I n bo th Entomophthora v i r u l e n t a and E. sphaerosperma t h e pre-spore was h igh ly mul t inuc lea t e , sometimes having a s many a s 25 n u c l e i per spo re . As t h e r e s t i n g spores mature over the fo l lowing two weeks, t h e number of n u c l e i per spo re drops s t e a d i l y u n t i l even tua l ly on ly 2 remain. The b i n u c l e a t e con- d i t i o n p e r s i s t s through t h e r e s t i n g phase. E. v i r u l e n t a r e s t i n g spores examined dur ing germina- t i o n were found t o undergo a f u r t h e r r educ t ion t o one nucleus pe r spore about 14 hours a f t e r s t i m u l a t i o n t o germinate. The r e s t i n g spores of E. sphaerosperma have not been germinated r e l i a b l y - enough t o permit t h e examination of nuc lea r e v e n t s surrounding germination.

D. J. McLaughlin s e e O'Donnell C9

ROBERT J , MEYER. Department of Botany, C35 Unive r s i ty of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602- - The In f luence of D i f f e r e n t L igh t Spec t r a on t h e Development of F r u i t i n g Bodies of Ps i locybe coprophi la .

The e f f e c t of d i f f e r e n t l i g h t s p e c t r a on t h e development of an i s o l a t e of Ps i locybe coproph i l a was determined under c o n t r o l l e d humidi ty , tempera- t u r e , and a e r a t i o n cond i t ions , and w i t h l i g h t energy equa l i zed between d i f f e r e n t t rea tments . Abundant a e r i a l hyphae were produced only i n dark-grown c u l t u r e s . Primordium product i on was h i g h i n b lue (390-530 nm) and whi t e (390-750 nm) l i g h t , i n t e r - mediate i n green (490-600 nm) and red (580-750 nm) l i g h t , and low i n t h e dark . A w e l l developed tomentum and e longa te f r u i t bodies w i t h i n t a c t p a r t i a l v e i l s were produced only i n t h e green, r ed , and da rk t rea tments . Only nonsporu la t ing f r u i t bodies were produced i n t h e dark. F r u i t bodies w i t h t y p i c a l l y heavy s p o r u l a t i o n were produced i n t h e b lue and whi t e l i g h t ; f r u i t bodies wi th t y p i c a l l y l i t t l e o r no s p o r u l a t i o n r e s u l t e d from growth i n green and red l i g h t . A s i g n i f i c a n t l y h ighe r d ry weight of f r u i t bodies was produced i n t h e red and green t r ea tmen t s a s compared t o t h e o t h e r t rea tments .

SUSAN L. FRICKE MEYER. Dept. o f P l a n t Patho logy c16 and P l a n t Genet ics, U n i v e r s i t y o f Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602. S tud ies on t h e L i chen Genus Parmel iops*.

A taxonomic s tudy has been conducted on Parmel iops is i n No r th America t o examine t h e f e a t u r e s which cha r - a c t e r i z e t h e genus and i t ' s member spec ies . F i v e species a r e recogn ized i n t h e genus, and these spe- c i e s a r e d i v i d e d i n t o two groups on t h e bas i s o f morpho log ica l and chemical d i f f e r e n c e s . One group, wh ich i nc ludes 5. a l e u r i t e s and P. p l a c o r o d i a , has emergent, lamina1 t o marg ina l pycn id ia ; s h o r t c o n i -

d i a which a r e v a r i a b l e , b u t g e n e r a l l y b a c i l l i f o r m picture is emerging of ~ ~ ~ h ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ biogeography w i t h one o r bo th ends swol len; e l 1 i p s o i d ascospores; and the degree of overlapping between floras is and w h i t i s h t o l i g h t brown lower c ~ r t i c e s . Par- becoming i n c r e a s i n g l y understood. S p e c i f i c i t y me1 i o p s i s a l e u r i t e s forms i s i d i a , w h i l e P. p laco ro - for particular environments and hos t substrates d i a l acks bo th i s i d i a and sored ia . Th in - l aye r has been i n v e s t i g a t e d f o r many species t o chromatography shows t h a t both species have tham- suppliment the larger picture. no1 i c a c i d . P a n e l i o p s i s ambigua, P. hyperopta, and P. subambigua, which comprise t h e second group, have immersed, lamina1 pycn id ia ; f a l c a t e con id ia ; M. L. Muilenberg s e e Burge C49 r e n i f o r m ascospores; 1 i g h t brown t o b lack lower c o r t i c e s ; sored ia ; and d i v a r i c a t i c a c i d . Usnic a c i d i s present i n P. ambigua and P. subambigua, PERRY MULLEAVY. Div i s ion o f Rad ia t ion Biology, C45 w h i l e P. hyperopta produces a t r a n o r i n . The d i f -

Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve ferences between t h e two groups l i s t e d above a re U n i v e r s i t y , Cleveland, OH 44106. P l o i d a l and s u f f i c i e n t t o warrant r e v i s i o n a t t h e super -spec i f i c

Genetical Studies in Did ium iridisI Hetero- l e v e l . t h a l l i c and Non-he te ro tha l l i c Cycles .

M. A. Miller-Wideman s e e Watrud C65

C10 CHARLES W. MIMS. Department of Biology, Stephen F. Aus t in S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Nacogdoches, Texas 75962. U l t r a s t r u c t u r e of Te l io spo re Germination, Meios is and Bas id iospore Formation i n t h e Rust Fungus Gymnosporangium c l a v i p e s .

