Chapter 14.3

ObjectivesDescribe two circulatory system conditions

that can be caused by smokingExplain how smoking affects the lungsDescribe two respiratory system diseases

that can be caused by smokingExplain how smoking affects unborn babies

and infants

Key TermsNicotineTarAtherosclerosisHeart attackStrokeHypertensionLung cancerEmphysemaBronchitisAsthma

Why is it Hard to Quit Smoking?Nicotine is an addictive drug

It is absorbed through the lining of the mouthIt is absorbed through the Alveoli of the lungs

It enters the blood and is distributed throughout the body

Only 10 seconds after smoke is inhaled, nicotine reaches the brain

A brief “pleasurable” feeling is felt, then more smoke must be inhaled, as time goes by more smoke is needed

Stopping smoking leads to “withdrawal” symptoms

Health Effects of SmokingSmoke contains

Poisons Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Cyanide

Cancer causing agents, (carcinogens) Tar

Ash Particles Chemicals

Health Effects of SmokingSmoking harms the body’s cleaning system

The lungs use mucus and cilia to remove small foreign objects from the lungs

Coughing removes larger objects from the lungSmoking is linked to atherosclerosis

This can lead to heart attacksThis can also lead to stroke in the brainThis can also lead to high blood pressure

hypertension

Health Effects of SmokingLung Cancer, (fewer than 10% live 5 years)

About 90% of all cases of lung cancer are related to smoking

Breathing polluted air could also cause lung cancer, smoking increases this risk too

Lung cancer develops very slowly and may not be seen for 20-40 years

It takes 10 years for the risks to be reduced, but only AFTER the person quits smoking

Health Effects of SmokingMany other cancers that may be “triggered” by

smokingBladder, pancreas, mouth, kidney, throat, larynx,

esophagusAbout 1/3 of all cancer in the USA is linked to

smokingThere are other serious diseases linked to

smokingEmphysemaBronchitisAsthma

Secondhand SmokeThose that do not smoke may be affected by

the smoking of othersSlightly lower risks are seen for the same

diseases as smokersPregnant Women, (increased infant death)

Smokers Nicotine may cause miscarriage or premature birth

Secondhand smokers No data to suggest it is any different than smoking

SummaryTobacco smoke contains nicotine and tarSmoking increases a person’s risk for

developing diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems

Tobacco smoke reduces the ability of the lungs to clean themselves

People who breath secondhand smoke are at risk for the same diseases as smokers

Smoking affects the health of unborn babies

DefinitionsNicotine is a toxic, addictive substance found in

tobacco, (is also used as a pesticide to kill insects)Tar is a complex mixture of compounds, and ash

particles contained in tobacco smokeAtherosclerosis is a disease in which fatty deposits

form in the walls of arteriesHeart attack is the death of a portion of the heart

caused by reduced blood supply to the heart muscleStroke is a sudden loss of function in a part of the

brain when it is deprived of its blood supply

DefinitionsHypertension is a condition in which the blood

pressure is consistently higher than normalLung cancer is uncontrolled growth of cells that

begins in the lungsEmphysema is a disease in which the Alveoli in

the lung collapse and break apartBronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchusAsthma is when the bronchus become swollen

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