Section A(Answer all the question)

1. Graph 1 shows the heating curve to determine the boiling point of substance X. Graf 1 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan bagi menentukan takat didih bahan X.

Temperature / 0C Suhu / 0C

Graph 1Graf 1

(a) State the meaning of boiling point?Nyatakan maksud takat didih?

........................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(b) Based on Graph 1, state the boiling point of substance X Berdasarkan pada Graf 1, nyatakan takat didih bagi bahan X.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark](c ) State the physical states of substance X between t1 to t2

Nyatakan sifat fizik bahan X antara masa t1 ke t2

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(d) Explain why the temperature remains constant from t1 to t2.Terangkan mengapa tiada perubahan suhu dari t1 ke t2.

……………………………………………………………………………………….…

……………………………………………………………………………………….… [2 marks]

Time / sMasa / s

Q1

Q2

Q3

t1 t2 t3t0

(e) Draw the arrangement of particles of substance X at t3.

Lukiskan susunan zarah-zarah bahan X pada t3.

[1 mark]

(f) Sketch a graph of temperature against time during the cooling of substance X.Lakarkan satu graf suhu melawan masa bagi penyejukkan bagi bahan X.

[1 mark]

(g)(i) State a precaution that should be taken during the cooling process of liquid X. Nyatakan langkah berjaga yang perlu diambil semasa proses penyejukan cecair X.

……………………………………………………………………………...……………

[1 mark] (ii) Give a reason for your answer in (g) (i).

Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (g) (i) ………………………………………………………………...…………………………

[1 mark]

2. Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements. S, T. U. V.W and X do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. S.T.U.V.W dan X tidak mewakili symbol sebenar unsur-unsur berkenaan.

Diagram 2Rajah 2

Using the letters in the Periodic Table of Elements in Diagram 2, answer the following questions.Dengan menggunakan huruf-huruf yang terdapat dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur pada Rajah 2, jawab soalan-soalan berikut.

(a) (i) State an element that exits as monoatomic gasNyatakan satu unsur yang wujud sebagai gas monoatom.

…………………………………………………………………………………………....[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Write the electron arrangement for an atom of element in (a) ( i)Tuliskan susunan electron bagi atom dalam unsur (a) (i)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..... [ 1 mark ]

(b) (i) Which element is a transition element?Unsur yang manakah adalah unsur peralihan?

………………………………………………………………………………………….... [ 1 mark ]

(ii) Give one special characteristic of the transition elementBerikan satu ciri istimewa unsur peralihan.

…………………………………………………………………………………………....

[ 1 mark ](c) ( i) Element S and T are in the same period of the Periodic Table. Explain.

Unsur S dan T terletak pada kala yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala. Terangkan.

……………………………………………………………………………………............[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Write the chemical formula of the compound formed between S and T.Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara unsur S dan T.

………………………………………………………………………………………….... [ 1 mark ]

(d) ( i) Element V can combine with element WState the type of bond which formed between V and W.Unsur V boleh berpadu dengan unsur W.Nyatakan jenis ikatan yang terbentuk Antara V dan W.

………………………………………………………………………………………….... [ 1 mark ]

(ii) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed between V and W.Lukiskan susunan electron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara V dan W.

[ 2 marks ]

3. Diagram 3 shows an experiment carried out by using a solution of sodium hydroxide to determine the concentration of an aqueous solution of nitric acid. Aqueous nitric acid of unknown concentration is titrated with 25 cm3 0.50 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution. Table 3 shows the results of the experiment.Rajah 3 menunjukkan suatu eksperimen dengan menggunakan larutan natrium hidroksida untuk menentukan kepekatan asid nitrik akueus. Asid nitrik akueus dengan kepekatan yang tidak diketahui dititratkan dengan 25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 0.50 mol dm-3. Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan untuk eksperimen ini.

Diagram 3 Rajah 3

Titration numberBilangan pentitratan

Final burette reading/cm3

Bacaan akhir buret/cm3Initial burette reading/cm3

Bacaan awal buret/cm3

1 23.10 1.002 47.20 25.003 30.50 8.50

Table 3 Jadual 3

Nitric acidAsid nitrik

Sodium hydroxide solutionLarutan natrium hidroksida

(a) Name a suitable apparatus used to measure 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.Namakan satu radas yang sesuai untuk menyukat 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida.

