SOCIAL STUDIES EOCT TEST REVIEWbufordmilestones.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/4/1/... · Key Civil War...
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SOCIALSTUDIESEOCTTESTREVIEW
ImportantPeople-Events-Concepts
NewFrance
• Quebec• Fur• Fish• Trade
MercanGlism-Theoryofsetwealthintheworld.Putsemphasisontheneedformoreexportsthanimports
• Wealthfromthecoloniestothemothercountry
• Gold• TriangularOrtrans-AtlanGctrade
POWHATAN
• NATIVEAMERICANLEADER,FRIENDand
• ENEMYOFTHESETTLERSOFVIRGINIA
• Virginiaprospered–tobacco
• JamestowncolonywasestablishedtomakeaProfit
NATHANIELBACON
• —LEDREBELLIONOFPOOR
VIRGINIANSWHOWANTEDLANDANDPROTECTIONFROMINDIANS
Bacon’sRebellion
Dutch
• NewAmsterdam• Trade• HudsonRiver• BecomesNewYorkConqueredByGB
• NYC-Intheearly1800’sTheErieCanalwillconnectNYC(AtlanGc)totheGreatLakes
Pennsylvania
• WilliamPenn• Quakers• Verytolerantofothers
MiddlePassage
• AfricatotheNewWorld• SlavestoNorthAmerica• AcrosstheAtlanGc• Deadlyjourney
GreatAwakening
• Religiousrevival• Returntopu_nganimportanceonReligion
Puritanchurcheslosingmembers
• Half-wayCovenant• MakesitlessstringenttoBecomeachurchmemberAllowedchildrentobecome“parGal”members
ProclamaGonof1763
• StoppedcolonistsfromcrossingtheAppalachianMountains
• AeerFr/IndWar• AgreementbetweenGBAndNaGveAmericansItAngeredColonists!!
THOMASPAINE
• ENLIGHTENMENT• -WROTETHEPAMPHLET
COMMONSENSE–• PERSUADEDCOLONISTS
TOBREAKAWAYFROMGreatBritain
• AiackedKingGeorgeIII
JohnLocke
• Socialcontracttheory• Naturalrights(life,liberty,andproperty)• CiGzenshavetherighttoreplaceagovernmentthatisabusive
THOMASJEFFERSON
• GETSIDEASFROMSOCIALCONTRACT-THEORY(JohnLocke)
• WROTEDEC.OFIND.• COMMITTEESOF
CORRESPONDENCE• 3RDPRESIDENT• LOUIS.PURCHASE
BENJAMINFRANKLIN• AMERICANDIPLOMATTO
FRANCEDURINGAMERICANREVOLUTIONAFTERSARATOGAhe
convincedFrancetoassist• “RENAISSANCE”MAN• ENLIGHTENMENT• SOCIALMOBILITY
MARQUISDELAFAYETTE• FRENCHMILITARYGENERAL
HELPEDCOLONISTINAMERICANREVOLUTION
• VALLEYFORGE• Washingtonand
LaFayeietrainedColonialsoldiersduringharshwinter
GENERALLORDCORNWALLIS
• BRITISHGENERAL• SURRENDEREDTO
G.WASHINGTONATYORKTOWN
• BriGshweresurroundedbyFrenchNavybyseaandColonialandFrenchTroopsbyland
• TreatyofParis1783EndsRevoluGonaryWar
ArGclesofConfederaGon
• ARTICLESOFCONFEDERATION(GovtduringandaeerRevWar)
Couldn’ttaxorcontroltrade
(weaknaGonalgovernment)
SHAYSREBELLION• FARMER(DANIELSHAYS-
LEDREBELLIONAGAINSTMASSACHUSETTSGOVERNMENTOVERTAXES
• DROUGHTS• FARMERSCOULDN’TPAY
MORTGAGEANDWERELOSINGFARMS
• Mass.MiliGaputdownrebellion,butotherstatesweren’taspowerful
FEDERALISTSWantedastrongNaGonal
Government• Supportedthe
ConsGtuGon• AlexanderHamilton• LeadingFederalist• AUTHOROFFEDERALIST