Te l io spo res of 5. c l a v i p e s a r e two c e l l e d . Attached t o t h e b a s a l c e l l i s a long p e d i c e l t h a t d i s i n t e - g r a t e s when t h e s p o r e is placed i n wa te r . Each c e l l of t h e s p o r e is u n i n u c l e a t e and posses ses a very dense cytoplasm packed wi th ribosomes, mi tochondr ia , l i p i d d r o p l e t s and o t h e r i n c l u s i o n s . During germin- a t i o n a s i n g l e promycelium a r i s e s from each c e l l . The promycelium emerges from a s p e c i a l germ pore r e g i o n . The s t r u c t u r e of t h e s p o r e w a l l i n t h e germ pore r eg ion is d i f f e r e n t from t h a t of t h e remainder of t h e w a l l . During germinat ion t h e o u t e r p o r t i o n of t h e s p o r e w a l l i n t h e germ pore r eg ion appears t o d i s i n t e g r a t e . The w a l l of t h e emerging promyce- l ium is cont inuous wi th t h e i n n e r most l a y e r of t h e spo re w a l l . The nuc leus even tua l ly e n t e r s t h e promycelium along wi th most of t h e cytoplasmic compo- n e n t s of t h e c e l l . S t r u c t u r e s thought t o be micro- bod ie s a r e numerous i n t h e promycelium and many s m a l l , cy toplasmic v e s i c l e s a r e p re sen t i n t h e ap i - c a l r eg ion of t h e promycelium. The nuc leus eventu- a l l y d i v i d e s m e i o t i c a l l y and t h e promycelium is d i - v ided i n t o u n i n u c l e a t e segments by c e n t r i p e t a l l y

I n t h e myxomycete, Didymium i r i d i s , bo th i n t e r - i s o l a t e a n d i n t r a c l o n a l p l o i d a l v a r i a t i o n a r e common t r a i t s of t h e myxamoebal phase o f t h e l i f e c y c l e . Most amoebal c l o n e s c o n t a i n p l o i d a l subpopu la t ions which range up t o t h e o c t o p l o i d l e v e l . These n a t u r a l subpopu la t ions , as we l l as t h o s e induced wi th i s o p r o p y l N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (CIPC), have been r ec loned t o produce c e l l l i n e s r e p r e s e n t i n g d i f f e r e n t p l o i d a l l e v e l s . Many of t h e s e l i n e s were then c a r r i e d as s t a b l e p l o i d a l v a r i e n t s . I n t h i s way, d i p l o i d h e t e r o t h a l l i c c lones were e s t a b l i s h e d and used i n t e t r a p l o i d g e n e t i c exper iments . It was found t h a t subsequent t o t e t r a p l o i d m e i o s i s , d i p l o i d amoebal progeny could be r ecove red which c a r r i e d bo th mating types . Due t o he t e rozygos i ty a t t h e mating-type l o c u s such amoebae would d i f f e r e n t i a t e d i r e c t l y i n t o plasmodia w i thou t having undergone gamet ic f u s i o n . Such apogamical ly-der ived plasmodia undergo nor- m a l me ios i s producing hap lo id progeny t h a t d i s - p l a y mating-type s p e c i f i c i t y and a r e n o t apogamic. I f , on t h e o t h e r hand, d i p l o i d amoebae which were heterozygous f o r mating type were mixed wi th d i p - l o i d amoebae homozygous f o r a t h i r d mating-type a l l e l e , p lasmodia1 format ion v i a s exua l f u s i o n could be demonst ra ted . S i m i l a r obse rva t ions on o t h e r s p e c i e s of t r u e s l i m e molds w i l l be d i s - cussed.

developing s e p t a . Each c e l l of t h e promycelium then g i v e s r i s e t o a s l e n d e r s t e r igma bea r ing a PERRY MULLEAVY* and THOMAS E. EVANS. D i v i s i o n C57

bas id iospore a t i t s t i p . of Rad ia t ion Biology, Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve U n i v e r s i t y , Cleveland, OH

M. Moo-Young s e e Chahal C61 44106. Cons t ruc t ion and Rad ia t ion S e n s i t i v i t y of a n I s o g e n i c P l o i d a l S e r i e s of Physarum polycephalum.

T. S. Moore, J r . s e e Al len C28

C19 GARETH MORGAN-JONES, Department o f Botany, Plasmodia o f t h e myxomycete Physarum polycephalum have been we l l - s tud ied wi th r e g a r d t o t h e i r c e l l -

P l a n t Pathology and Microb io logy, Auburn U n i v e r s i t y , Auburn, Alabama 36830.

c y c l e s e n s i t i v i t i e s ( m i t o t i c de l ay ) t o UV and ion- i z i n g r a d i a t i o n s . I n t h e p r e s e n t s t u d y , we a r e

New Hyphomycetes from Alabama and South A f r i c a . measuring radiation sensitivity in terms of surviv-