………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(b) Calculate the average volume of the nitric acid used.Hitungkan purata isipadu untuk larutan natrium hidroksida yang digunakan.

/

[2 marks](c) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide.

Hitungkan bilangan mol untuk natrium hidroksida.

[1 mark](d) Name the type of reaction that occurs in the conical flask.

Namakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku dalam kelalang kon itu.

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(e) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk tindak balas ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(f) Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in mol dm-3.Hitungkan kepekatan asid nitrik dalam mol dm-3.

[2 marks](g) The end point of a titration is the point at which neutralisation is complete. State two

methods which can be used to determine the end point.Takat akhir ialah titik di mana peneutralan berlaku sepenuhnya. Nyatakan dua kaedah untuk menentukan takat akhir.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 markah]

4. Table 4 shows the results for an experiment to construct the electrochemical series using the principle of displacement of metals.Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen untuk membina siri elektrokimia menggunakan prinsip penyesaran logam.

Salt solutionLarutan garam Metal strip Kepingan logam

Magnesium nitrateMagnesium nitrat

Y nitrateY nitrat

Copper (II) nitrateKuprum (II) nitrat

Magnesium /

Magnesium

- √ √

Y x - √

Copper / Kuprum x x -

Table 4 [Jadual 4]X : no displacement/tiada penyesaran√ : displacement occurs/penyesaran berlaku

(a) (i) Based on Table 4, arrange the metals in descending order in the ElectrochemicalSeries.

Berdasarkan Jadual 4, susunkan logam-logam mengikut turutan menurun dalam Siri Elektrokimia.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark](ii) Give one example of metal Y.

Beri satu contoh logam Y.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark](iii) Give one observation when zinc strip is immersed in copper (II) sulphate solution.

Beri satu pemerhatian apabila jalur zink direndam dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat.

.....................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(b) Diagram 4 shows the set- up of apparatus to investigate the reaction between potassium iodide solution and chlorine water through the transfer of electrons at a distance.Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas di antara larutan kalium iodida dan air klorin melalui pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.

(i) On the diagram 4, draw the direction of the flow of electron.Pada rajah 4, lukiskan arah aliran elektron.

[1 mark]

(ii) What is the colour change in the solution around electrode P after a few minutes? Apakah perubahan warna pada larutan di sekeliling elektrod P selepas beberapa minit?

........................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(iii) Describe a chemical test to determine the product formed at electrode P Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk menentukan hasil yang terbentuk pada elektrod P

……………………………………………………………………………........................

……………………………………………………………………………........................ [2 marks]

(iv) What is the substance that is being oxidised in the experiment? Explainwhy.Apakah bahan yang dioksidakan dalam eksperimen? Terangkan.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(v) Write the half equation at electrod P.Tuliskan persamaan setengah pada elektrod P.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

Dilute sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik

cair

Electrode QElektrod Q

Electrode PElektrod P

G

Potassium iodide solution

Larutan kalium iodida

Chlorine waterAir klorin

Diagram 4 [Rajah 4]

Ethyl propanoate[Etil propanoat]

Compound Z [Bahan Z]C2H4O2

Process I[Proses I]

Glucose[Glukosa]

[Glukosa]

Compound X[Sebatian X]

C2H6O

Compound Y[Sebatian Y]

Process II[Proses II]

Process IV[Proses IV]

Process III[Proses III]

5. Diagram 5 shows the formation of compound X from glucose and its conversion to several others carbon compounds.Rajah 5menunjukkan penghasilan sebatian X dan perubahannya kepada sebatian karbon yang lain.

Diagram 5Rajah 5

(a) Process I involves the use of yeast. Name Process I. Proses I melibatkan penggunaan yis. Namakan Proses I.

......................................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(b) Draw the structural formula for compound X.Lukiskan formula struktur bagi sebatian X.

[1 mark]

(c) Compound Y is formed when the vapour of compound X is passed over heated porcelain chips in Process II.

Sebatian Y terbentuk apabila wap sebatian X dialirkan melalui serpihan porselin yang panasdalam proses II.

