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Smoking aloft: an illustrated history A Blum

Tob. Control 2004;13;4-7

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Smoking aloft: an illustrated history ABlum, MD

l 920s and 1930s

The emergence of civil aviation was associated with glamour, darjng and sophlstkation. At the sa1ne tiJ:ne, smoking was being promoted and popularised. The two industries were often depicted together in dgarette advenisements with an aviation theme. Advertisers often linked women to smoking and flight. Images of aviators and aviatrices such as Amelia Earhart were invoked to sell cigarettes.

Tobacco Controi 2004;13(Suppl l):i4-i7

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An illustrated history

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1940s

Cigarettes were very pop-ular during the second world war. Advertisements and posters fr om this time often depicted flying and smoking together. Although smoking was not initially permitted on airplanes, cigarette companies provided

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l 950s to l 970s

After the war, images of airlines and smoking were seen together worldwide. By the 1950s, virt uall y all of the world's airlines permitted smoking and distributed complimentary cigarettes (see Philip Morris-Ozark Airlines sample at right). In spite of the growing recognition of the harmful effects of smoking in the l 960s and l 970s, airlines made little effort to protect non-smoking travellers .

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An illustrated history

l 980s to present

By the 1980s, the failure of adjustable non-smoking sections to diminish cabin air pollution motivated a handful of flight attendants in the USA to lobby Congress for eradication of smoking aloft. The tobacco indu stry attempted to subvert these efforts by creating such terms as "environmental tobacco smoke", conducting bogus research, and dismissing allegations of harm from secondhand smoke as hysteria . In the late 1980s and 1990s the quest by flight attendants for legal redress for harm suffered from occupational exposure to tobacco smoke resulted in the largest class action settlement in the history of tobacco litiga tion and the creation of the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute.

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With support from the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institu te, The University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society is documenting the history of smoking on commercial aircraft. This pictorial review was based on an exhibit presented at the Twe(fth World Conference on Tobacco and Jlealth in Helsinki, August 3-8, 2003. Dr Blum serves as Director of the Center as well as FAMRI William Cahan Distinguished Professor. Lori Jacobi, AfA, pro vided research assistance.

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