Socialization. Personal Socialization Experiences What have you learned from your family?...
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Transcript of Socialization. Personal Socialization Experiences What have you learned from your family?...
Personal Socialization Experiences
What have you learned from your family? Consider...
• Attitudes: a state of mind or a disposition: attitude towards something...
• Beliefs: the basic understandings you hold; may be religious
• Norms: expected patterns of behaviour with in a specific group of individuals
• Values: principles which are important to you; intangibles
A Definition…
• the lifelong process by which people acquire attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour patterns expected of a specific society
Agents of Socialization
1. The Family• the primary agent of socialization• first & longest lasting agent• gives a child his identity, status• provides role models for acceptable
behaviour• passes on norms, values, traditions• teaches sex roles
2. The School• a secondary agent of socialization• organizes social relationships• prepares child for adult life through occupation
preparation• teaches norms, society behaviour, values
(democracy, fairness, patience, cooperation, etc)
– 1st time you were under control of an adult other than a parent.• Teacher kind but not affectionate in same
way as parents• Teacher enforced rules impartially and did
not allow the kind of exceptions to them that parents might.
• Rules not negotiated• Some children soon discovered, received
more than others = rewards, and prizes or more attention for undesirable behaviour
• Therefore classroom was an unequal place despite teachers efforts
3. The Peer Group
• a secondary agent
• provides a reference group for children
• the setting for children to develop close
relationships with others
• opportunities to experience independence & social skills
1) they serve as a reference group
2) teach or socialize individuals about how to share, handle conflict, participate in activities with others, measure one’s physical social and mental abilities
3) 3) support a young person when dealing with adult authority
4. The Media
• a secondary agent
• teaches functions of society, norms, values, ideals (both positive & negative)
5. Others
• secondary agents
• includes church, community agencies, athletic teams, daycare centre, etc
Issues in Socialization
1. It is believed that children are active participants in their own socialization (they are not passive recipients)
- the process is interactive as a result of environmental stimulation opportunities
2. Socialization is a two-way process; as the caregivers are socializing the child, the child is also socializing the caregivers
- this is a process of mutuality
3. Socialization is a lifelong process
- primary socialization is more focussed during childhood & adolescence
- primary socialization lays the foundation for later learning but does not entirely prepare individuals for adulthood
4. Adolescent Socialization
• teen years are often considered a time of ‘crisis’
• a period of tension between the dependence of the past & the anticipated independence of the future
• - becoming less oriented to parents & more oriented to peers & other adults
6. Gender Socialization
• definition - the processes by which people learn to be masculine or feminine according to the expectations
current in their society
• sex-role stereotyping may begin even before birth
• from birth, boys & girls are handled differently• boys: jostled with, played with more roughly,
handled more as an infant, punished more, have
more freedom, not encouraged to be effeminate• girls: cuddled, talked to more, punished with
more gentle reprimands, encouraged to be neat,
obedient, feminine, quieter, passive, controlled