Social Behavior and Reproduction (Amphibians)€¦ · Social Behavior • We don’t think of...
Transcript of Social Behavior and Reproduction (Amphibians)€¦ · Social Behavior • We don’t think of...
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Social Behavior and Reproduction
(Amphibians)
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Social Behavior• We don’t think of amphibians and
reptiles as being “social” • Ants, bees, meerkats • Even lions
• For most reptiles and amphibians, social behavior revolves around reproduction
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Amphibian Social Behavior
• We are familiar with frog calls, but the purpose of the call varies with each species
• Advertising self or territory?
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Spring Peepers
• P. crucifer males call to attract females
• The calls serve to advertise males.
• With so many males calling, the loudest is the fittest.
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Bullfrogs• Male bullfrogs
compete with each other for territory • Larger frogs
can acquire larger and better suited territories
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Bullfrogs
• Satellite males sit on the edge of territories • Smaller territories • Try to catch
females as they come to the larger male territories
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American Toads• Redefines “free-for-all”
• Males call, then physically fight for females
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Nuptial Pads - Frogs• Use nuptial pads to grasp the females (and stay
on!)
• Can use this to sex frogs during mating season
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Mating in Frogs
• Fertilization is external
• Males clasp the female behind her armpits
• Amplexus
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Mating in Frogs• As the female lays her
eggs, the male releases the sperm.
• The eggs are laid in masses or strings.
• Species can be identified by how the eggs are laid, and where they are laid.
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Mating in Frogs• Eggs hatch into tadpoles, completely aquatic larva.
• Tadpoles develop, grow, then metamorphose into frogs
R. sylvatica
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P. cruciferR. clamitans
R. catesbeianaR. sylvatica
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Salamanders• Early spring is marked by the migration of many
species of salamander
• Connecticut salamander courtship, copulation, and egg laying varies between clades
• Salamandridae: aquatic courtship, aquatic eggs
• Ambystomidae: aquatic courtship, aquatic eggs
• Plethodontidae: both terrestrial and aquatic courtship (depending)
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Salamandridae• Similar to frogs, nuptial pads, or
“sexual excrescences” used by newts to grasp the female
• Only seen in red spotted newts among CT salamanders
• On their hind limbs! …why?
Video
• Newts firmly grasp female pectoral girdle, stroke their face, waft pheromones, and eventually lay spermatophore for female to pick up
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Ambystoma
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Plethodontidae• Many of the plethodontids have elaborate courtship
rituals
Video
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Plethodontidae• Eggs may be laid in the stream (Eurycea), under
moss (Hemidactylium), or within rotting logs (Plethodon)
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Plethodon• Young may be aquatic larva or direct developers
• Switches often throughout the family