The l a s t t e n years have seen cons iderab le advances i n ou r knowledge o f Hyphomycetes and o f dematiaceous species i n p a r t i c u l a r . With increased c o l l e c t i n g i n va r i ous p a r t s o f t h e w o r l d h i t h e r t o 1 i t t l e worked and i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f s p e c i a l i z e d e c o l o g i c a l n iches i t has become c l e a r t h a t t he ex i s tence o f very many taxa remains t o be documented. F i e l d work i n Alabama and South A f r i c a has y i e l d e d m a t e r i a l o f many p r e v i o u s l y unknown Hyphomycetes. As more records a re made a c l e a r e r

a 1 (colony-forming a b i l i t y ) , u s i n g c e l l s from t h e u n i n u c l e a t e myxamoebal s t a g e o f t h e l i f e c y c l e . We

have chosen t o s t u d y s t a b l e l i n e s o f v a r i o u s p l o i d a l l e v e l s a s an a d d i t i o n a l pa rame te r i n ana- l y z i n g t h e r a d i a t i o n r e sponses o f t h i s organism. S t r a i n LU 648 is t h e hap lo id h e t e r o t h a l l i c l i n e used i n t h i s work; d i p l o i d and t e t r a p l o i d c l o n a l l i n e s were p repa red by manually i s o l a t i n g s i n g l e c e l l s from a senescen t c u l t u r e of LU 648. The p l o i d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f t h e s e s t a b l e l i n e s a r e approximate ly 9@% unimodal a s e s t ima ted by Feulgen nuclear-DNA microspectrophotometry o f exponen t i a l l y -

growing c e l l s . The dose-survival curves f o r s t r a i n LU 648 ( h a p l o i d ) fo l lowing W r a d i a t i o n a r e s imple exponen t i a l f u n c t i o n s ove r t h r e e o r d e r s of magni- t u d e , w i t h a Do of approximately 40 ~ / m ~ . P l o i d y l e v e l s a r e d i r e c t l y p r o p o r t i o n a l t o r e s i s t a n c e : To a f i r s t approximat ion, D,(xN)/D,(N) = x , where x = p l o i d y l e v e l . We a r e p r e s e n t l y s t u d i n g t h e photo- r e a c t i v a t i o n c a p a b i l i t i e s of t h e s e amoeba1 l i n e s a s w e l l a s t h e i r s e n s i t i v i t i e s t o i o n i z i n g r a d i a - t i o n . u up ported by DOE Con t rac t DE~S0276EX2486 and NIH T r a i n i n g Grant ES 07080)

b i f l a g e l l a t e and u n i f l a g e l l a t e a q u a t i c fung i d i f f e r i n t h e mechanisn of H 0 degrada t ion , i n both groups

2 2 t h e r e i s a d e c l i n e i n degrada t ive a b i l i t y which c o i n c i d e s wi th a reduced capac i ty f o r o x i d a t i v e metabolism.

L. A. No11 s e e Nakasone C23

KERRY L. O'DONNELL* AND DAVID J. MCLAUGHLIN C 9 Department o f Botany, Univ. of Minnesota, S t . Pau l , MN 55108. The Meiot ic Sp ind le Po le Body Cycle i n Pucc in ia malvacearum.

Pucc in ia malvacearum ~ e r t o l o n i is a common micro- c y l i c r u s t of Al thaea rosea (L.) Cavara (ho l lyhock) .

C23 K. K . NAKASONE, H. H . BURDSALL, JR., and Th i s u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l s t u d y was i n i t i a t e d t o L. A. NOLL*, Center f o r Fores t Mycology determine t h e major morphological changes i n t h e Research, Fores t P roduc t s Laboratory , s p i n d l e p o l e body (SPB) dur ing t h e m e i o t i c c y c l e . P.O. Box 5130, Madison, W i s . 53705. A Germinating t e l i o s p o r e s were f i x e d i n g l u t a r a l d e - New P h l e b i a on Sonoran Deser t Hardwoods. hyde, pos t - f ixed i n osmium t e t r o x i d e , soaked i n

aqueous u rany l a c e t a t e , dehydrated and then f l a t During t h e p a s t s e v e r a l y e a r s , specimens of an embedded i n purr's epoxy r e s i n between t e f l o n e f f u s e d s p e c i e s resembl ing Ph leb ia s u b s e r i a l i s t r e a t e d microscope s l i d e s . Three dimensional (Bourd. e t Galz.) Donk were found i n h a b i t i n g d a t a from s e r i a l s e c t i o n r e c o n s t r u c t i o n s was Sonoran Deser t hardwoods a long some of t h e w e t t e r ob ta ined from n u c l e i i n l a t e prophase I through streambeds i n sou the rn Arizona. In c u l t u r e t h e i n t e r p h a s e I1 by p r e s e l e c t i n g s t a g e s i n t h e l i g h t fungus resembled Hyphoderma ludov ic i ana (Bur t ) microscope. The l a t e prophase SPB c o n s i s t s of two K. J . Mart in e t Gilbn. a l s o . C r i t i c a l s t u d i e s of m u l t i l a y e r e d , h i g h l y s t r u c t u r e d d i s c o i d e lements t h e morphology and c u l t u r a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s 0.8 pm i n d i ame te r connected by a n osmioph i l i c i n d i c a t e t h a t t h i s fungus, Ph leb ia sonorae , middle p i e c e 0.5-0.9 pm long. Each disk-shaped r e p r e s e n t s a new s p e c i e s t h a t t o d a t e has been SPB becomes i n s e r t e d i n t h e n u c l e a r membrane a t found on ly i n more mois t h a b i t a t s of t h e Sonoran e a r l y prometaphase I and s p i n d l e mic ro tubu les Dese r t . As wi th most Ph leb ia s p e c i e s , t h i s new a r e gene ra t ed b e f o r e t h e middle p i e c e s p l i t s s p e c i e s possesses a b i p o l a r h e t e r o t h a l l i c mating t r a n s v e r s e l y . The h a l f o f t h e middle p i e & which system. is c a r r i e d a l o n g w i t h each s e p a r a t i n g SPB p e r s i s t s

