Social, religious, economic and political changes in the

18th Century

The 13 British colonies began to grow during the 18th century.

Along with this growth of size came a growth in the diversity of social, economic, religious, and political areas of life.

The English, French and Spanish increasingly trade with Native American tribes.

Native Americans get introduced to two main products:1. Horses from the Southwest (mainly

the Spanish)

2. Guns from the East (mainly the English and French)

Unit Team Opp:•What impact does this have on Native Americans?

• Natives fought more with other tribes because they could travel and had weapons.

Appalachian Mountains were a natural, geographical split between the French/Spanish and the British colonies.

Causes for the increase of population in the British colonies1. Higher birth rate than

death rate: food was plentiful, housing improved and a spread out population that decreased epidemics.

2. Immigration: forced (African slaves, prisoners, indentured servants) and free (Europeans hoping for money and better opportunities)

Label your own map for notes.

Take notes on the differences in the New England, middle, and southern colonies economy.

For each area answer: How did each area make money and survive? What were their means of production?

A colonial Virginia slave law stating “the conferring of baptism does not alter the condition of the person as to his bondage or freedom” meant that:

a)slaves were not allowed to become Christians

b)slaves baptized as Christians remained slaves

c)ministers could be punished for baptizing slaves

d)slaveowners had to pay a fine for allowing slaves to be baptized

e)unbaptized slaves could not be married

The best explanation for the spread of slavery across the southern colonies is that

a)it was the most profitable system for landownersb)white landowners were racistc)slaves were the only possible source of labord)British officials demanded ite)religious leaders endorsed it

A colonial Virginia slave law stating “the conferring of baptism does not alter the condition of the person as to his bondage or freedom” meant that:

a)slaves were not allowed to become Christiansb)slaves baptized as Christians remained slavesc)ministers could be punished for baptizing slavesd)slaveowners had to pay a fine for allowing slaves to be baptizede)unbaptized slaves could not be married

Since overseas immigration to colonial America slowed in the 1700s, the best explanation for population growth in that region is:

a)an increase in the number of African Americansb)absorption of Native Americans into white societyc)thousands of settlers relocating from Canadad)natural increase due to a high birth rate and low death ratee)migration of other colonists from farther south

According to the British mercantilist philosophy, what was the economic role of the colonies?

a)Produce farm products and manufactured goodsb)Build a powerful economy that would equal Britain’sc)Provide a market for enslaved workers to profit slave tradersd)Produce raw materials for Britain and buy finished goods from Britaine)Grow strong so that together Britain and the colonies could threaten France

Whites in South Carolina felt particularly vulnerable after the Stono rebellion because

a)most of their slaves joined in the revoltb)the rebels vowed to take over their plantationsc)African Americans outnumbered themd)Native Americans joined the rebelse)it capped a series of similar revolts

What regions would be considered the southern colonies in this map?

How did the environment and climate impact economics through the colonies?

Unit Team Opp

A. The Southern Economy1. Large Plantations2. Agriculture3. Raw materials

a. Cash Crops – Crops grown mainly for a profit

Example: Tobacco, rice, and indigo

Unit Team Opp:How were the plantation owners able to make such a big profit?

1. Harsh environment, rocky soila. Crops were very hard to grow

2. No big plantationsa. Used their own labor and subsistence

farmingb. Subsistence farming: self-sufficiency farming

in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families

3. Fishing and Shipbuilding became important a. Ship ports became the center of the

economy for the trading of goods (Boston the major one)

Unit Team Opp:Fewer blacks lived in the New England colonies. Why was this so?

1. Mix of commerce (buying and selling) and agriculture

2. Good land for farming and long growing season

a. Grew staple cropsb. Crops that are always in demand

(wheat, barley, and oats)

3. Made use of slavery AND indentured servants

a. Good employment opportunities

Unit Team Opp:Why would these types of crops always be in demand?

