Social Toothbrush: Fostering Family Nudging around Tooth Brushing Habits
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Transcript of Social Toothbrush: Fostering Family Nudging around Tooth Brushing Habits
Ana Caraban
Social Toothbrush: Fostering Family Nudging around Tooth Brushing Habits.
Caraban, A., Ferreira, M. J., Gouveia, R., Karapanos, E. (2015) Social Toothbrush: Fostering Family Nudging around Tooth Brushing Habits. In adjunct proceedings of Ubicomp’15
Problem statement
1. Individuals often fail to adopt a healthy tooth brushing habit 2. 50% of the European union’s population suffers from an oral disease
3. Tooth decay, bad breath, gum disease stand out among the
common oral diseases. However, can have detrimental effects to chronic conditions 4. Oral diseases are the fourth most expensive disease to treat 5. Resources needed to prevent are much lower than treatment
Frequency
PROBLEM STATEMENT: TOOTH BRUSHING BEHAVIORS
PROPER ORAL HEALTH BEHAVIORS
Duration Performance
Literature review
Behavior change theories, Research efforts
Motivation to achieve the
goal
Ability to perform it
Trigger to initiate the
behavior
3 properties that must converge at the same moment for a behavior to occur
LITERATURE REVIEW: BEHAVIOR CHANGE THEORIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS
FOGG’S BEHAVIOR MODEL
Motivation to achieve the
goal
Ability to perform it
Trigger to initiate the
behavior
LITERATURE REVIEW: BEHAVIOR CHANGE THEORIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS
FOGG’S BEHAVIOR MODEL
3 properties that must converge at the same moment for a behavior to occur
Motivation to achieve the
goal
Ability to perform it
Trigger to initiate the
behavior
LITERATURE REVIEW: BEHAVIOR CHANGE THEORIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS
FOGG’S BEHAVIOR MODEL
3 properties that must converge at the same moment for a behavior to occur
Spinbrush
Tooth tunes
Beam brush
Squeaky clean teeth
Oral-b smartseries 5000
Molarcropolis
Plaque attack
Aquafresh brush time
TECNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
LITERATURE REVIEW: BEHAVIOR CHANGE THEORIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS
Colorful toothbrushes Tasteful toothpastes
COMERCIAL SOLUTIONS
LITERATURE REVIEW: BEHAVIOR CHANGE THEORIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS
When an individual is committed to perform a behavior and sets complex and
specific goals, he is more likely to achieve the task
LITERATURE REVIEW: BEHAVIOR CHANGE THEORIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS
GOAL SETTING THEORY
Vision-based motion tracker in the bathroom that provides real-time visualizations about the children’s performance
Interactive game aims to induce the children to complete the task of cleaning a virtual group of teeth
LITERATURE REVIEW: BEHAVIOR CHANGE THEORIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS
PLAYFUL TOOTHBRUSH
LITERATURE REVIEW: PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOGIES
THESE TECHNOLOGIES ONLY FOCUS ON ONE INDIVIDUAL
It’s the role of the technology to persuade the individual
WHAT IF WE PUSH RESPONSABILITIES TO FAMILY MEMBERS?
We now think of technologies as Social Translucent rather than persuasive. Their role is to make behaviors visible and support family members in establishing norms around their behaviors
LITERATURE REVIEW: PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOGIES
1. Visibility
Presenting socially significant information to others
LITERATURE REVIEW: THEORETICAL GROUNDING
THE SOCIAL TRANSLUCENCE THEORY
1. Visibility 2. Mutual Awareness
Presenting socially significant information to others
One’s realizations that her actions are being shared and that others are aware of her behaviors (“I know that you know”)
THE SOCIAL TRANSLUCENCE THEORY
LITERATURE REVIEW: THEORETICAL GROUNDING
1. Visibility 2. Mutual Awareness 3. Accountability
Presenting socially significant information to others
One’s realizations that her actions are being shared and that others are aware of her behaviors (“I know that you know”)
Individuals now feel accountable about their behavior and will act in a manner to gain or maintain others approval
THE SOCIAL TRANSLUCENCE THEORY
LITERATURE REVIEW: THEORETICAL GROUNDING
Survey
Understanding user’s needs and
practices
47 individuals
Interviews
11 families, 49 individuals
Self reported behaviors
2 or more times a day 97%
Reported brushing for 2 min (~2.37 min) 59%
UNDERSTANDING USER’S NEEDS AND PRACTICES
SURVEY
Self reported behaviors
2 or more times a day 97% Increase the frequency by 1 time/day 43%
2 or more times/day 18%
61% Reported brushing for 2 min (~2.37 min) 59%
SURVEY
Self reported goals
UNDERSTANDING USER’S NEEDS AND PRACTICES
39%
21% 17%
12%
Lack of motivation Unattractiveness of the task
Time constrains Frenetic lifestyles, Rotating schedules
