SoberIT Software Business and Engineering Institute HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Dr. (Soc.Sc.)...
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Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio SoberIT Software Business and Engineering Institute HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY The Model of Mobile Context of Use (MCU)
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Transcript of SoberIT Software Business and Engineering Institute HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Dr. (Soc.Sc.)...
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
The Model of Mobile Context of Use (MCU)
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
People behind the model
Dr. Soc. Sc (sociology) Kalle Toiskallio
Lic. Soc. Sc (social psychology) Sakari Tamminen
M.Tech. Sc. (usability engineering) Heini Korpilahti
M. Soc. Sc (social psychology) Salla Hari
Prof. Marko Nieminen
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
The project (1.1.2002 – 30.6.2003)
Alma Media + Solid Information Technology + C3i
Solutions
Supports user-centred product development on its early
stage
Main task: model of socio-spatial contexts of use
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Background 1: supporting standard definition
Contributing mostly ”social environment” in International Standardization Organisation’s standard ISO 9241-11
9241-11 = Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals. Part 11 = guidelines for specifying and measuring usability (definition:) effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use
In the standard Context of use refers rather concisely to ”user”, ”task”, ”equipment” and ”environment”
=> Mobix’s model of context of use gives 1) content for the definition of especially the ”environment” and 2) practical procedure for producing systematic data for product development in its early stages, for example so called ”use cases”
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
...Background 2: theoretical location
Context-aware computing within HCI research (according
to Paul Dourish) includes two types of research
Type 1: constructively oriented line working with
prototypes
Type 2: research developing interactive systems
around understandings of the generally
operative social processes surrounding everyday
interaction
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Why mobile context is so difficult term
Mobile context and mobility is difficult term
because it is relational one. Users cannot
understand the mobility as itself, it depends on
context (or reference points). However, the
context is not ready-made gate to be passed
through (this particularly makes the handling of
the term mobility so hard)
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
How do we create the Mobile contexts
Experiential contexts are created/interpreted
with the help of several attributes. These
attributes are also used to create other contexts.
MCU works also in analysing stationary use
situations
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Starting points
Macro but micro levels
Static/Macro frames: ”meeting”
Dynamic/Micro frames: presuppositions of atmosphere
Participants and activities themselves create
interpretations we could call social contexts of use
Social + spatial factors of context of use are usually
interwoven together
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
The Model of Context of Use (MCU) includes
1. The Context Attribute List. List of about 24
socio-spatial attributes
2. The Process Analysis. Iterative table for action
process analysis
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
1. The Context Attribute List(Socio-spatial attributes)
Main categories
A) User and social relations
B) Tasks and psychological factors
C) Environmental aspects
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A) User and social relations
social comparison
(presented) social identity
member vs. reference group
several simultaneous goals
intra- or inter-organisational tensions
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Example of A Context Attribute
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
B) Tasks and psychological factors level of preparedness
frequent vs singular use
group vs individual use
single vs multi task
intensity and tempo of user (possibly as non-task based)
inner or outer motivation (to reach the goal)
level of habitualization
intensity of the task
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
C) Environmental aspects
traffic modes
level of publicity of the place
”proper” use of the place
pre-suppositions of the place
visual/haptic environment
auditive env.: ”pluralistic”/”monoteistic” one
time tables (and time shifts in global scale)
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
The Process AnalysisAnalysis-framework for action processes in context
The analysis frame has 1+6 viewpoints
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Starting point of The Process Analysis
Description of observed (original) action (in column 3)
Goal: during the analysis, the action process is iterated towards a
hypothetical, “best” possible process
In the following the meaning of the 7 viewpoints are declared
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Context attributes frame the recognizable states of actions
The Context Attribute List helps to
recognize the relevant attributes
Naturally, also case-specific attributes can be formulated
Other characteristic(s) of an event
Context attributes
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Context transition
Context transition: describes transitions between phases
of actions
Changes in phases of actions help to recognize contexts
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Transitory contexts
1. moving from member group to reference group
2. from single to multi use
3. changes in integrity
4. from one situational role to another
5. from a certain space to another kind of
6. changes in visual, haptic or informative environment
7. from single use to frequent use
8. from focused to diversified task
9. change of traffic mode
10. from accustomed use to unsure use
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Signal of change
Signals of change in interaction between users
and system
Visible to both machine and user
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Signals visible only to the user
Visible and interpreted by user(s), but not
available to the machine
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Signals to the system
Not visible to user but device
visibility of signal-based logic to user
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Design notes Ideas created during the analysis process
Controversies in context signals visible to user and system
Design notes are then included into the next iteration of action proces
Design notes can be used when writing use cases and requirement specifications
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
The iterative process of analysis
1. Realistic scenario/narrative/story representing synthesis of
empirical (qualitative) data and retrospective experiences
(first located in the column 3)
2. Analysing this scenario in column 3 by six viewpoints
(attributes, transition, signals of change; to user; to system,
and design notes)
3. After incorporation of these design ideas, second version of
scenario can be written (conversing thus the previous scenario
in column 3)
Dr. (Soc.Sc.) Kalle Toiskallio
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
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