(i) Write the general formula for the homologous series of compound Y. Tuliskan formula am bagi siri homolog bagi sebatian Y.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii) Describe briefly a chemical test to identify compound Y.Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti sebatian Y.

…............................................................................................................................................

50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3sodium chloride solution50 cm3 larutan natrium klorida 0.5 mol dm-3

50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution50 cm3 larutan argentum nitrat 0.5mol dm-3

Plastic cupCawan plastik

…................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(d) Compound Z liberates carbon dioxide gas when calcium carbonate is added to it.Bahan Z membebaskan gas karbon dioksida apabila kalsium karbonat dicampur kepadanya.

(i) Name the functional group of compound Z.Namakan kumpulan berfungsi dalam sebatian Z.

...................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in Process III. Tuliskan persamaan seimbang bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam Proses III

...................................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(iii) Name a reagent that is suitable to be used in Process III.Namakansuatureagen yang sesuaiuntukdigunakandalam Proses III.

...................................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(e) Describe briefly the method of preparing ethyl propanoate from compound X in the laboratory. Secara ringkas terangkan kaedah penyediaan etil propanoat dari sebatian X dalam makmal.

……...............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

6. Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set up to determine the heat of precipitation of silver chloride . Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan haba pemendakan argentum klorida.

Diagram 6Rajah 6

Table 6 shows the result of the experiment.Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.

Table 1 Jadual 1

(a) What is the meaning of heat of precipitation?Apakah maksud haba pemendakan?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….......

…………………………………………………………………………………………….......[1 mark]

(b) Calculate :Hitung :(i) The heat released during the reaction.

[Specific heat capacity of solution, c = 4.2 J g-1 0C-1 ; Density of solution = 1 gcm-3] Haba yang dibebaskan semasa tindak balas. [Muatan haba tentu bagi larutan, c = 4.2 J g-1 0C-1 ;Ketumpatan larutan = 1 gcm-3]

[1 mark]

(ii) The number of moles of silver ions, Ag+ in silver nitrate and chloride ions, Cl- in sodium chloride solution.

Bilangan mol ion argentum, Ag+dalam larutan argentum nitrat dan ion klorida ,Cl-

dalam larutan natrium klorida.

[2 marks]

DescriptionPenerangan

Temperature (0C)Suhu (0C)

Initial temperature of sodium chloride solutionSuhu awal larutan natrium klorida

27.0

Initial temperature of silver nitrate solutionSuhu awal larutan argentum nitrat

27.0

Highest temperature of the mixtureSuhu maksimum campuran

30.5

(iii) The number of moles of silver chloride, AgCl precipitate. Bilangan mol argentum klorida, AgCl yang termendak.

[1 mark]

(iv) The heat of precipitation Haba pemendakan

[2 marks]

(b) Write the ionic equation for the reactionTuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindakbalas ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………....[1 mark]

(d) Draw an energy level diagram for this reaction Lukis rajah aras tenaga bagi tindakbalas ini.

[3 marks]

Section B(Answer one question in this section)

7. Diagram 7.1 above shows two marble statues, Statue A and Statue B.Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan dua buah patung marmar, Patung A dan Patung B.

Statue A Statue B Patung A Patung B

Diagram 7.1Rajah 7.1

Statue A was placed as a monument close to an industrial area. Statue B was placed as a monument in a housing area.After two years, one of the statues had corroded.Patung A dijadikan sebagai tugu berhampiran dengan kawasan perindustrian. Patung B dijadikan sebagai tugu di kawasan perumahan. Selepas dua tahun, salah satu patung tersebut terkakis.

(a) (i) Identify the statue which corrode faster. Explain your answer.Kenalpastikan patung yang lebih cepat terkakis. Huraikan jawapan anda.

[4 marks](ii) Write a chemical equation to show the corrosion process of the marble statue.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang menunjukkan proses kakisan patung batu marmar.[2 marks]

(b) Two experiments are carried out by a student to investigate the rate of reaction. Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan oleh pelajar untuk mengkaji kadar tindakbalas.

Experiment / Eksperimen Substances / BahanSet 1 20cm3 hydrochloric acid 0.1 moldm-3 + zinc powder

20cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 moldm-3 + serbuk zink

Set 2 20cm3 hydrochloric acid 0.5 moldm-3 + zinc powder20cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.5 moldm-3 + serbuk zink

Table 7.1 [Jadual 7.1]

i) Compare the rate of reaction between Set 1 and Set 2. Explain based on the collision theory.Bandingkan kadar tindakbalas antara Set 1 dan Set 2. Huraikan berdasarkan kepada teori perlanggaran.