through i n t e r p h a s e I. Prometaphase I t o i n t e r - C53 DONALD 0. NATVIG, Department of Botany, Un ive r s i ty phase I SPB's measure abou t 0.9 pm i n d i ame te r .

of C a l i f o r n i a , Berkeley 94720. - Enzymatic degra- A t l a t e i n t e r p h a s e I t h e SPB d u p l i c a t e s , g i v i n g

d a t i o n of supe rox ide and hydrogen peroxide i n r i s e t o a 1.8 pm SPB a t prophase-prometaphase 11,

l a c t i c acid-forming Oomycetes and Chytridiomycetes.Metaphase I1 t o t e l o p h a s e I1 SPB'S measure abou t 0.9 pm i n diameter . The SPB's d u p l i c a t e a g a i n

Because s e v e r a l l a c t i c acid-forming members of t h e a t i n t e r p h a s e 11, a t which t ime two d i s c o i d

Oomycetes and Chytr id iomycetes a r e be l i eved t o be e lements abou t 0.3 Pm i n diameter a r e connected adap ted t o h a b i t a t s where 0 2 . i s l i m i t e d , a survey by a n e l ec t ron -dense middle p i ece . The r e s u l t s

has been made of t h e enzymatic c a p a b i l i t i e s possessed w i l l be compared w i t h t h e SPB c y c l e i n asco- by a q u a t i c f u n g i f o r coping wi th t h e superoxide rad- mYcetes and bas idiomycetes .

i c a l (0-) and H202, both considered t o x i c by-products 2 . of an oxidative e x i s t e n c e . Resu l t s sugges t no t only MARTHA J - POWELL, Botany Department, Miami Uni- C5

s i m i l a r i t i e s bu t a l s o marked d i f f e r e n c e s between t h e v e r s i t ~ , Oxfo rd , OH 45056. - s t ruc tu re

two f u n g a l c l a s s e s . Superoxide dismutase (SOD) i s and germinat ion i n t h e mycoparas i t i c c h y t r i d

b e l i e v e d e s s e n t i a l f o r a l l organisms t h a t u t i l i z e 02. Caulochytrium.

I n t h e p r e s e n t survey, SOD a c t i v i t y , CN-sensit ive i n Chytridiomycetes but m-insensitive in Oomycetes, was Caulochytrium Voos and Ol ive is an unusual c h y t r i d

p r e s e n t i n a l l a q u a t i c f u n g i examined. SOD presence because i t produces two types of spo rang ia , a s e s s i l e

i n Aqua l inde re l l a fermentans (Oomycetes, Leptomita les) 'porangiurn On its Deuteromycete host and an and B l a s t o c l a d i a ramosa (Chytr id iomycetes , Blas to- at the apex of a long$ 'lender*

c l a d i a l e s ) , organisms be l i eved from p rev ious s t u d i e s The ultrastructure of f rom both

t o have no c a p a c i t y f o r o x i d a t i v e metabolism, may types o f sporangia was s t u d i e d wi th l i g h t and e l e c -

indicate res idual oxidative capabilities and deserves t r o n microscopy. Electron-dense bands, resembl ing a

c l o s e r s c r u t i n y . Crude e x t r a c t s from o b l i g a t e l y r h i z o p l a s t , a r e found a t t h e s i d e s and a n t e r i o r end

aerobic Oomycetes exhibit strong CN-sensitive catal- of t h e b a s a l body. C l u s t e r s o f sma l l v e s i c l e s w i t h

ase activity (polarographically-monitored break- smooth s u r f a c e s fill t h e cytoplasm around t h e b a s a l

down), whereas v e r y f e r m e n t a t i v e s p e c i e s e x h i i t body. S p a t i a l l y a s soc ia t ed wi th t h e b a s a l body t h e r e is a type 1 A microbody-lipid g lobu le complex (MLC)

l i t t l e o r no a c t i v i t y . Attempts t o demonstra te c a t - activity in t h e B las toc lad ia l e s have f a i l e d , which One many lipid globules. The

microbody is ex tens ive , branching around each l i p i d bu t t h e o b l i g a t e ae robes g s t o c l a d i e l l a and Allomyces show r a p i d and i n t e n s e cytochemical s t a i n i n g f o r

g lobule and enc los ing a p o r t i o n of t h e r h i z o p l a s t . Also i n t h e MLC, a smooth su r faced c i s t e r n a extends

peroxidase . B l a s t o c l a d i a ramosa shows l i t t l e o r no from t h e e x t e r i o r f a c e s of l i p i d g lobu les t o t h e s i d e such s t a i n i n g . It appea r s , t h e r e f o r e , t h a t a l though of t h e nucleus . Mitochondria wi th predominantly

s p h e r i c a l p r o f i l e s a r e s c a t t e r e d throughout t h e zoo-

spore body, but several are always adjacent to the microbody and, hence, these are also part of the MLC. Several rudimentary dictyosomes lie between the basal body and the M C . Adjacent to a dictyosome there is typically a contractile vacuole which is surrounded by numerous vesicles with rough surfaces. Before the zoospore encysts, the flagellum is pulled straight into the zoospore body. In the encysted zoospore, multivesicular vesicles surround the dis- persing flagellar axoneme, the contractile vacuole disassociates, and remnants of the MLC persist. The structure of the interface established between sessile sporangia and the host will be described, and the phylogenetic implication of the zoospore structure will be discussed.

