So far we have talked about tenses of verbs…. Verbs also have MOODS …..
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Transcript of So far we have talked about tenses of verbs…. Verbs also have MOODS …..
So far we have talked about
tenses of verbs…. Verbs also have MOODS…..
the indicative moodthe imperative moodthe subjunctive mood
commandsfacts
not facts
• Present subjunctive – Stem + e + ending (1st conjugation)– Stem + a + ending (2nd-4th conjugation)
• Imperfect Subjunctive– Infinitive + ending
dormiret videam
portem traheremus
sederes ament
vocarent curreret
scribam dicam
What are these??
What is a purpose clause?
How do we spot one in English?
How is a purpose clause formed in Latin?
• A purpose clause describes why someone did something, or the purpose for which they did it
• Purpose clause = ut + subjunctive
E.g. Cicero processit ut diceret
Cicero advanced in order that he might speak
Can you think of a more natural way of translating this sentence?
Cicero processit ut diceretLiteral translation: Cicero advanced in order
that he might speak
Alternative translations:Cicero advanced……
….so that he might speak ….in order to speak ….so as to speak
.…to speak
Sequence of tenses
We are hurrying (present tense verb) so that we may help (present subjunctive) you
We hurried (past tense verb) so that we might help (imperfect subjunctive) you.
1. pueri in via manebant ut pugnam spectarent.
2. Romam eo ut fratrem videam.
3. servus diu laboravit ut dominum servaret.
4. femina totum diem laborat ut puellae cibum habeant.
ne…….• ‘ne’ is used as the negative of ‘ut’ in
purpose clauses
festinamus ne sero adveniamus
we are hurry so that we may not arrive late
we are hurrying so as not to arrive late
we are hurrying lest we arrive late
1. servus diligenter laboravit ut templum aedificaret.
2. pueri Romam veniunt ut libros emant.
3. in villa manebam ut puellae cenam optimam pararent.
4. femina festinat ne sero adveniat.
5. tacebam ne fur me audiret.