[5 marks]

ii) Suggest another way to increase the rate of reaction in Set 2. Cadangkan satu cara lain untuk meningkatkan kadar tindakbalas dalam Set 2.

[1 mark]

iii) Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas released at room condition in Set 1[1 mol of gas occupies 24dm3 at room condition]Kirakan isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terbebas pada keadaan bilik dalam Set 1.[1 mol gas menempati 24dm3 pada keadaan bilik].

[5 marks]

iv) If the hydrochloric acid in Set 1 is replaced with sulphuric acid with the same concentration and volume, predict the volume of hydrogen gas released. Explain why?Sekiranya asid hidroklorik dalam Set 1 digantikan dengan asid sulfurik yang mempunyai kepekatan dan isipadu yang sama, ramalkan isipadu gas hidrogen yang terbebas. Terangkan kenapa?

[3 marks]

8. (a) Why pure metals are alloyed before used?Mengapakah logam tulen dialoikan sebelum digunakan?

[ 4 marks ]

(b) Diagram 8.1 shows the apparatus set up to investigate the hardness of X and Y blockRajah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kekerasan bongkah X dan Y

X/Y BlockBongkah X /Y

Diagram 8.1

A steel ball bearing is taped onto the X block using cellophane tape. A weight of 1kg is dropped at a height of 50 cm to hit the ball bearing. The diameter of the dent made on the X block is measured. The experiment is repeated by replacing X block with its alloy, Y block. Table 8.2 shows the results of the experiments.

Satu bebola keluli dilekatkan pada bongkah X dengan menggunakan pita selofan. Pemberat 1kg dijatuhkan dari tinggi 50 cm ke atas bebola keluli. Diameter lekuk yang terhasil pada bongkah X diukur. Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggantikan bongkah X dengan aloinya, bongkah Y. Jadual menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu.

Table 8.2

(i) Based on the results of the experiment, suggest a suitable substances for X and Y. Compare the hardness between X and Y.Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen, cadangkan bahan yang sesuai untuk X dan Y. Bandingkan kekerasan di antara X dengan Y.

[3marks](ii) Explain the difference in hardness between X and Y.

Terangkan perbezaan kekerasan X dengan Y[6 marks]

(iii) Draw the labelled diagram to show the arrangement of atoms in Y.Lukiskan rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan atom dalam Y.

[2marks]

(c) The body of aeroplane is made from an alloy of aluminium. State the name of the alloy of aluminium used. Explain why the alloy of aluminium more suitable to make aeroplane body than the pure aluminium.

Type of blockJenis bongkah

Diameter of dent / cmDiameter lekuk /cm

X 0.5Y 0.2

Badan kapal terbang diperbuat daripada aloi aluminium. Nyatakan nama bagi aloi aluminium yang digunakan. mengapa aloi aluminium lebih sesuai untuk membuat badan kapal terbang daripada aluminium tulen.

[3 marks]

(d) Table 8.3 shows the major component and foreign atom for each alloy.

Jadual 8.3 menunjukkan komponen utama dan atom asing bagi setiap aloi.

AlloyAloi

Major ComponenKomponen utama

Foreign Atom/Atom Asing

BronzeGangsa

Copper/Kuprum P

BrassLoyang Copper/ Kuprum

Q

Table 8.3 [Jadual 8.3]

Name the foreign atoms of the alloys aboveNamakan atom asing untuk aloi di atas.

[2 marks]

Section C(Answer one question in this section)

9. Metals are extracted from ores. An ore is a rock that contains enough of a mineral (metal compound) for the metal to be extracted from it. Most metals are extracted from an ore by reduction with carbon or by electrolysis. When a metal oxide is heated with carbon, a displacement reaction takes place leaving a pure metal and carbon dioxide. This only works when a metal is less reactive than carbon in the reactivity series. Diagram 9 shows the extraction process of iron in a blast furnace using carbon.

