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Social Studies Chapter 7 + 8 BROUGHT TO YOU BY MYNOTEBOOK (DANNY HABBOUSH)

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Chapter 7

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What is a Constitution? A constitution is a document that sets out the laws, principles, organization, and processes of a government.

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Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Conflicts Between States Money Problems Other Nations Took Advantage

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Conflicts Between States Disputes continued to arise among states. For example, both New Hampshire and New York claimed Vermont. The Articles did not give the central government power to resolve such conflicts.

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What plans were discussed and what compromises were made at the Constitutional Convention? Plans Discussed: Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan

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What plans were discussed and what compromises were made at the Constitutional Convention? Then Roger Sherman of Connecticut worked out a compromise that he hoped would satisfy both the large and small states called the Great Compromise

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What were the ideas behind the US Constitution? Independence and public service were virtues that the Founding Fathers saw in the citizens of Rome. Roman citizens were willing to serve in public office, not for money, but because they were devoted to their republic Then they found out citizens needed to remain independent and devoted to public service so that they would not be a dictatorship

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What were the ideas behind the US Constitution? They also liked Britains Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights

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Why did some delegates feel that a bill of rights was needed? It went further in protecting the citizens rights The document said that parliamentary elections should be held regularly. It upheld the right to a trial by jury and allowed citizens to bear arms. It also affirmed the right of habeas corpus, the idea that no person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

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What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? To declare war and make peace. To coin and borrow money To detail with foreign countries and sign treaties To operate post offices

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What kind of legislature did the Constitution create? Why? The constitution created a bicameral legislator The great compromise was the event that proposed the bicameral legislator It made both large states, and smaller states happy, and another reason the constitution created a bicameral legislator was because it was harder to pass laws since it would have to be approved in both houses

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How did the Antifederalists influence the Constitution? Antifederalist believed that the constitution gave the national central government too much power, and that the president had too much power. The Antifederalist would only give the constitution support if Federalist promised to support the Bill Of Rights

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The US Constitution is sometimes called a bundle of compromises, explain why? The Constitution is called a bundle of compromises because of the fact that it is exactly that. None of the members of the Philadelphia Convention got exactly what they wanted. Delegates from larger states got proportional representation in the House of Representatives and smaller states got equal representation in the Senate. Southern states got to count 3/5 of all slaves for population, but to appease the North, those slaves were also counted for taxation. There were also compromises about the powers of the president and congress.

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Constitution A document that sets out the laws, principles, organization, and processes of a government

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Bill of rights List of freedoms

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Execute To carry out

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Articles of Confederation First American constitution

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Cede To Give Up

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Currency Money

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Land Ordinance of 1785 Law setting up a system for settling the Northwest Territory

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Northwest Ordinance Law that set up a government for the Northwest Territory

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Depression A period when business activity slows, prices and wages fall, and unemployment rises

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Shays' Rebellion Revolt in Massachusetts led by farmers in response to high taxes

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Constitutional Convention Meeting in May 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation

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Virginia Plan Plan proposed by James Madison and Edmund Randolph which included a two house legislature based on population and 3 branches of government

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Legislative branch Branch of government that passes laws

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Executive branch Branch of government that carries out laws

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Judicial branch Branch of government that makes sure laws are carried out fairly

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New Jersey Plan Plan proposed by William Patterson that included a one house legislature with each state getting one vote and 3 branches of government

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Compromise A settlement in which each side gives up some of what it wants in order to reach an agreement

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Great Compromise Plan propsed by Roger Sherman that included a two house legislature, one house based on population and the other allowed 2 representatives for each state

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Three Fifths Compromise Agreement in which three fifths of the slaves in any state would be counted towards population

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Founding Fathers Leaders who laid the groundwork for the United States

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Republic A system of government in which citizens rule themselves through elected representatives

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Dictatorship A system of government in which one person or a small group holds complete authority

