Socialization

ReflectionWhat does it mean to be human?It is society that makes people

‘Human’???How would be human if they isolated from

society at early age?What is the source of our “humanness”?

Are we born with these human characteristicsOr, do we develop them through our

interactions with others?

SocializationThe lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society. It is the basis for identity or how one defines themselves.

Why is socialization lifelong?

Lifelong Learning

Change in Status – new rules, roles, relationships

Anticipatory Socialization

Process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles.

Rites of passage

Theorist and Philosophers

1. Cooley

2. Mead

3. Piaget

4. Freud5. Kohn

a. coined the term “looking-glass self”

b. coined the term “generalized other”

c. studied development of the ability to reason

d. id, ego, and superegoe. studied social class differences in

child rearing

Concepts and Meanings

1. Looking-glass self

2. Significant other

3. Gender socialization

4. Peer group

5. Resocialization

a. developed by Charles Cooley

b. an individual who significantlyaffects a person’s life

c. learning to be “male” or “female”

d. groups of individuals approximately the same age

e. process of learning new norms

HypothesizeIf we are socialized by external forces

(nurture), are there any aspects of our social selves that might be in-born (nature).

Is our need for human affection a product of nature or nurture?

What can the monkeys tell us?

What does the “looking glass” tell us about ourselves?

Guiding Question: How do we know what the social expectations of

society are and how do they affect us?

Agents Of Socialization

In life one person can take on many roles. Within these roles are expected behaviors. When you came into school today, you took on the role of a student. What expectations are involved with being a student? If you are able to identify expectations, how did you come to know what those expected behaviors are?

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION

oFAMILYoMEDIAoPEERSoRELIGIONoSPORTS oSCHOOL

HOW DO YOU THINK EACH AGENT HAS INFLUENCED YOUR OWN SOCIALIZATION OR UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS?

Respond the followings:

Is the socialization experience the same for everyone?

What can make it different?

GENDER ROLESWhat are women supposed to be like? How are they supposed to act, look, dress, etc? What types of jobs are they supposed to have?

What are men supposed to be like? How are they supposed to act, look, dress, etc? What types of jobs are they supposed to have?

Timeline of Life

What are the major changes that take place at each stage?Infancy and ChildhoodAdolescenceAdulthoodOld AgeDeath and Dying

Infancy and ChildhoodSense of selfMicro-level

Families – provide warmth, trust, security (Trust v. Mistrust – Erik Erikson)

Abuse – low self-esteem, isolation, mistrust, powerlessness

Macro-levelPublic Institutions – policies

and practices to promote positive childrearing

DiscussionWhat is the most difficult aspect of being a teenager?

AdolescenceBuffer between childhood

and adulthoodFormal Operational Stage

(Piaget)Often characterized by

emotional and social unrest

Teens develop their own identity (conflict with adults) (Identity v. Role Confusion - Erikson)

SES impact on this period (shortened or lengthened)

AdulthoodFreedom of ChoiceYoung Adulthood

Financial self-support (Job)Goals of creating meaningful

relationships, seeking personal fulfillment (Intimacy v. Isolation)

Workplace socializationMiddle Adulthood

Compare accomplishments with earlier expectations

Reach goals or recognize limits

Old AgeIntegrity v. Despair (Erikson)May experience social devaluation

A person or group is considered to have less social value than other persons or groups

Death and DyingExperience decreased physical ability,

lower prestige, prospect of deathCome to terms with one’s own mortality

Example – What is Masculinity?

How have the men in this video been socialized to be “masculine”? Were they born that way or did they learn to act the way they do?