Missing Routines
Lack of Information
Barriers against healthy tooth brushing practices
SURVEY
UNDERSTANDING USER’S NEEDS AND PRACTICES
Intra-family awareness
59% Aware of other family members’ tooth brushing practices
16% Common routines
9% As attempt to remind each other
SURVEY
UNDERSTANDING USER’S NEEDS AND PRACTICES
Intra-family influence
90% Often attempt to influence others’ tooth brushing habits
SURVEY
71% Of children are influenced by their parents
UNDERSTANDING USER’S NEEDS AND PRACTICES
“[P6] I turn the radio on every morning and only turn it off when I am leaving home. I think it motivates me to perform my daily practices and I end up leaving home in a good mood”
Parents reported several strategies to help children engage with the task:
INTERVIEWS
UNDERSTANDING USER’S NEEDS AND PRACTICES
Three main features for an effective social system:
A playful and appealing system
(visually and functionally)
1
Increases transparency of tooth brushing
behaviors
2
Enhances positive communication among family
members’
3
IMPLICATIONS FOR DESIGN
UNDERSTANDING USER’S NEEDS AND PRACTICES
Smartholder is a usual toothbrush holder that senses tooth brushing behaviors and provide feedback accordingly
A semitransparent ring that provides information about the user tooth brushing frequency surrounds each hole
On the front side of the holder four led lights per user provide instance awareness of tooth brushing duration
SMARTHOLDER: SENSING FREQUENCY AND DURATION
Music and micro-learning audio-clips are played throughout tooth
brushing, according to users’ preferences and time of the day
Arduino mega board, leds, infrared pair, low power audio amplifier, speaker, resistors, MP3 music player and 3D
printed case
The holder senses when each toothbrush is (or not) present in the holder through
infrared technology placed in the bottom
Material needed Arrangement Light feedback Audio feedback
Feedback is displayed in the top and front
sides
SMARTHOLDER: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL TOOTHBRUSH: SENSING FREQUENCY, DURATION AND PERFORMANCE
Microcontroller
Motion sensor
Bluetooth module
SD card module
RTC clock
RGB led
Battery + electronics for the inductive charging
3D printed case
SOCIAL TOOTHBRUSH (EXTENSION): SENSING FREQUENCY, DURATION AND PERFORMANCE
Data acquisition
We analyze the angle in which the toothbrush
bristles are against the fixed coordinate frame
Patterns classification
We displayed the waveforms of sensor readings and based on
given thresholds, we obtained and identified position patterns
Validation of the approach
We asked 8 individuals to perform two tooth brushing activities
during a week, using the sensing platform, in a laboratory
environment
Areas recognized
Preliminary results revealed high accuracy for the
detection of six areas yet, certain ambiguity was present
in the inner regions
SOCIAL TOOTHBRUSH (EXTENSION): SENSING FREQUENCY, DURATION AND PERFORMANCE
SOCIAL TOOTHBRUSH (EXTENSION): FEEDBACK
Good behavior Poor behavior Lack of behavior
SOCIAL TOOTHBRUSH (MOBILE APP): FEEDBACK
Messages that provides practical advices
Family member’s behaviors
Weekly or real-time mode
Visual representation of mouth areas and respective brushing stage
Current tooth brushing duration
Motivational messages
Brushing frequency
FINAL NOTES
Literature reviews showed a lack of systems that support users attaining a proper frequency, duration and performance (at once) The domain currently lacks an understanding of the effectiveness of different approaches in motivating tooth brushing behaviors through the role of family With this work we were able to:
- Understand that frequency, duration and performance of tooth brushing behaviors could be measured using appropriate technology
- Create two systems that could be embedded in a normal household - Provide means to families to coordinate tooth brushing practices by raising family member’s awareness of each
other’s behaviors
CONCLUSION
SmartHolder: sensing and raising families' awareness of tooth brushing habits. Caraban, A., Ferreira, M. J., Belim, V., Lyra, O., & Karapanos, E. (2014, June). In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Interaction design and children (pp. 341-344). ACM. Social Toothbrush: Fostering Family Nudging around Tooth Brushing Habits. Caraban, A., Ferreira, M. J., Gouveia, R., Karapanos, E. (2015) In adjunct proceedings of Ubicomp’15
CONTRIBUTIONS
FINAL NOTES
Conduct a longitudinal field study of the Social Toothbrush:
• Understand the effectiveness of Social Toothbrush as a Socially Translucent technology • Understand how Social Toothbrush can affect family communication and coordination practices
around tooth brushing • Understand if Social Toothbrush can sustain users’ engagement over time
FUTURE WORK
FINAL NOTES
THANK YOU