PAPERS(PersuasiveessaystryingtogainsupportfortheConsAtuAon)
JAMESMADISON
• FATHEROFCONSTITUTION
AnGFederalists
• AnG–FederalistsfearedastrongFederalGovernmentanddemandedtheBillofRights
• BillofRights-1st10amendmentstoconsGtuGon(Guaranteedpersonalfreedoms)
USConsGtuGon
• 3/5’sCompromise-Slaverycompromise5slaves=3people
• GreatCompromise-RepresentaGonoflargestates(VirginiaPlan)basedonpopulaGonandsmallstates(NewJerseyPlan)-1state1vote– Developedabicameral(2house)legislature(Senate2perstate–HouseofRepsbasedonpopulaGon)
GeorgeWashington
• FirstPresidentundernewGovernment• Served2terms(setprecedent)unGlFDR• WarnedagainstpoliGcalparGesandforeignalliances
JOHNADAMS
• 2NDPRESIDENT• DIPLOMAT• NON-INTERVENTIONInEuropeanWars(FrenchandBriGsh)
LouisianaPurchase&LEWISANDCLARK
• ThomasJefferson(3rdpresident)purchasedlandfromFrance(Napoleon)for$15million
• DoubledsizeofUSA• LEWISANDCLARK
EXPLOREDNEWTERRITORY(LOUISIANATOPACIFICOCEAN)
• EXAMPLEOFMAINFESTDESTINY(OurGodgivenrighttotakeoverallwestwardterritory)
Warof1812-USv.GB
• Causes• TraderestricGons• Blockade• Impressment(ForcingUSciGzenstobecomeBriGshsoldiers)
• BriGshIncitementofNaGveAmericans
• Landhunger
• Results(USAWins!!)• Pride• NaGonalism
JAMESMONROE
• MONROEDOCTRINE-WARNSEUROPEANPOWERSTOSTAYOUTOFWESTERNHEMISPHERE
• NOMOREEUROPEANCOLONIESALLOWEDWHERETHEYDON’TALREADYEXIST
ELIWHITNEY
• COTTONGIN• INTERCHANGEABLE
PARTS(Rifle)• Increaseincoion
producGon(increaseinslavery)
ManifestDesGny
• ItwasourGodgivenrighttomovewest.
• Expandterritory• Spreadthegospel• Weweresuperior– Indians
ELIZABETHCADYSTANTON
• ORGANIZEDSENECAFALLSCONVENTION1848
• WOMEN’SSUFFRAGE• BeginningofWomen’s
Right’sMovement
ANDREWJACKSON
• COMMONMAN—JACKSONIANDEMOCRACY
• SUFFRAGE—MOREPEOPLEWEREABLETOVOTE(LieedpropertyrestricGons)
• IndianRemovalacts– Trailoftears
ExpansionConflicts
• MissouriCompromise-1820– Missouri-SlaveMaine-FreeMasonDixonline
• Compromiseof1850– Calif.Free–PopularsovereigntyinWest– FugiGveslaveact
• Kansas-NebraskaAct– Popularsovereignty– “BleedingKansas”CrazyJohnBrown
NatTurner• HeledaslaverebellionthattookplaceinVirginia1831.
• theSouthpassednewlaws
WILLIAMLLOYDGARRISON
• WHITEABOLITIONIST• NEWSPAPER-“THE
LIBERATOR”
FREDERICKDOUGLAS
• FORMERSLAVE• ABOLITIONIST–GAVE
SPEECHES
JOHNC.CALHOUN-SouthCarolina
• NullificaGon-ofFed.Laws• Believedstronglyin
slaveryandstate’srights• Tariff1832
DAVIDWILMOT(PROVISO)
• WILMOTPROVISO-• NOSLAVERYIN
TERRITORYTHATWEOBTAINEDFROMMEXICO–(Mex.AmericanWar)
DREDSCOTT
• SLAVE-UNSUCCESSFULLYSUEDFORHISFREEDOM
• SupremeCourtProtectedslaveryundertheConsGtuGon
• territorycouldnotdenyslavery-MadeMissouriCompromiseillegal
JOHNBROWN
• CRAZYWHITEABOLITIONIST
• WANTEDTOLEADASLAVEREBELLIONINHARPERSFERRY.SeizedtheFederalArsenal.