Logam diekstrak daripada bijihnya. Mineral adalah sejenis batuan yang mana logam diekstrak daripadanya. Kebanyakkan logam diekstrak daripada bijihnya melalui penurunan dengan karbon atau secara elektrolisis. Apabila oksida logam dipanaskan dengan carbon, tindakbalas penyesaran berlaku menghasilkan logam tulen dan karbon dioksida. Ini hanya berlaku apabila logam tersebut kurang reaktif daripada karbon dalam siri kereaktifan. Rajah 9 menunjukkan

pengekstrakan besi dalam relau bagas menggunakan karbon.

Diagram 9 [Rajah 9]

(a) Based on Diagram 9, describe an extraction process of iron from its ore (haematite Fe2O3) by using suitable chemical equations.

Berdasarkan Rajah 9, huraikan proses pengekstrakan besi daripada bijihnya (heamatite ,Fe2O3 ) dengan menggunakan persamaan kimia yang sesuai.

[4 marks]

(b) The reaction between lead (II) oxide and carbon is a redox reaction.Tindakbalas antara plumbum (II) oksida dengan karbon merupakan tindakbalas redoks.

(i) Write the equation for this reaction. Tuliskan persamaan dalam tindak balas ini

(ii) The change in oxidation number for both the reactants Perubahan dalam nombor pengoksidaan bagi kedua-dua bahan tindak balas

(iii) The role of each reactant in the redox reaction Peranan setiap bahan tindak balasdalam tindak balas redoks yang berlaku

[6 marks]

(c)

The position of carbon is above metal X and below metal Y in the Reactivity Series of metal.

Kedudukan karbon adalah di atas logam X dan di bawah logam Y dalam Siri Kereaktifan logam

You are provided with oxide of metal X (XO), oxide of metal Y (Y2O3), carbon powder and apparatus needed. Describe an experiment to verify the above statement.

Your answer should consist of the following: Diagram showing the set-up of apparatus Procedure of the experiment Observation Chemical equation. Conclusion

Anda dibekalkan dengan oksida logam X (XO), oksida logam Y (Y2O3), serbuk karbon dan radas-radas yang diperlukan. Dengan bantuan gambarajah huraikan eksperimen untuk mengesahkan kenyataan di atas adalah benar. Jawapan anda mesti melibatkan segala pemerhatian dan persamaan tindakbalas yang sewajarnya.

Gambar rajah menunjukkan susunan radas Prosedur eksperimen Pemerhatian Persamaan kimia. Kesimpulan

[10 marks]

10. (a) A patient complained of a pain due to an excess of acid in the stomach. Suggest the substances will help to relieve the pain . Give three reasons for your suggestionSeorang pesakit mengadu sakit disebabkan lebihan asid dalam perut. Cadangkan bahan yang boleh membantu melegakan sakit itu. Bagi tiga sebab bagi cadangan anda

[4 marks]

(b) A student carried out an experiment to investigate the properties of two solutions. Diagram 9.1 shows the results of the experimentsSeorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat bagi dua larutan. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu.

Test tubeTabung uji

X Y

Dry ammonia gas d i s so lvedin wa te rGas ammonia ker ing d i laru tkan da lam ai r

Red litmus PaperKertas litmus merah

Dry ammonia gas dissolvedin propanone

Gas ammonia kering dilarutkan dalam propanonRed litmusPaperKertas litmus merah

Apparatus set-upSusunan radas

ObservationPemerhatian

The red litmus paper turned blue.Kertas litmus merah bertukar biru

No changeTiada perubahan

Diagram 9.1/ Rajah 9.1

Explain the difference in observation between test tube X and test tube Y. Terangkam perbezaan pemerhatian antara tabung uji X dan tabung uji Y.

[6 marks]

(c) You are required to prepare dry lead (II) sulphate crystal salt. The chemicals supplied are:

lead (II) oxide powder dilute nitric acid sodium sulphate solution.

Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your description, include the chemicalequations involved.Anda dikehendaki menyediakan hablur garam plumbum (II) sulfat yang kering. Bahan kimia yang dibekalkan adalah :

serbuk plumbum (II) oksida asid nitrik cair larutan natrium sulfat

Huraikan satu eksperimen makmal bagaimana anda dapat menyediakan garam tersebut.Dalam huraian anda sertakan persamaan yang terlibat.

[10 marks]