12 A group of pupils carried out an investigation to study the relationship between the size

of a shadow with the distance between an object and the light source.Sekumpulan murid menjalankan penyiasatan untuk mengkaji hubungan di antara saiz bayang-bayang dengan jarak antara objek dan sumber cahaya.

The table below shows the results of the investigation.Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan

The distance of object from light sourceJarak di antara objek dengan sumber

cahaya

The height of a shadowKetinggian bayang-bayang

60 cm 40 cm50 cm 50 cm40 cm 60 cm

a) What is the aim of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State Nyatakan i) What is change (manipulated viarable) in this investigation?

Apa yang diubah (pembolehubah dimanipulasi) dalam penyiasatan ini?

……………………………………………………………………………..

ii) What is observed (responding viarable) in this investigation?Apa yang diperhatikan (pembolehubah bergerakbalas) dalam penyiasatan ini?

………………………………………………………………………………

iii) What is keep the same (constant viarable) in this investigation?Apakah yang sama (pembolehubah malar) in this investigation?

……………………………………………………………………………….

a) Predict the height of a shadow if the distance between an object and the light source is 70 cm. Ramalkan ketinggian bayang-bayang jika jarak diantara objek dan sumber cahaya ialah 70 cm

………………………………………………………………… …………………

b) What is the relationship between what is changed and what is observed?Apakah hubungan antara apa yang di ubah dengan apa yang di perhatikan? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Diagram 1 shows a torch that is shone onto the screen. Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebuah lampu suluh yang dinyalakan ke arah satu skrin

Two object, a wooden block and glass block is placed alternately in front of the torch. The formation of shadows is observed on the screen. The result shown below.Dua objek, blok kayu dan blok kaca diletakkan di hadapan lampu suluh secara bergilir-gilir. Pembentukan bayang-bayang diperhatikan di atas skrin. Keputusan penyiasatan di tunjukkan di bawah.

Type of objectJenis objek

Wooden blockBlok kayu

Glass blockBlok kaca

Formation of shadowPembentukan bayang-bayang

YesYa

NoTidak

a) State two reasons (inferences) based on the investigation. Nyatakan dua inferens berdasarkan penyiasatan di atas.

i) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State Nyatakan i) What is changed (manipulated variable) :

Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan:

………………………………………………………………………………ii) What is observed (responding variable)

Pemboleh ubah bergerakbalas :

………………………………………………………………………………

c) What can be conclude from the investigation ?Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat daripada penyiasatan ini?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………