Social exclusion v? Social inclusion

Dzhevid Mahmud CITIZEN PARTICIPATION UNIVERSITY 2014

First ever excluded were?

Adam and Eve

It brings to self-identification

What?

Oxford dictionary Exclusion from the prevailing social system and

its rights and privileges, typically as a result of poverty or the fact of belonging to a minority social group.

Ilo.org Both a process and state that prevents

individuals or groups from full participation in social, economic and political life and from asserting their rights

Different fromM-W Discrimination- the practice of unfairly

treating a person or group of people differently from other people or groups of people

Ilo.org Marginalization- being well aside from the

center (between integration and social-exclusion)

Social inclusion is the process by which the exclusionary processes and relationships that contribute to social exclusion are addressed.

The goal: growth , improved welfare and, ultimately development

Different Oxford dictionary Integration- the act or process of mixing

people who have previously been separated, usually because of colour, race, religion, etc:

Partnership: is a process by which different types of actors (public sector, private sector) agree to work together to implement a plan of action, a programme or a joint project through strategies and actions.

Why partnership is important?

– it is a growth process, builds relationships, people get to know each other, plan and act together. Equally share roles, and responsibilities. Brings to more transparency, gives clarity to power relations.

Who ?

Social exclusion can affect anyone . But certain groups, are at greater risk to suffer from it.

Low income, family conflict, low quality education, older people, younger people, ethnic minorities, living in deprived neighborhood, rural areas.

Types of exclusion:

Social Exclusion Exclusion from the

Economy/Production Exclusion from Politics Exclusion from Social Participation Geographic Exclusion

Indicators of the extent of exclusion:

Economic Training and education Employment and income Housing and accommodation Health care Information , communication technology

(ICT) Culture

Why exclusion occurs?

Economic changes, globalization, regime change,

Polarized communities, Discrimination Bad governmental policies- education,

employment, social housing, no focus on outcomes, lack of evidence based policies

I.E. Institution are setting high criteria for selection thus fortifying exclusion, or setting the budget in itself is process of exclusion.

Links between poverty and the environment

Poor people live closely to nature; they are presumed to live essentially on the raw resources that nature provides

As their productivity is very limited, poor people tend to have a lot of children as safety insurance on the one hand, and to raise their living standard on the other hand.

Secondly, poor people don’t have a secure livelihood. In the countryside, poor farmers don’t have access to land tenure, so they are often forced for their

survival to exploit marginal areas of forests or unfavorable areas in a way that is called “cut and run.”

Thirdly, lack of financial resources forces them to resort to an informal but high interest capital market.

Fourthly, poverty causes social problems. In developed countries, European suburban violence and black riots in the United States are caused mainly by problems associated with poverty.

Costs of exclusion

It affects the individual and the society as a whole.

Individual Deprivation from education Financial loss Hindered access to services Stress, health issues Lack of hope

Societal

Social disparities Higher crime rate Reduced mobility Economic losses Welfare burden

Where?

Biggest income disparities – Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa

Europe- Non- Roma, Roma

What is Inclusion about?

social protection maintaining minimum living standards, providing income support, providing employment opportunities and

guarantees, improving access to services, including

health and reducing occupational risks

How to combat exclusion?

Prevention from exclusion and partnership in re-inclusion, providing basic services

All this possible only after- open policy making, partnership implementation, link between social and economic policies, focus on outcomes, than on the process, sustainable process

Reasons to do it:

those affected

intrinsic values

materialization of rights

high cost of exclusion

Role of actors:

IGO’s

Governments

Civil Society -INGO’s, National, Local,

Business

Media

Exemplary areas to work:

Children, families and schools; Skills, jobs and income; Homes, neighborhoods and communities; Race; Crime; Older people; and Health and disability

Activities:

On prevention, motivation, training, information, monitoring, mediation and negotiation, interaction and partnership.

Awareness raising on the existence and the need to combat the exclusion

challenge existing power relations, public-private, business- unemployed, associations of excluded groups

efforts to build positive image, emancipation of the excluded, work on prevention

Roma Inclusion:

4 key areas- Education: ensuring that all Roma children

complete primary school; Employment: cutting the employment gap

between Roma and other citizens; Health: reducing the gap in health status

between the Roma and the general population;

Housing: closing the gap in access to housing and public utilities such as water and electricity.

National strategies for Roma inclusion

Decade of Roma Inclusion

Goal: To eliminate discrimination against Roma and close the unacceptable gaps between Roma and the rest of society. To improve the socio-economic status and social inclusion of the Romani minority across the region

www.romadecade.org

Roma Education Fund

Goal is to close the gap in educational outcomes between Roma and non-Roma

http://www.romaeducationfund.hu/ref-one-page

Objectives

access to compulsory education Improving the quality of education Implementing integration and

desegregation Expanding access to pre-school

education Increasing access to secondary, post

secondary and adult education

REF runs five major programs:

Project Support Program REF Scholarship Program Policy Development and Capacity

Building Program Communication and Cross Country

Learning Program Reimbursable Grant Program

OSI Roma Initiatives Office

Support- advocacy campaigns, support for civil society, capacity building, training, internships at EC, EP, COE, RAP at CEU, in promotion of positive image of Roma, and intercultural dialog

Food for thought:

Exclusion through inclusion?!

Inclusion through exclusion?!

Arnstein, Sherry R. "A Ladder of Citizen Participation," JAIP

Thank you Q&A