M. J. Powell see Dorward C3

served w i t h a H i t a c h i S450. Hhen observed w i t h SEM t h e a s c i d i d n o t have a

demonstrable preformed l i n e o f deh i scence. A f t e r t h e ma tu ra t i on o f t h e ascospore w a l l t h e ornament- a t i o n i s then depos i ted by t h e ascospore d e l i m i t i n g membranes p resen t i n e p i p l asm. A d d i t i o n a l e l e c t r o n t r a n s l u c e n t m a t e r i a l a1 so i s depos i ted o u t s i d e of t h e ascospore ornaments. When viewed w i t h t h e SEM t h i s ex t ra-ornamenta l substance appears t o be ge l a t - inous o r mucoid, and i t becomes l e s s apparent as t he ascospore matures. I n E. granu la tus t h e a s c i do n o t a r i s e f rom a c r o z i e r system b u t i n s t e a d they a r e produced d i r e c t l y f rom t h e ascogenous hyphal c e l l S. Ascus fo rma t i on has n o t been f o l l o w e d i n E. p e r s o o n i i .

D. A. Samuelson see Benny C36; Jacobs C42; Samuelson C38

C. G. Shaw see Harrington C21 C33 IAN D. REID. National Research Council of Canada. Saskatoon, Sask. Canada S7N OW9. Growth and Lignin Degradation by White-rot Fungi Under Increased Oxygen Pressures.

Following reports that an atmosphere of pure oxygen stimulates lignin metabolism by Phanero- chaete chrysosporium, I measured lignin degradation by various white-rot fungi in atmospheres of air and 02. All eight species tested degraded lignin at least as well in 02 as in air, and two of them degraded lignin significantly better in

02. P. chrysosporium was much more responsive to increased oxygen concentration than the other fungi. An 0 atmosphere did not markedly inhibit growth of agltated liquid cultures of four species tested, but did consistently increase C02 production. Because an atmosphere of 0 increased lignin degradation by a larger factor tgan carbo- hydrate consumption, it improved the selectivity of lignin removal from aspen wood by P . chrysosporium. In 2 atm of 0 P. chrysosporium 2' - degraded lignin at the same rate as in 1 atm 02. However, 3 atm of 0 inhibited the fungus, and 4 atm O2 killed it.2 0 pressures above 1 arm did not increase the selecgivity of lignin removal.

T. L. Richards see Abney C31

W. K. Smith see Allen C28

W. R. Solomon see Burge C49

G. W. Sovocool see Graham C60

PETER D. STAHL. Department of Botany, Univer- C20 sity of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071. Identification of mycorrhizal spore types in Wyoming .

Soils from several geographic regions of Wyoming were found to contain a variety of large fungal spores resembling chlamydospores of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A study was under- taken to determine if these spores are propagules of mycorrhizal fungi. Soil samples from each region were found to have a unique content of spores and appeared to vary according to climate and vegetation. Spore types differed in size, shape, and color and often formed a continuum from one type to the next. Spore types were character- ized based on morphology, germination characteristics, growth habit, and ability to form vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizae on test plants Bouteloua %racilis, kropyron smithii and barley.

c38 DON A. SAMUELSON, GERALD L. BENNY*, LEE A . J A C O B S ~ , and JAMES W. KIMBROUGH. Department o f Botany, and Department o f F r u i t crops2, U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a , W. L. STEFFENS* AND J. P. ;O:IES. Dept. of Plant C7 Gainesv i l l e , F l o r i d a 3261 1. Pathology and Crop Physiology and Agricultural

Stud ies i n t he Ontogeny o f Elaphomyces

Species o f Elaphomyces, o r t he f a l s e - t r u f f l e s , have been c l a s s i f i e d i n e i t h e r t he Plectomycetes o r i n t h e Discomycetes. The genus con ta ins about 35 m v c o r r h i z a l soecies. These f u n a i a r e hvooaeal and. t h e r e f o r e , a re d i f f i c u l t t o c o l i e c t . T ~ O glaphomyces species, E. granu la tus F r . and E. p e r s o o n i i V i t t . were c o l l e c t e d ove r a ~ e r i o d o f t ime i n t h e Gaines- v i l l e area, p e r m i t t i n g ' u s t o s tudy va r i ous ascus and ascospore developmental stages.