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Magna Carta A 1215 document signed by King John that stated kings had to obey laws and citizens had certain rights

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English Bill of Rights A 1689 document that further protected the rights of citizens

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Bi-cameral Having, consisting of, or based on two legislative chambers

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Habeas corpus An idea that no person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

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Separation of Powers Principle designed to create 3 separate branches of government and to prevent any person or group from gaining too much power

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Federalists Supporters of the Constitution

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Antifederalists People opposed to the Constitution

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Federalists Papers Series of essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay in support of ratification of the Consitution

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Amend To change

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Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments of the Constitution

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Bicameral A legislature with two houses, or chambers. The British parliament is a bicameral legislature, made up of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Likewise, the United States Congress is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate

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Chapter 8

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Describe the 6 goals of the Preamble. To Form A Perfect Union- The states would have to come together as one nation To establish justice- The nation needed a uniform system to settle legal disputes To Insure Domestic Tranquility- The national government has the power to insure peace and order at home. To Provide for the Common Defense- Power to raise armies and navies To Promote the General Welfare- gave the national government the means to promote the well-being of all its citizens. To Secure the Blessings of Liberty- Liberty (Freedom) was a major goal of the constitution

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What are the 7 Articles of the Constitution? Article #1 of the Constitution- Established the powers of and limits on Congress Article #2 of the Constitution- Established the powers of and limits of the President Article #3 of the Constitution- Established the powers of and limits of the courts Article #4 of the Constitution- Deals with relations between states. Requires states to honor one another's laws and decisions. Sets out a system to admitting new states. Article #5 of the Constitution- Provides a process to amend the Constitution Article #6 of the Constitution- States the Constitution is the "supreme law of the land." States may not make laws that violate the Constitution. If it does conflict with the federal law, the federal law prevails Article #7 of the Constitution- Sets up a procedure for the states to ratify the Constitution

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What are the 7 principles of the Constitution? Popular Sovereignty- a government gets its authority from the people who have the right to alter or abolish their government Limited Government- The government has only the powers that the Constitution gives it. Separation of Powers- To further limit government power, the Constitution divides the government into three branches (Legislative, Executive, Judicial) Checks and Balances- Safeguards against abuse of power. Each branch of government has the power to check, or limit, the actions of the other two. Federalism- division of power between the federal government and the states Republicanism- citizens elect representatives to carry out their will. Individual Rights- Protects individual rights, such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to trial by jury.

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Summarize the rights protected by the Bill of Rights. Protecting Individual Liberties The First Amendment- safeguards basic individual liberties. (Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Right to Assemble, and Petition) Protecting Against Abuse of Power The next three amendments reflect the colonists' experiences under British rule The Second Amendment- The Right To Bear Arms The Third Amendment says that Congress may not force citizens to put up troops in their homes. The Fourth Amendment protects Americans from unlawful searches of home or property. Protecting Rights of the Accused The Fifth Amendment states that people cannot be forced to give evidence against themselves. The Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial, or fair, jury, people also have the right to know the charges against them The Seventh Amendment provides for juries for civil, or non-criminal, trials. The Eighth Amendment forbids judges from ordering excessive bail or fines or cruel and unusual punishments.

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Summarize the rights protected by the Bill of Rights. Amendments Nine and Ten Citizens feared that since some rights were listed in the constitution, they might lose other rights so the Ninth Amendment made it clear that citizen's rights are not limited to those listed in the Constitution. The Tenth Amendment created a limited federal government that states that all powers not given to the national government or denied to the states are reserved for the states or for the people. Civil War Amendments The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed citizenship to former slaves. The Fifteenth Amendment declared that states may not deny the vote to any citizen on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Later Amendments The Nineteenth Amendment, ratified in 1920, gave women the right to vote after 70 years of struggle The Twenty-sixth Amendment lowered the minimum voting age from 21 to 18.

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How did later amendments reflect changing ideas about equality? African American Men, and Women are now treated like human beings and have rights

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