Social Entrepreneurship: International Perspectives Steven Lux Maxwell School of Syracuse...
-
Upload
austen-francis -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Social Entrepreneurship: International Perspectives Steven Lux Maxwell School of Syracuse...
Social Entrepreneurship: Social Entrepreneurship: International PerspectivesInternational Perspectives
Steven Lux Maxwell School of Syracuse University
Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesReview key Concepts in this course
Broaden your perspectives on how Social Entrepreneurship (SE) concepts are applied in the international domain
Analyze constraints and opportunities for SE in the international frame
Your InterestsYour Interests
My perspectives on thisMy perspectives on thisRegional Director of an Asian
NGOTeaching –
(http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/sjlux/)
◦NGO Management in Developing Countries
◦Governance and Global Civil SocietyResearch
◦Transnational NGO Study
Case Studies, Data, Case Studies, Data, ExperiencesExperiencesUnfortunately, not a whole lot of
data or literature to say that SE is the right thing for international development
Plenty of Case Studies to share that suggest it works, perhaps as many that worry about SE ineffectiveness
Will provide personal war stories that provide insights to the points I want to make
SE definition for the SE definition for the InternationalInternationalIf you believe . . .
“Process of creating value by bringing together a unique package of resources to exploit an opportunity” (Morris, M.)
What is different about the international dimension? - nothing in terms of process - everything in terms of actors and context
Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship as a Process as a Process (Morris, M.)(Morris, M.)
Identifying an Opportunity
Develop the Concept
Determine Required Resources
Acquire Necessary Resources
Implement and Manage
Harvest the Venture
International Social International Social EntrepreneurEntrepreneurSo what is so different . . .
◦Beyond one’s national borders◦Imbedded in other cultures, languages,
etc. ◦Social, political, economic environment
different than one’s own
Elements Required for Elements Required for Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship (Morris, M.)(Morris, M.)
The organizational context
The entrepreneur
The resourcesThe concept
The entrepreneurial process
The environment
11
ExamplesExamplesCARE Packages
What complications do we What complications do we find with SE in the find with SE in the International Realm? International Realm?
Do you remember who wrote Do you remember who wrote this famous phrase?this famous phrase?
“ . . . pessimism of the intellect, optimism of the will“
A. Antonio Gramsci
books.jpg
A Few Common IssuesA Few Common IssuesOvercoming GuiltUnderstanding Problems and
NeedsThe Nature of PoliticsEconomic Influences
1. Getting beyond Guilt1. Getting beyond GuiltLazarus and the Rich Man – what
does this mean in terms of actions◦Don’t neglect the Poor, but . . .
Handouts are not necessarily empowering, they can create dependency
Cutting off our own consumption may not help the poor, they may rely on exports
◦“The poor cannot eat our guilt. We screwed them with colonialism and our guilt will not solve that history.” (senior VP, PATH)
2. Problems and Needs2. Problems and NeedsWho determines what they are?How do we set priorities?Where do we find mismatches
between the SE and the target groups?
Maslow's Hierarchy Maslow's Hierarchy (Review)(Review)
physiological
safety and security
belongingess
self-esteem
cognitive
aesthetic
self-actualization
self-transcendence
Proper nutrition
School and neighborhood safety
Community programs
Empowermenteem
cognitive
aesthetic
self-actualization
self-transcendence
Proper nutrition
School and neighborhood safety
Community programs
Empowerment programs
Academic programs
The arts
College scholarships
Programs to create mentors
Maslow’s Hierarchy Example enterprises
Needs - SE vs Target Needs - SE vs Target GroupGroup
Aesthetic
Self-actualization
Self-transformation
Aesthetic
Self-actualization
Self-transformation
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEU
RS
TARGET GROUP
3. Political Realities3. Political Realities
Does government accept your presence?
Who is on your side, who is against?
Do we understand the state of development and rules of engagement be it related to civil society, NGOs, Gov
The Bullshit ProjectThe Bullshit ProjectPhu Xieng Thong National Bio-
diversity Conservation Area Project◦Objective – reduce forest use through
alternative livelihood development◦Major Activities – higher yield rice
production, animal husbandry, improved health, birth spacing, and education
Real need: cheap, natural fertilizerMost difficult barrier: local government
Who Profits and Who Who Profits and Who LosesLoses“And it ought to be remembered that there is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things. Because the innovator has for enemies all those who have done well under the old conditions, and lukewarm defenders in those who may do well under the new.”
The Prince, Chapter 6,Nicolo Machiavelli
21
Role as Source of TensionRole as Source of Tension
THEN NOW
Religious
based Work Social
Work &
Charity
Develop-
ment Advocacy and Rights Focus.
Then and NowThen and Now
4. Economic Realities4. Economic Realities
Is the SE working with or against the predominant economic system?
What forces might undermine the solution proposed?
For example . . .For example . . .In the
1980s http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3543059.stm
Vs.
Poverty and Famines, Amartya Sen
ExerciseExerciseWhat types of work represent the
greatest challenge for International SEs?
My hope for you . . . My hope for you . . . Everyone of you will become a
“smart” international SE◦Starting orgs◦Supporting orgs◦Volunteering oversees
Take calculated risk, learn, and be willing to make mistakes◦The hope for SE is that we might get
out of the traditional aid trap that does not recognize or value failures
Hopeful, Critical, EffectiveHopeful, Critical, EffectiveSocial Entrepreneurs provide great
hope for international development dilemmas
BUT face a variety of critical questions about their effectiveness:◦Empirical evidence, can you prove its
worth?◦Are market forces, migration,
urbanization, demographics more important?
Hopeful, Critical, EffectiveHopeful, Critical, Effective
Let’s make our International SE’s smarter, more in tune with then needs and risks of the work they propose. Critical thinking and analysis will transform hope into effectiveness.
What must International SE’s What must International SE’s learn?learn?Understanding the needsUnderstanding the risksUnderstanding transformation,
which means . . . .
Your analysis determines your action!
Organizations that have Organizations that have done that well or are trying done that well or are trying to do so! to do so! PDA - Cabbages and Condoms
CampaignPATH Idea FactoryAshoka Foundation
PATH Idea FactoryPATH Idea Factoryhttp://www.path.org/about.phphttp://www.path.org/awards.phphttp://www.path.org/media/
product-development-tour.php