Fresh ascocarps were f i x e d i n 9 s t r e n g t h Karnovsky o r a m o d i f i e d Carnoy s o l u t i o n . Karnovsky f i x e d mat- e r i a l was p o s t - f i x e d i n 1% OsO4, dehydra ted i n ethan- o l , and embedded i n S p u r r ' s r e s i n . Ul t r a t h i n sec t - i o n s were s t a i n e d w i t h e i t h e r s i l v e r methenamine, ba r i um permanganate, o r l e a d c i t r a t e - u r a n y l ace ta te , and then observed w i t h a P h i l l i p s 200 TEM. M a t e r i a l processed f o r SEM was dehydrated i n e thano l a f t e r f i x a t i o n , c r i t i c a l - p o i n t d r i e d , g o l d coated, and ob-

Experiment Station, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. The Ultrastructure of Ascospore Ontogeny in Eleutherascus peruvianus.

The genus Eleutherascus is composed of several species of simple, inoperculate, aperidiate discomycetes. The morphology of the ascospores and the method by which the asci are initially derived have led to a consideration of species of this genus as being highly reduced members of the Pezizales. A study utilizing optical and electron microscopy has revealed the processes of ascus development, ascospore delimitation, and formation of the characteristic outer spore wall ornamentations. Croziers developing from short ascogenous hyphae swell into globose inoperculate asci containing a granular homogeneous cytoplasm. Ascus vesicle formation commences with a fusion of numerous smaller membrane fragments which are possibly contributed by the action of ascus plasmalemmasome. Delimitation

of t h e a scospores by an i n v a g i n a t i o n of t h e s i n g l e l a r g e a scus v e s i c l e around t h e nuc lea r me io t i c pro- d u c t s r e s u l t s i n 8 o r fewer proascospores . A per iod of i n t e n s e s p o r e w a l l format ion and d i f f e r - e n t i a t i o n then ensues , w i th t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c w a l l ornamenta t ions be ing de r ived by d i f f e r e n t i a l growth of t h e exospore w a l l .

C 1 HENRY STEMPEN and ROBERT C . EVANS*, Biology Department, Ru tge r s U n i v e r s i t y , Camden, NJ 08102. C o r r e l a t i o n o f U l t r a s t r u c t u r a l and His tochemical S t u d i e s on Wal ls o f Germinating Spores o f F u l i g o s e p t i c a .

l i g n i n and 27% of t h e g lucan , amounts which were n o t s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i f f e r e n t from t h e amounts degraded by a white-rot bas id iomycete , Cor io lus v e r s i c o l o r . Smal ler amounts o f l i g n i n and glucan were degraded by Hypoxylon se rpens , 11. cohaerens v a r . microsporum, Poronia punc ta t a and Xy la r i a hypoxylon. I n a l l t h e c u l t u r e s , a d d i t i o n a l l i g n i n and glucan, which amounted t o 3.3-4.4% and 3.7-8.5%, r e s p e c t i v e l y , were conver ted t o water -soluble compounds t h a t were not degraded f u r t h e r t o carbon d iox ide .

L. H. T i f f any s e e Kl ich C13

D. TeStrake bJagner-Merner s e e Duncan C62 U l t r a t h i n s e c t i o n s o f s p o r e s o f Fu l igo s e p t i c a demonst ra ted t h a t t h e wa l l c o n s i s t s of an o u t e r e l ec t ron -dense and an i n n e r e l e c t r o n - t r a n s p a r e n t STEVEN A. WARNER* and A . J . DOMNAS, Department of C26 l a y e r . A t h i n e l ec t ron -dense r eg ion was commonly Botany, Un ive r s i t y of North Ca ro l ina , Chapel H i l l , found wi th in t h e l a t t e r . During germinat ion , t h e N . C . 27514. Metabolism and Fa te of S t e r o l s i n o u t e r w a l l l a y e r s p l i t s open, but t h e i n n e r l a y e r Two Species of Lagenidium. t e n d s t o remain a t l e a s t p a r t i a l l y i n t a c t du r ing t h e e a r l y s t a g e s . The most v i s i b l e evidence o f Lagenidium giganteum (Couch), a mosqui to-paras i t iz - t h i s i s t h e p re sence of t h e t h i n e l ec t ron -dense ing fungus , must have exogenous s t e r o l s (e .g . cho- l a y e r which forms a con t inuous cove r ing ove r t h e l e s t e r o l ) i n i t s medium t o produce t h e zoospores ~ r o t o p l a s t through t h e open s p l i t region. which i n f e c t mosquito l a r v a e . I n c o n t r a s t , t h e con- chemical t e s t s u s i n g L-dihydroxyphenyla lanine gener L. c a l l i n e c t e s (Couch), a p a r a s i t e of b l u e (L-DOPA) a s a s u b s t r a t e sugges t t h e presence of c r ab ova , r e a d i l y produces zoospores and biosynthe- pe rox idase but no t poly-phenoloxidase a c t i v i t y i n s i z e s i t s own s t e r o l s . The mosquito p a r a s i t e is t h e i n n e r w a l l l a y e r and p a r t i c u l a r l y in t h e thin* unable t o s y n t h e s i z e s t e r o l s because i t cannot pro- e l ec t ron -dense l a y e r l o c a t e d wi th in it. T h i s duce mevalonic a c i d , a key s t e r o l p r e c u r s o r . This ' a c t i v i t y i s no t appa ren t u n t i l t h e s p l i t t i n g o f has been demonstrated by i t s i n a b i l i t y t o incorpo-

$'';'{&the o u t e r wa l l i s i n i t i a t e d . Evidence r a t e r ad io l abe l l ed compounds which a r e normally ' f o r t h e p re sence of pe rox idase a c t i v i t y a t t h e formed p r i o r t o mevalonic a c i d i n t o a r a d i o l a b e l l e d r~~;P"L~~r s u r f a c e of t h e swarm c e l l s . The f u n c t i o n of

L (1). s t e r o l ; bu t r a d i o l a b e l l e d mevalonic a c i d is s o

pe rox idase i n t h e germinat ion P roces s can be inco rpo ra t ed . L. giganteum takes up exogenous

1 s p e c u l a t e d upon a t t h i s t ime . s t e r o l i n 3 hours a s opposed t o L. c a l l i n e c t e s i n which uptake is apparent only a f t e r s e v e r a l days .

