Prevalence and associated factors of smoking among

Slemani Medical School students

Huzaifa Yusuf Musab

Contents

Introduction Material and Methods Results Conclusion Recommendations

Introduction

Smoking is implicated in a substantial number of diseases, including hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, lung and esophagus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and digestive ulcer.

Introduction

Health Professionals are in an excellent position that allows them to have a prominent role on tobacco control. Tobacco contains nicotine, a highly addictive drug that makes it difficult for smokers to kick the habit. Tobacco products also contain many poisonous and harmful substances that cause disease and premature death.

Introduction

Various studies have been conducted all over the world to assess the prevalence of smoking among the health care providers to plan for the interventional strategies locally as well as internationally. There are an estimated 1.1 thousand million smokers worldwide, approximately one third of the global population aged 15 years and over (47% of men and 12% of women).

Introduction

Most smokers live in developing countries (800 million) and the majorities are males (700 million).

Although smoking rates have decreased in developed countries in past years, there has been a corresponding increase in smoking rates in developing countries.

Introduction

Passive smoking is another issue that has been much discussed in recent years. It seems that second-hand smoke does cause major illnesses. People have a right to work in a smoke-free environment. Likewise, young children should be in houses free of smoke. Children whose parents smoke in the home are more likely to develop asthma and other respiratory problems.

Introduction

Objectives: To identify the prevalence and associated factors of smoking among Slemani Medical School students.

Material and Methods

Subjects:1st to 6th year medical students at the Slemani Medical School

Methods:cross-sectional study

Material and Methods

Statistical analysis: The software used for entering and

analyzing the data was SPSS v21. Chi-Squared and Fisher’s Exact

analyses run if 20.0% or more of data cells in

contingency table had expected count below 5 Fisher’s exact was used

p value of less than 0.05 taken as significant

Results

  Frequency Percent

Sex

Male 90 57.0 %

Female 67 42.4 %

NR 1 .6 %

Marital Status

Single 147 93.0 %

Married 5 3.2 %

NR 6 3.8 %

Stage

1 25 15.8 %

2 26 16.5 %

3 34 21.5 %

4 26 16.5 %

5 24 15.2 %

6 23 14.6 %

Socio-demographic data

  Frequency Percent

SES

High (Rich) 20 12.7 %

Moderate 129 81.6 %

Low (Poor) 5 3.2 %

NR 4 2.5 %

Residence

City 131 82.9 %

Countryside 26 16.5 %

NR 1 .6 %

Age

<20 60 38.0%

21-24 88 55.7%

>24 6 3.8%

NR 4 2.5%

ResultsSocio-demographic data

Results

P value = < 0.001Are you a smoker?

TotalYes No

Student Sex

MaleCount 23 67 90

% 25.6% 74.4% 100.0%

FemaleCount 2 65 67

% 3.0% 97.0% 100.0%

TotalCount 25 132 157

% of Total 15.9% 84.1% 100.0%

Results

P value = 0.049Are you a smoker?

Total

Yes No

Student Age

<20Count 4 56 60

% 6.7% 93.3% 100.0%

21-24Count 19 69 88

% 21.6% 78.4% 100.0%

>24Count 1 5 6

% 16.7% 83.3% 100.0%

Results

P value = 0.028Fisher's Exact Test

Are you a smoker?

Total

Yes No

Socioeconomic Status

High (Rich)Count 4 16 20

% 20.0% 80.0% 100.0%

ModerateCount 18 111 129

% 14.0% 86.0% 100.0%

Low (Poor)Count 3 2 5

% 60.0% 40.0% 100.0%

TotalCount 25 129 154

% of Total 16.2% 83.8% 100.0%

Results

P value = < 0.001

Have you ever tried cigarette smoking, even

one or two puffs? Total

Yes No

Student Sex

MaleCount 51 39 90

% 56.7% 43.3% 100.0%

FemaleCount 17 50 67

% 25.4% 74.6% 100.0%

TotalCount 68 89 157

% of Total 43.3% 56.7% 100.0%

Results

P value = < 0.001

If one of your best friends offered you a cigarette, would you smoke it?

Total

Yes No Don't Know

Student Sex

MaleCount 30 54 6 90

% 33.3% 60.0% 6.7% 100.0%

FemaleCount 4 59 4 67

% 6.0% 88.1% 6.0% 100.0%

TotalCount 34 113 10 157

% of Total 21.7% 72.0% 6.4% 100.0%

Results

P value = 0.043

Are you in favor of banning smoking in

enclosed public places (such as schools)? Total

Yes No

Student Sex

MaleCount 53 36 89

% 59.6% 40.4% 100.0%

FemaleCount 28 37 65

% 43.1% 56.9% 100.0%

TotalCount 81 73 154

% of Total 52.6% 47.4% 100.0%

Results

P value = 0.022Fisher's Exact Test

Where do you smoke most often?

Total

University Home Other

Student Sex

MaleCount 10 2 10 22

% 45.5% 9.1% 45.5% 100.0%

FemaleCount 0 2 0 2

% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%

Total Count 10 4 10 24

Results

Frequency Percent

Which one is more harmful? Narghile

Cigarette 17 10.8%

Narghile 111 70.3%

Don't Know 27 17.1%

Over 8000 chemical compounds are created by burning a cigarette? false

True 47 29.7%

False 21 13.3%

Don't Know 89 56.3%

Cigarette smoking is the fastest way to deliver nicotine to the brain? true

True 100 63.3%

False 15 9.5%

Don't Know 42 26.6%

Knowledge about smoking

Conclusion

Smoking is somewhat highly prevalent among Slemani Medical School students (15.8%).

43.3% of all students have tried cigarette smoking in their life (even one or two puffs).

Small portion of non-smokers would smoke cigarette if one of their best friend offered them a cigarette.

Conclusion

Most of the smokers smoke both Narghile and cigarette.

Most of the smokers think that if they keep smoking they may become ill in the future.

Half of the smokers tried to quit smoking but they could not succeed.

Females smoke at home most often.

Conclusion

Most of the smoker’s family wants them to quit smoking.

Examinations increase smoking frequency.

Most of the smokers think that they will quit smoking when they get married.

Recommendations

Knowledge about the hazards of smoking on the student’s health should be taught.

Smoking cigarette should be banned inside the school to decrease their smoking frequency.

Lectures about stress should be given before starting the examinations since student’s smoking frequency increases during examination.

Recommendations

Being more serious in taking the absence in the class, because most of the students who do not attend the lecture smoke outside the class.

Quitting Buddies program: the likelihood of following through on health goals increases with a partner. Quitters should be helped to connect with each other for support.

Free cessation counseling based on motivational interviewing practices should be provided to students by professional staff at health services.

Thanks

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