• RobertELeeCaughthimandhewasexecuted
ABRAHAMLINCOLN• PRES.OFUS-1860• UNION-MOREINDUSTRY(RR)• GoalwastoHOLDTHEUNION
TOGETHER• GETTYSBURGADDRESS-2nd
INAUGURALADDRESS–saidnottoletthemenwhodiedtodieinVain
• ANTIETAM-BloodiestsingledayofbaileinCivilWar
• EMANCIPATIONPROCLAMATION-“Freed”slavesintheConfederacy
SuspensionofHabeasCorpus
• DuringtheCivilWar,LincolnsuspendedmanyrightsandliberGesinordertosupportthewareffort
ULYSSESS.GRANT
• COMMANDEROFUNIONARMY(CIVIL.WAR)
• VICKSBURGHERO• ACCEPTEDSURRENDER
OFLEE
ROBERTE.LEE
• GENERALOFCSA(CIVILWAR)
• DEFEATEDATGETTYSBURG
• SURRENDEREDTOGRANTATAPPOMATTOX
T.“STONEWALL“JACKSON
• LEE’S2NDINCOMMAND• BULLRUNHERO• DIEDAT
CHANCELLORSVILLEBATTLE
WILLIAMSHERMAN
• MARCHTOTHESEA• BURNEDDOWNATLANTA• DESTROYED
TRANSPORTATION(R.R.)
JEFFERSONDAVIS
• PRESIDENTOFCONFEDERACY
KeyCivilWarBailes
• Ge#ysburg-– NorthandSouthfoughtinPennsylvania
– RobertELeeandtheSouthweredefeated
– HighcasualGes– Turningpoint
• Vicksburg-– FoughtalongtheMississippiRiver
– GrantandtheNorthwerevictorious
– SuccessfullydividedtheSouth
Ba#leofAtlanta– ShermanwonBaileandmarchedtothesea
ANDREWJOHNSON
• IMPEACHED-B/COFVIOLATINGTHE“TENUREOFOFFICEACT”
• OPPOSEDTHERADICALREPUBLICANS
• ReconstrucGon
Amendments
• 13thAmendment(FreedSlaves)• 14thAmendment(GaveCiGzenship)• 15thAmendment(VoGngRights)
Si_ngBull
• Siouxleader• GhostDance• WoundedKnee• Si_ngBullandManySiouxkilled
IndustrialGrowthLate1800’s
• Steel(Carnegie)-Railroads• NewimmigrantsSouthern-EasternEurope• EllisIsland(NYC)• Urbangrowth
ThomasAlvaEdison
• “WizardofMenloPark”• Inventor• LightBulb• Electricityonagrid• Phonograph
JOHND.ROCKEFELLER
• STANDARDOIL• TRUST• LEDTOMONOPOLY
– Controlsallaspectofamarket
SAMUELGOMPERS• AMER.FED.OFLABOR• UNIONforskilledwhite
workers• Strikes_______________________• PullmanStrike-
EugeneDebsGovernment(President)
getsinvolvedtomakesuremailgetsdelivered
EUGENEDEBS
• LeaderoftheSocialistParty
• ProtestedduringWWI• VIOLATEDTHE
ESPIONAGEACT• LedthePullmanStrike-
RR-Wages
UPTONSINCLAIR
• WROTE“THEJUNGLE”• MUCKRAKERS• EXPOSEDHORRORSOF
MEATPACKINGINDUSTRY
• FDA
IDATARBELL
• Muckraker–HelpedbreakuptheStandardOilTrust
SpanishAmericanWar
ImperialismCubaRemembertheMainePhilippinesUS-WorldPower
THEODOREROOSEVELT• ProgressivePresident• TrustBuster• HeroSpanishAm.War• PanamaCanal• ConservaGon-NaGonal
parks• RooseveltCorollary-US
wouldinterveneinLaGnAmerica
USNeutralityandUnrestrictedSubmarineWarfareinWWI
• MostAmericansagreedthatweneededtoremainNEUTRALandnotgetinvolvedina“EuropeanConflict”
• UnrestrictedSubmarineWarfarebyGermany….wasthemaincauseofUSinvolvementinWWI
WOODROWWILSON1916-Sloganwas“HeKeptusoutofWar”
• PRESWWI• 14POINTS-fourteenpoints
forpeaceaeerWWI• LEAGUEOFNATIONS-his
14thpt.AnAlliancegrouptomakesureWarneverhappenedagain
