Social and Human Sciences Sector

Struggle against Discrimination and Racism

International Coalition of Cities Against Racism and Discrimination (ICCARD)

European Coalition of Cities Against Racism(ECCAR)

Indicators Index

Normative and operational basis for action

• World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance (Durban, South Africa, 2001)

• Integrated Strategy to Combat Racism & Discrimination (32C/13, 2003)

Struggle against Discrimination Struggle against Discrimination and Racismand Racism

Main points of UNESCO’s integrated strategy

• To deepen knowledge on the evolution of racism and discrimination inherited from the past;

• To develop research on new forms of discrimination;• To develop reflection on the phenomenon of

xenophobia;• To reinforce institutional capacities in terms of

advocacy, research, education and communication to combat racism and discrimination;

• To contribute to policy formulation and implementation to combat racism and discrimination at the local, national and regional levels;

• To collect, compare and disseminate good practices in this domain.

Struggle against Discrimination Struggle against Discrimination and Racismand Racism

Priority fields and themes selected

• Development of scientific research and reflection on the phenomena of racism, discrimination and xenophobia;

• Development of new educational approaches, elaboration of teaching materials and establishment of indicators;

• Mobilisation of local and municipal authorities as well as their organisations in combating discrimination and exclusion; sensitization of opinion leaders and political decision-makers against racism and discrimination;

• Preservation of diversity in multi-ethnic and multicultural societies; combating racist propaganda in media especially in cyberspace.

Struggle against Discrimination Struggle against Discrimination and Racismand Racism

Our Partners

Traditional partners:• Other UN Agencies (UN High-Commissioner for Human

Rights, etc)• Regional (for ex. EU-FRA, OAS, etc ) & International

Intergovernmental Organizations• Educational and Scientific Communities• NGOs and civil society• National Commissions for UNESCO

New partnerships:• City and Municipal Authorities• Youth Organizations• Opinion Leaders (Artists, Journalists, Teachers,

Academics, Sports Personalities and Community, Religious and Political Leaders)

• Private sector and foundations

Struggle against Discrimination Struggle against Discrimination and Racismand Racism

Priority Areas

• Racism, Xenophobia, Exclusion and Discrimination in Cities

• Children and Exclusion

• HIV/AIDS related Stigma and Discrimination

Struggle against Discrimination Struggle against Discrimination and Racismand Racism

International Coalition of Cities Against Racism

International Coalition of Cities Against Racism (a)

• A network of municipalities interested in sharing experiences with the aim of developing and strengthening their policies to counter all forms of discrimination and to achieve a greater urban social inclusion.

• 5 key dimensions :

1) Prevention and positive action; 2) Monitoring and vigilance; 3) Empowerment; 4) Mediation; and 5) Punishment

International Coalition of Cities Against Racism (b)

• “Ten-Point Plan of Action”, made up of ten commitments covering the different elements of competence of local authorities, such as education, housing, employment or cultural and sporting activities.

• Organized by regions: Europe, Latin America/Caribbean, Africa, Asia/Pacific, Arab States, Canada/North America

International Coalition of Cities Against Racism (c)

• Each Plan of Action is different in content, but the following are common to all coalitions:►Official commitment by signing « Declaration

of Intent » and « Act of Accession & Commitment »

►Implementation of the Plan of Action, interactions with other member cities

►Reporting (Development of indicators as evaluation tool)

►Steering Committee, Independent Resource Centre and Scientific and Technical Secretariat (UNESCO)

International Coalition of Cities Against Racism (d)

6 Regional Coalitions• Europe (Lead city Nuremberg), launched in December 2004

(over 120 cities so far)• North America - Canada (including, Montreal, Ottawa,

Toronto, Vancouver) launched in March 2006• Asia and the Pacific (lead city Bangkok) launched in August

2006 (over 40 cities so far) • Africa (Lead city Durban) in September 2006 (over 55 cities

so far) • Latin America & Caribbean (Lead city Montevideo) launched

in October 2006 (over 200 cities so far, including Mercociudades)