P. Stumhofer s e e Jaworski C25 Ne i the r organism is capab le of performing major t r ans fo rma t ions (e .g . c leavage of t h e a c y l cha in o r

K. Suberkropp s e e A r s u f f i C14 ca rbocyc l i c r i n g s y n t h e s i s ) on any s t e r o l s o f a r t e s t e d , such a s l a n o s t e r o l o r c h o l e s t e r o l . Latho- s t e r o l , which induces t h e format ion of oogonia- l ike

G - Sunda s e e Gessner ~ 5 5 s t r u c t u r e s i n L. giganteum, is t ransformed t o c h o l e s t a n o l which i s f u r t h e r reduced t o c h o l e s t e r o l .

C32 .JOHN B. sUTHERLAND* and DON L. CRAWFORD. Depart- A sma l l percentage of t h e admin i s t e r ed s t e r o l is ment of Bac te r io logy and Biochemis t ry , Un ive r s i t y r a p i d l y e s t e r i f i e d wi th f a t t y a c i d s . These e s t e r s o f Idaho, Moscow, I D 83843. Lignin and c e l l u l o s e have been observed a s e a r l y a s 3 hours a f t e r expo- decomposit ion by x y l a r i a c e o u s fung i . s u r e t o c h o l e s t e r o l . Four major s t e r o l e s t e r s have

been iso la ted--one , c h o l e s t e r y l i s o - a r a c h i d a t e , is F ive s p e c i e s o f t h e Xy la r i aceae , i n c l u d i n g f u n g i composed of an unusual f a t t y a c i d . t y p i c a l l y found on ba rk , wood and dung, were s t u d i e d wi th r e spec t t o t h e i r a b i l i t y t o degrade t h e l i g n i n and glucan components o f maple l i g n o c e l l u l o s e . Twigs of Acer p l a t a n o i d e s were l a b e l e d wi th r ad io - a c t i v e carbon i n e i t h e r t h e l i g n i n o r g lucan compo- nen t by f eed ing twigs wi th l a b e l e d pheny la l an ine o r g lucose , r e s p e c t i v e l y . The phloem l a y e r was r e - moved, ground and e x t r a c t e d wi th ho t water and o r - ganic s o l v e n t s . P o r t i o n s of t h e l i g n o c e l l u l o s e were p laced i n c u l t u r e t u b e s and s t e r i l i z e d b e f o r e addi- t i o n of a l i q u i d medium c o n t a i n i n g yeas t e x t r a c t , acid-hydrolyzed c a s e i n and ino rgan ic s a l t s . Cu l tu re t u b e s were then inocu la t ed wi th t h e f u n g i , f i t t e d wi th bubbler t ubes and incubated a t 28 C w i th con- s t a n t a e r a t i o n . Labeled carbon d i o x i d e , t rapped i n aqueous sodium hydroxide , and l a b e l e d water -soluble compounds were measured by l i q u i d s c i n t i l l a t i o n coun t ing methods. A f t e r 60 days , R o s e l l i n i a l imoni- i s p o r a had degraded t o carbon d iox ide 4.2% of t h e

S. A. Warner s e e Graham C60

LIDIA S. WATRUD*, JOSEPH J. HEITHAUS, 111, and MARGARET A. MILLER-WIDEMAN. MONSANTO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS CO., ST. LOUIS, MO 63166. Sequential germinations of the vesicular - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Giqaspora marqarita.

Using nuclear stains, single azygospores of Gigaspora margarita were seen to be highly multinucleate. On aqueous agar medium, single germ tubes were generally associated with given azygospores. Using a "colony" diameter method to measure radial

growth from s m a l l groups of azygo- s p o r e s , m y c e l i a l regrowth i n t e r p r e t e d t o i n c l u d e new germ t u b e s h a s been obse rved f o l l o w i n g s e q u e n t i a l r e p l a t - i n g s o f azygospore groups s e v e r e d from t h e i r a t t a c h e d hyphae. I n f e c t i - v i t y and r e p r o d u c t i v e c a p a c i t y of azygospores s o " r e - g e r m i n a t e d " , h a s been demons t ra ted . These r e s u l t s s u g g e s t t h a t t h e m u l t i n u c l e a t e c o n d i t i o n and a c a p a c i t y f o r m u l t i p l e s p o r e r e g e r m i n a t i o n s may b e e c o l o g i - c a l l y advantageous r e g a r d i n g t h e i n f e c t i v i t y of t h i s v e s i c u l a r - a r b u s c u l a r mycor rh iza l fungus .

