Social Impact of the Social Impact of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Ch. 5.3Ch. 5.3

People Move to New Industrial People Move to New Industrial CitiesCities

► UrbanizationUrbanization Population grew, Population grew,

increase demand for increase demand for workers led to the workers led to the movement of people movement of people to citiesto cities

Cities grew around Cities grew around coal/iron mines and coal/iron mines and factoriesfactories►Pop. of Manchester in Pop. of Manchester in

1750’s, 17,000 1750’s, 17,000 ►Pop. of Manchester in Pop. of Manchester in

1801’s, 70,0001801’s, 70,000

New Social Class EmergeNew Social Class Emerge►Industrial Middle ClassIndustrial Middle Class

Created two new classes of peopleCreated two new classes of people►Middle classMiddle class of entrepreneurs whose of entrepreneurs whose

lifestyles were fairly comfortablelifestyles were fairly comfortable Came from a variety of backgrounds “rags to Came from a variety of backgrounds “rags to

riches”riches” Benefited the most from the I.R.Benefited the most from the I.R.

►Industrial working classIndustrial working class, who packed into , who packed into tenements without running water or sanitation tenements without running water or sanitation systemssystems

Struggled to survive (no sanitation, running water, Struggled to survive (no sanitation, running water, etc.)etc.)

Many lived in tenements-multi story buildings Many lived in tenements-multi story buildings divided into apartmentsdivided into apartments

New Social Class Emerge New Social Class Emerge cont.cont.

►Workers Stage protestsWorkers Stage protests Labor unions were illegalLabor unions were illegal

►Some workers staged riots in the early 1800s in protest Some workers staged riots in the early 1800s in protest of poor pay or working conditionsof poor pay or working conditions

Had little political power to effect changeHad little political power to effect change► Some protests led to violenceSome protests led to violence

►Workers find comfort in religionWorkers find comfort in religion Methodism (John Wesley) focused on forgiveness Methodism (John Wesley) focused on forgiveness

of sin, personal sense of faith, & the promise of a of sin, personal sense of faith, & the promise of a better life.better life.►Many found solace in its promiseMany found solace in its promise

Life in the Factories and Life in the Factories and MinesMines

►Workers Faced Harsh ConditionsWorkers Faced Harsh Conditions Rigid schedulesRigid schedules long hours (12-16hrs, 6-7 days per week)long hours (12-16hrs, 6-7 days per week) limited breakslimited breaks Suffered accidents (no safety devices)Suffered accidents (no safety devices) Workers who were injured or sick lost Workers who were injured or sick lost

their jobstheir jobs

Life in the Factories and Mines Life in the Factories and Mines cont.cont.

►WomenWomen Employers preferred women to menEmployers preferred women to men

►Paid lessPaid less►Easier to controlEasier to control►Better able to adapt to machinery Better able to adapt to machinery

Many returned to crowded tenements w/ a Many returned to crowded tenements w/ a full day of house work to do (cook, clean, full day of house work to do (cook, clean, etc).etc).

Life in the Factories and Mines Life in the Factories and Mines cont.cont.

►Miners faced Worse Miners faced Worse ConditionsConditions Low payLow pay Worked in darknessWorked in darkness Coal dust destroyed Coal dust destroyed

lungs lungs Dangers of Dangers of

explosions, flooding, explosions, flooding, & collapsing tunnels & collapsing tunnels

Life in the Factories and Mines Life in the Factories and Mines cont.cont.

►ChildrenChildren Factories & Mines hired many childrenFactories & Mines hired many children Started working at ages 7-8 (early as age 5)Started working at ages 7-8 (early as age 5) Nimble fingers and quickness helped with Nimble fingers and quickness helped with

changing spools in machinery and small coal changing spools in machinery and small coal tunnelstunnels►Endured dust, dark caverns, stunted growth, Endured dust, dark caverns, stunted growth,

injuries and even deathinjuries and even death 1800’s “factory Acts” were passed to reduce 1800’s “factory Acts” were passed to reduce

hours & raise the minimum age for workhours & raise the minimum age for work