• Arab States (Lead city Casablanca) launched in 2008

… International Coalition in 2008 bringing together all regional coalitions

Assessing Racism and Discrimination Monitoring Municipal Policies: ECCAR’s Human-Rights-Centred Model of Indicators

What goals and purposes?GOALS AND PURPOSES:

•Providing a theoretical fundament of ECCAR Indicators to measure racism or (in)equality and to evaluate municipal anti-discrimination policies (framework concept)• Discussing related legal and practical issues such as legality and reliability of available ‘ethnic’ data (legal and practical preconditions)•Operationalizing human rights fully consistent with human and minority rights law.

What is measured by the ECCAR-ADIX?

ECCAR-ADIX• operationalizes human rights law;• measures (in)equality at local/municipal level (RIX);• assesses the municipal anti-discrimination policy

performance (IMPLIX) and • its impact on the situation in the city (IMPACTIX);• is modelled to be open to various data according to availability

disaggregated by ‘ethnic’ identity or racial categorization.

WHAT DOES THE INDICATORS MODEL LOOK LIKE?

RIX ImplIX ImpactIXPolitical /civic area

• Distinction

• Exclusion

• Restriction

• Preference

1. Policy concept

2. Policy goals

• formulated?

• accomplished?

• Situation changed?

- Policy adequate?

- Policy effective?

Economic area idem idem idem

Social area idem idem idem

Cultural area idem idem idem

Main Challenges

1) Technical:Modelling and data gatheringDiversity of member cities and comparabilityConcept of “ethnicity”

2) Resources:Financial, administrative and technical capacities

3) Political:Willingness and commitment

Do cities need such a model? Are they ready to use/implement it?

ECCAR-ADIX-Survey

•Survey conducted among all member cities: 37 respondents from 13 countries, representing about 25 million inhabitants•Experience:•95 % of the responding cities collect respective data, •71 % do also use ‘ethnic’ categories •60 % develop standardised indicators from these data•46 % use these data in the field of general equality monitoring, 75 % to observe the labour market and 79 % to observe the housing market.

Do cities need such a model? Are they ready to use/implement it?

•Acceptance for ECCAR-ADIX:

•78 % are interested in the ECCAR-ADIX model. •94 % state that measuring the human rights situation in the city is important. •75 % are convinced that the ECCAR-ADIX will be useful for them. •89 % explicitly want to measure racism, 86 % equality in a wider sense, while “only” 80 % want to assess the implementation of policies and 86 % are interested in the policy impact evaluation.

Do cities need such a model? Are they ready to use/implement it?

• Implementation, data, ‘ethnic’ data collection:• 60 % think the project is worth the effort, but difficult, 6 %

deem the realisation of ADIX impossible.• Scepticism on data availability (72 %, 20 % don’t know)

Devotion of necessary resources (almost 50 % state that they cannot tell).

• 65 % state that they can provide the necessary knowledge. • Almost 30 % spend up to 250.000 Euro a year for the fight

against racism, 9 % spend more than 1 million. • 92 % state that a comparability of ADIX results among

cities is important.

Major concerns in ECCAR cities? Main victims and perpetrators of discrimination

Areas of discrimination:• labour and the housing market, followed by education and the

public space

Victims of discrimination:• People with black skin, Roma and Muslims

Forms of discrimination:• Civic discrimination and harassment (‘every-day racism’),

followed by institutional and structural discrimination

Discriminators:• Individuals, landlords, employers, police and administration

Added value of ECCAR-ADIX.

> Different from other existing indicators/networks (Integrating Cities, Intercultural Cities, MIPEX, Equality Measuring Framework)

ECCAR-ADIX:• Operationalizes human rights law in respect to (substantive)

equality at municipal level. • It measures all three areas, namely the condition of equality

in society, adequacy of policy and impact of policy. • ADIX is applicable in all European cities independent of their

size or location. • Membership (in ECCAR) is not restricted, only a very low fee.

Struggle against Discrimination Struggle against Discrimination and Racismand Racism

Thank you for your attention