D. 3 . Weber see Gunasekaran C29

C17 W I D D E N . PAUL. Biology Dept. Loyola Campus, Con- cordia University. 7141 Sherbrooke W . Montreal, Quebec. H4B 1R6. Ef fec t s of Temperature on Competition between Trichoderma Species i n a Model System.

A simple system is described whereby competition between species of microfungi f o r a given subs t ra te can be t e s t e d . This system was used t o inves t iga te the inf luence of temperature on competition between 5 sympatric spec ies of Trichoderma, o r i g i n a l l y i so- l a t e d from a Norway spruce f o r e s t s o i l i n Canada. Using Norway spruce l i t t e r a s a s u b s t r a t e i t was possible t o show t h a t a t low temperatures (S°C) T. polysporum was the most successful competitor and a t 10°C T. v i r i d e was the most successful competitor. A t h igher temperatures T. koningi i (lS°C, 2S°C) and T. hamatum ( 2 O D C ) were the b e t t e r competitors. - - These da ta were i n agreement with da ta on the season- a l i t y of these spec ies , t h a t is T. polysporum and T. v i r i d e had t h e i r maximum frequencies during - - cooler periods of the year , whi l s t T. koningi i occurred more frequent ly a t warmer periods of the year. A notable exception t o t h l s was an undescribed s t r a i n of Trichoderma (LP58), which was the most abundant species i n the summer months, though experimental data suggest t h a t i t i s not a good com- p e t i t o r a t any temperature.

These data confirm the view t h a t an important mechanism whereby sympatric species of Trichoderma may be coexist ing i s by c rea t ing a number of niches, based on d i f fe rences i n seasonal response.

(Supported by Grant No. A 9 9 7 2 from t h e National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada.)

C50 BONNIE J. W I L N , Environmental Protect ion Group, FSL, US Army Natick R & D Command, Natick, MA 01760. The Aerobiology of a Tropical Test Chamber.

Environmental t e s t chambers a r e used f o r determining t h e res i s tance of m i l i t a r y equipment to the e f f e c t s of fungal growth under conditions favorable f o r t h e i r development. Spore suspensions of spec i f ied fungal s t r a i n s a r e sprayed onto the t e s t i tems, then t h e equipment is incubated f o r s t i p u l a t e d periods of time under designated conditions of temperature and humidity. The dimensions of the t r o p i c a l t e s t chamber used a t t h e US Army Natick R & D Command a r e 6.9 x 7.5 x 3.6 m. So i l b u r i a l t e s t s a r e a l s o conducted i n the room. Under proper conditions. the

temperature of the chamber is maintained a t 3 0 ' ~ + 4 7

1°c and 95% + 5% RH f o r twenty hours, then cycled to 2 5 ' ~ + 1°c and 100% RH f o r four hours. There have been discussions over the years a s to the necessi ty of inoculat ing mater iel exposed i n the chamber, and a l s o , what organisms should be used i f inoculat ion is necessary. A t o t a l of 48 experiments were run i n the chamber t o determine numbers and kinds of fungi present . The t e s t setup consis ted of a vacuum pump with a b u i l t - i n flow meter a t tached by a hose to the bottom of a Reynier s l i t -sampler . A clock mechanism i n the bottom of the sampler turns a metal drum f o r one-half hour as a i r is drawn through the sampler a t a flow r a t e of 28.3LIminute. The sampler holds 150 mm diam. p e t r i p l a t e s , containing 80 m l of agar medium, and nine p la tes were exposed during each experiment. From our experiments, we have found representat ives of a l l the genera of fungi required i n spec i f ica t ion t e s t i n g , plus representat ives of many genera found i n the na tura l environment, thus jus t i fy ing our p rac t ice of not inoculat ing mate r ie l placed i n the chamber f o r degradation s tud ies .

S.-Pin Yei see Amon C43

MUJEEB H. Zoberi, 307-3400 Riverspray Crescent, C66 Hississauga, Gnt. LAY 3M5. Mycoflora of a Termite H i l l .

Termite Nlls are very s t r i k i n g s t r u c t u r e s and may vary in shape according t o t h e l o c a l environmental conditions. The te rmi te n e s t s i t u a t e d within these Nlls c o n s i s t s of an i n t r i c a t e system including underground tunnels f o r t h e s a f e movement of termites , an air-condit ioned c e n t r a l chamber with minute v e n t i l a t i o n s , and t h e picture- sque fungus garden. The queen's c e l l l i e s l i k e a f o r t w i t h i n t h e c e n t r a l chamber and is surrounded by a s e r i e s of fungus gardens. These gardens insu- l a t e d f r o m t h e ou te r environments were found t o d i f f e r in t h e i r species composition from t h e muddy l a y e r s of t h e h i l l and its oute r environments. The s t u d i e s suggest a symbiotic associat ion of t e rmi tes and fungi. Twenty-seven spec ies represent ing 17 genera were i s o l a t e d from t h e four d i f f e r e n t zones of the N11. Although abundant c l u s t e r s of small spher ica l swell ings ( sphemles ) were found growing i n t h e g a d e n , it was no t possible t o e s t a b l i s h any f u r t h e r growth f r o m these. Species of Termitomyces were not found in t h e +month c o l l e c t i n g period in any of t h e f o u r l a y e r s of t h e N11. The te rmi te h i l l chosen f o r this study was b u i l t by Macrotermes n a t a l e n s i s in Nigeria.

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