1) Slave labor was integral to the southern colonies developing an economy based on

a)production of craft goodsb)the textile industryc)shippingd)producing cash cropse)trade with Native Americans

2) Most exports from the colonies were produced in

a)farms and fisheriesb)factoriesc)craft shopsd)artisans’ shopse)mines

Which region of Colonial America do you think had the most stable economy? Why?

1. Read pages 167, 169, and 172 on the Great Awakening and then answer:

1. What was the Great Awakening and what impact did it have in the colonies?

2. Read pages 172-177 and answer:1. What caused the French and Indian

War?2. What was the war’s impact?

1) Take out the homework for Chapter 5 that is due today.

2) Answer: Who was the celebrity preacher that help spur the Great

Awakening?

George Whitefield (Whitfield)

Open air revivals!!!

Why were the middle colonies referred to the "bread colonies"?

a)the most bread was consumed in these areasb)these areas produced large amounts of grainc)these areas were not suitable for growing wheat and had to import it from other placesd)there was a large population of poor who were in need of basics such as breade)the soil was not fertile enough to grow wheat and so the people had to trade for flour

The middle colonies were the most populous region in the 1700s because the:a.were the most religiously uniformb.accepted diversity and offered economic opportunityc.did not allow slavery, attracting people of conscienced.had the warmest climatee.offered the most political freedom

Which of these colonies was known for its ethnic and religious diversity?

a)Massachusettsb)Connecticutc)Pennsylvaniad)Marylande)Virginia

Describe the Great Awakening in one sentence.

A. Why and What was the Great Awakening?

1.What: Religious revival throughout the colonies beginning in 1730s for an emotional Christian experience.a. Involved a return to “piety” - a

strong respect and obedience to God.

1.Why: The Enlightenment was taking place in Europe and influenced the colonies. a. The Enlightenment

emphasized reason and rational questioning (the mind/head)

b. Whitefield preached an emotional religious conversion and experience (the heart/emotions)

1. The use of the Printing Pressa. Easier and quicker to spread new ideas

and thought. It could get to more people.2. Majority of immigrants were

Protestant 3. Colonies had developed religious

tolerance.a. No official religion and separation of

church and stateb. There was an emphasis to freely

choose in the Great Awakening

1. Political Impacta. It laid the foundation of a democratic

ideology. People were free to choose.b. It created a democratic spirit in the

colonies.This would help to fuel the American Revolution

2. Religious and Social Impacta. Open, emotional, simple Christian

message was easily spread to a diverse group of people.Women, whites, black slaves, Native Americans, the young and the poor.

How did the Great Awakening impact the colonies socially and politically? (Write a paragraph with a topic sentence.)

6 mins.

A. Causes of the war between the French and the British

1. Geographical cause: Competition with French and Indians for landa. The French had control of the American

interior, wanted to expand, and had developed good relationships with Native Americans

b. The British wanted to expand as well and frontiersmen began crossing the Appalachian Mountains.

2. Economic cause: Competition for the control of trade

Unit Team Opp:•Why was frontiersmen crossing the Appalachian Mountains an issue for the French?• It was the natural boundary line

between the two countries in colonial America

1. The British initially are losing but end up winning.

2. Reasons for Victory:a. The British had more soldiers and a

greater population.b. The French Motherland didn’t give

great support to their people in the colonies.

3. The British gain a tremendous amount of new land control!!

Territorial Impact of the French and Indian War

Predict: What do you think the British colonists hope to do after winning the war?

1. Proclamation of 1763a. A order that

restricted British colonists from going west of the Appalachian Mountains. (Page 193)

2. Weakening of the colonists’ support of fighting the Crown’s wars

Unit Team Opp:•Why would the British Monarchy have made this Proclamation?• Feared the volatile (shakey)

relationship they had with the Native Americans and that this would appease the Native Americans.

Any guesses?The Native Americans were trapped in

the middle of the war between the Colonial Powers.Native Americans would fight on either side of

this war (with the British and the French)They hoped which ever side won would give

them their land back if they helped them win.Didn’t happen…sadly…

How do you predict the French and Indian War will impact the colonies and set the stage for the American Revolution?