Systems of the BodySNC2D

The Integumentary SystemMade up of skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, scent

glands and sebaceous (oil) glandsSweat glands secret sweat; evaporation of sweat

cools the body when it is overheated.Oil glands produce oils that lubricate, waterproof,

and help skin infections. A plugged oil gland looks like a blackhead

The Digestive SystemDigestive system transports nutrients through

the body by the absorption of nutrientsAbsorption is the process by which food that has

already been broken down passes through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream

Absorption mainly takes place in the small intestine

The Digestive SystemThe process of digestion is as follows:

Mouth – teeth, tongue and salivaEsophagus – “peristalsis” – movement of food in

rythmic wavesStomach – physical digestion through churning

action and mixing with digestive juices such as acid and enzymes

Liver – secretes bile into the intestine, which breaks up fat and helps with absorption

Pancreas – secrets insulin to break down sugarsIntestines – reabsorbs water, absorbs nutrients

through large surface areaRectus and Anus – storage of waste materials

until elimination occurs

The Respiratory SystemFunction is to obtain oxygen and release

carbon dioxide

Oxygen is needed for carrying out life processes of the cell as well as for breaking down food to produce energy

When you inhale through your mouth or nose, your rib cage rises and your diaphragm contracts and moves downward to increase the size of your chest cavity while decreasing the air pressure in the cavity

The Respiratory SystemWhen you exhale, your rib cage lowers and

your diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, decreasing the size of your chest cavity.

The Respiratory System

The Respiratory SystemHow It Works:• When you breathe in air through your nose and mouth,

the air passes through the pharynx (throat) into your trachea.

• Air moves down the trachea to the bronchus, into smaller bronchial tubes, and then into tiny air sacs, called alveoli.

• The alveoli are surrounded by thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries. Each lung contains about 150 million alveoli.

• Oxygen travels from the alveoli through the capillaries into the blood.

The Circulatory SystemThe circulatory system is the blood’s

transportation systemThe circulatory system includes the heart, blood,

and blood vessels called arteries, veins and capillaries.

The heart acts as a pump to transport and regulate the flow of blood through a series of blood vessels.

Arteries carry blood away from the heartVeins carry blood back to the heart. Veins contain

valves that stop blood from flowing backward.Network of capillaries connects veins and

arteries

The Circulatory SystemOxygen and carbon dioxide flow in and out of

the capillaries, which are one cell thick.

If blood has more oxygen than tissues, oxygen will be moved, or “diffused” across the capillary walls into the tissues.

Carbon dioxide and other wastes “diffuse” from the tissues to the capillaries

Blood brings the carbon dioxide to the lungs

Superior Vena Cava

Inferior Vena Cava

Right Atrium

Pulmonary Artery

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary Vein

Into the left Atrium from the Pulmonary Veins

Left Ventricle

Aorta

The Circulatory System

http://www.sciencesource2.ca/resources/SS_active_art/active_art/SEinteractive_gr10_ch02_pg70/index.html

The Excretory SystemFilters waste products from the bloodMaintains proper levels of water and

electrolytes in the bodyThis system consists of the kidneys, ureters,

urinary bladder, urethra, and skinWhen blood flows through your kidneys,

waste is removed by filters called nephrons. This waste is called urine

The urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to the bladder where it is stored until elimination, which occurs through the urethra.

The Excretory SystemThe skin is part of this system because it

excretes waste through sweat

Possible DiscomfortsGOUT – body accumulates more than usual amount

of uric acid which gets stored in parts of body such as toe joints. Kidney stones can also form due to gout.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs) – This is caused by bacteria in the urethra blocking the flow of urine

The Endocrine System(info not found in textbook)

This system regulates mood, growth and development, metabolism as well as reproductive processes

Often works together with nervous systemThis system includes hormones and glandsHormone levels can become unbalanced by

factors such as stress or infectionGland is a group of cells that produces

chemicals as well. A gland selects and removes materials from the blood, changes these materials and use them somewhere else in the body

The Lymphatic System(info not found in textbook)

The main purpose of this system is to protect your body against disease

LYMPH is a colourless fluid containing white blood cells

Lymph circulates through the body coating cells in nutrients and oxygen while collecting harmful materials.

Lymph nodes are small nodules which act as filters to trap unwanted substances in the lymph. They also produce more white blood cells.

The Reproductive System

ASK YOUR PARENTS

You will learn about the skeletal, muscle, nervous, and

organ systems during your computer lab on Friday

TASK: Create 5 questions, puzzles, bonus questions, ANYTHING for EACH of the following information:

Section 1.3: Cell Specialization and RegenerationSection 2.1: Organs in Plant and Animals

Section 2.2: Organ Systems in Plant and Animals

Tomorrow will be a review work period!