• WorldadoptsLON• USAdoesnotadopt
becausetheydidn’twanttobeGedinto“entanglingalliances”
AMENDMENTS
• 18TH• MadeproducGon,sale,
anddistribuGonofalcoholillegal
• PassedbychurchesandImmigrantwomenwhowerege_ngbeatenbydrunkenhusbands
• 19th• GaveWomentherighttovote
• AeerWWI-becauseoftheassistancewomengaveduringthewareffort
WagnerAct1935
• Madeitillegalforbusinessownerstopreventpeoplefromjoiningaunion
• Broughtbackindustrialunionism
• CollecGvebargaining
RedScare-ImmigraGonRestricGon
• 1917RussianRevoluGonledbyLeninbringsCommunismtoRussia
• AsanaGon,wehadanintensefearandhatredofCommunism
• WelimitedimmigraGontopreventCommunistsintheUSA
HENRYFORD
• ASSEMBLYLINE• MASSPRODUCTION• MODELT• Madetheautomobile
affordableforthemiddleclass
RadioandMovies
• Entertainment• CommunicaGon
LOUISARMSTRONG
• REVOLUTIONIZEDJAZZMUSIC“IMPROVISED”
LANGSTONHUGHES
• POETOFHARLEMRENAISSANCE1920’S
• CREATIVITY• Oeendescribed
hardshipsofAfricanAmericans
• Readpoetrytomusicoftheera(Jazz)
• IrvingBerlinsongwriteratTinPanAlley
HERBERTHOOVER
• PRESIDENTWHENGREATDEPRESSIONSTARTED(BLAMEDFORIT)
• HOOVERVILLES
CausesoftheGreatDepression
• 1)OverproducGon• 2)UnderConsumpGon• 3)StockmarketspeculaGon
• Stockmarketcrashedwhenpricesdroppedandeveryonesoldtheirsharesandpulledtheirmoneyoutofthebanks
• DustBowl-landoverworkedanddroughtcausedtopsoiltoblowoffduringstorms
FRANKLIND.ROOSEVELT
• PRES.DURINGTHEGREATDEP.ANDWWII• NewDeal-GreatDepressionprograms(TVA,CCC,AAA,SocialSecurity)
EleanorRoosevelt
• WorkedforHumanRights--reform• HelpedstarttheUnitedNaGons• SocialAcGvist
CourtPackingScheme
• FDRsaiempttoaddSupremeCourtJusGcestoprotecthisNewDealprograms.ItmetopposiGonandwasnotallowed
NeutralityActs• UnderFDRinthe1930s,aseriesoflawstokeepusoutofWWII-makingitillegaltolendmoney,orassistanynaGonatwar
AiackonPearlHarbor
• AiackedbyJapanonDec.7,1941…Adatewhichwillremainininfamy
• JapanwantedtotakeoutourNavalfleetinthePacificinHawaii
JapaneseInternment
• AeerPearlHarborandourInvolvementinWWII,Japanese–AmericanswereroundedupinthewesternstatesandputintointernmentCamps
Midway• TurningpointBaileinthePacific• TookoutkeyJapaneseAircraeCarriers• RetaliaGonforPearlHarbor(6monthsaeer)
D-Day---InvasionofNormandy• Largestland,air,seainvasioninHistory• AlliesinvadedGermanforcesinNormandy,FranceonJune6,1944
• LedtotheliberaGonofFrancewithover1milliontroopsgoingthroughthebeachesofNormandy
LosAlamos/AtomicBomb• ManhaianProjectwastheDevelopmentoftheAtomicBomb
• CreatedandTestedatLosAlamos,NewMexico
• TheprojectwasledbyRobertOppenheimer
G.MARSHALL(PLAN)
• AidtoRebuildEuropeaeerWWII
• Billionsof$$$• FightCommunism
HARRYS.TRUMAN
• INTEGRATIONOFMILITARY1948
• PRES.OFU.S.–DROPPEDTHEA-BOMB
JOSEPHMCCARTHY
• REDSCARE• VIOLATIONOFRIGHTS• ACCUSEDGOVT.
