1. SOCI 101 CH 6 DEVIANCE CONT.11/18/2013Rima Brusi, Ph.D. CSUF6.2

2. DEVIANCE (CONT.) Last 2 classes: Deviance meaning, difference between normative approach and relativistic approach Examples of body modification and food The functions of deviance according to functionalism (Durkheim) TODAY: Other theories conflict, symbolic interactionism Deviance and crime11/18/2013Rima Brusi, Ph.D. CSUF2 3. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE (CONTD.) Conflict theory: Deviance is a result of social conflict. In order for the powerful to maintain their power, they marginalize and criminalize the people who threaten their power. Inequality is reproduced in the way deviance is defined. 3 4. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE (CONTD.) Structural strain theory: Developed by Robert Merton It states that there are goals in our society that people want to achieve, but they cannot always reach these goals. This creates stress (or strain) because people are aware of the goals but do not have the means to achieve them. 4 5. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE (CONTD.) Mertons typology of deviance (structural strain theory table)5 6. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE (CONTD.) Mertons typology: ConformistsConformists accept the goals of the society and the means of achieving those goals. 7 7. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE (CONTD.) Mertons typology: InnovatorsInnovators accept the goals of the society, but they look for new, or innovative, ways of achieving those goals.8 8. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE (CONTD.) Mertons typology: RitualistsRitualists arent interested in the goals of the society but they do accept the means of achieving those goals.9 9. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE (CONTD.) Mertons typology: RetreatistsRetreatists dont accept the goals of the society or the means of achieving those goals. 10 10. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE (CONTD.) Mertons typology: RebelsRebels dont accept the goals of the society or the means of achieving those goals, so they create their own goals using new means. 11 11. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE (CONTD.) Differential association: A symbolic interactionist perspective developed by Edwin Sutherland States that we learn deviance from hanging around deviant peers 12 12. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE (CONTD.) Labeling theory: A symbolic interactionist perspective developed by Howard Becker States that deviance is caused by external judgments (labels) that change a persons self-concept and the way that others respond to that person 13 13. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE (CONTD.) Labeling theory: Becker suggests that labeling can lead to a selffulfilling prophecya prediction that causes itself to come true. 14 14. DEVIANT IDENTITIES Stigma: Term coined by Ervin Goffman Describes any physical or social attribute that devalues a person or groups identity, and which may exclude those who are devalued from normal social interaction 15 15. DEVIANCE AND CRIME Crime: If a behavior is considered deviant, it means that it violates the values and norms of a group, not that it is inherently wrong. However, research on deviance also includes crime. 16 16. DEVIANCE AND CRIME (CONTD.) Crime is the violation of a norm that has been codified into law.17 17. DEVIANCE AND CRIME (CONTD.) Crime and punishments can change over time!18 18. CONTROL AND PUNISHMENT Deterrence: prevent crime by threatening harsh penalties Retribution: retaliate or take revenge for a crime thats been committed 19 19. CONTROL AND PUNISHMENT (CONT.) Incapacitation: remove criminals from society by imprisoning them Rehabilitation: reform criminals so that they may re-enter society 20