OFFICALSANDOTHERSOFBEINGCOMMUNIST
• HewenttoofarwhenheaccusedtheArmy.SenatehearingsfollowedandtheyfoundthattheaccusaGonshadnomerit
DwightD.Eisenhower
• CommanderD-Day• June6,1944• AlliedinvasionofNormandy,FranceinWWII
• Pres.• InterstateHighwayActwhichallowedpeopletomovetosuburbs(Leviiown)
• Sputnik(Spacerace)• RedScare
CivilRights
• “JimCrow”• SegregaGonMadeConsGtuGonalByPlessyv.Ferguson• NAACP• Klan
Civilrights#2• MLK• Ihaveadreamspeech-
WashingtonD.C.1963-InsupportoftheCivilRightsAct)
• LeierfromaBirminghamJail-SupporGngnon-violentprotest
RACHELCARSON
• WROTE“SILENTSPRING”• 1962
ENVIRONMENTALIST• LEDTOBANNINGOF
SOMEPESTICIDES• DDT–killingbabyeagles
TheWarrenSupremeCourt
• Socialchange• Brownv.Board-1954De-SegregatedSchools• Mirandav.Arizona-1977RightsreadtotheAccused
VoGngRightsAct1965
• BannedLiteracyTestsandPolltaxes• MadeiteasierforAfricanAmericanstovote
JFKAssassinaGon1963
• HewasTHECivilRightsPresident.KilledinDallasbyLeeHarveyOswald
• HisassassinaGonledtothepassageofthe1964CivilRightsAct
LyndonB.Johnson• “GreatSociety”socialplayormwhichincludedaWarOnPoverty
• MedicarelongestlasGngcomponentoftheGreatSociety
• VietnamWar-JohnsonblamedforescalaGonoftheWar“Hey,hey,LBJ…Howmanykidsdidyoukilltoday?!!”
• TetOffensive-MajorturningpointinVietnamMajorOffensivebyVietcongonVietnameseNewYearshowedthattheenemywasnotclosetosurrender.TurnedAmericansagainstWar
1968• MLKassassinatedbyJamesEarlRay(Memphis)• RobertFKennedyassassinatedbySirhanSirhaninCalifornia
• Violence,Riots,andprotestsattheChicagoDemocraGcConvenGon……caughtonTV!
• ProtestoftheVietnamWar• “TheWholeWorldisWatching!!!”
CivilRightsOrganizaGons
• SCLC-SouthernChrisGanLeadershipConference foundedbyMLK(Nonviolent)
SNCC-StudentNonviolentCoordinaGngCommiiee playedamajorpartinthesitinsandFreedomRidesoftheEra.(MoreViolent)
AnGVietnamMovement
• AsWarescalates,theAnGwarprotestsheatup– KentSt– AeerTetOffensive– In1972aeerAmericafindsoutaboutBombingraidsinCambodia
– MyLai
SupremeCourtDecisions
• RoevWade–MakesaborGonLEGAL– VeryControversal
• Californiav.Bakke–allowsAffirmaGveAcGon– Jobs/enrollmentbasedonrace/gender– Percentages/quotas
Nixon• ConservaGve-LessGovernment-lowtaxes• Watergate-Pres.NixoncoveredupabreakinattheDemocraGcNaGonalOffice,gotcaughtandresignedfromoffice
• OpenedupcommunicaGonbetweentheUSandCommunistChina
JimmyCarter• CampDavidAccords-peacebetweenEgypt-Israel-MiddleEast
• IranianHostageCrisis-IrantakesUShostagesfromUSEmbassyinTehran.Keepsfornearly200days
RonaldReagan• Reaganomics-Lowtaxes,protectwealthybusinessownerswhowillprovidejobsandsGmulatetheeconomy…..”trickledowneconomics”(ConservaGvePolicy)
• Iran-ContraScandal-ArmsforHostagesReagandeniedknowledgeCollapseofUSSR-Theycouldn’taffordtokeepupwithArmsRace
BillClinton• Impeached
• Perjury-lyingaboutLewinskyaffair• NAFTA-NorthAmericaFreeTradeAgreement– LessensrestricGonsbetweenUSA,Canada,andMexico
2000’s
• DisputedelecGonof2000-Floridavotes– ClosestelecGonever
• WaronTerrorism-Afghanistan/Iraq– OsamabinLaden,alQaeda
• GWBush-2003invasionofIraq-weaponsofmassdestrucGon(SaadamHusein)