SMOKE KILLS

By Aayush Kapar

http://www.clker.com/cliparts/5/2/3/c/11949849721417162341no_smoking_joel_montes_d_01.svg.med.png

http://www.bestwaytoquit-smoking.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/quit-smoking.jpg

http://turbohealthcare.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/smoking_large.jpg

What is a cigarette? A cigarette is a small roll of finely cut tobacco leaves wrapped in a cylinder of thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smolder; its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held in or to the mouth and in some cases a cigarette holder may be used as well. Most modern manufactured cigarettes are filtered and include reconstituted tobacco and other additives.[1]

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Zwei_zigaretten.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Zwei_zigaretten.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AZGroiQNJ-E/TU-EiU135eI/AAAAAAAAAHY/-kq4apKyrbE/s1600/cigarette.jpg

What things are in cigarettes?

http://www.quitsmokingpill2.com/images/float/smoking-facts.jpghttp://www.bloodindex.com/images/smoking.gif

What chemicals are in cigarettes?

Familiar Chemicals in Cigarettes

Chemical

Found in:

carbon monoxide

car exhaust

nicotine bug sprays

tar material to make roads

arsenic rat poison

ammonia cleaning products

hydrogen cyanide

gas chamber poison

cyanide deadly poison

acetone nail polish remover

butane cigarette lighter fluid

DDT insecticides

formaldehydeto preserve dead bodies

sulfuric acid car batteries

cadmium used to recharge batteries

freon damages earth's ozone layer

geranic acid a fragrance

methoprene a pesticide

maltitol a sweetener not permitted to be used in foods in the U.S.

There are over 4,000 chemicals in cigarettes. 51 of them are known to be carcinogenic. A carcinogen is something that causes cancer. Cancer is a disease that often kills those who have it. There are many types of cancer: breast, lung, larynx, stomach, prostrate, kidney, leukemia (cancer of the blood), etc. In all kinds of cancer, the cells keep dividing and forming new, abnormal cells. These cells are not normal or healthy. [2]

What are some common causes for people to start smoking?

People start smoking because: grown up in an environment where their parents, grandparents

and older siblings smoke - so they smoke in order to look and act like them. [3]

Peer pressure - because their friends have tried it or smoke themselves

defiance against their parents or people[3]

have low self-esteem - Smoking may get them in with the "in crowd" and help them to make friends

to appear older and more grown up

experimenting with smoking (curiosity) - just want to try it so see what all the fuss is about[3]

People continue smoking because: nicotine is highly addictive

people think that they need cigarettes in order to cope with stress or nerves[3]

relaxes them

afraid of giving up smoking as they think that they will gain a huge amount of weight when they stop[3]

http://cdn.ubergizmo.com/photos/2007/5/e-cigarette.jpg

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z8UtypbqDqU/TVrAg_gbSCI/AAAAAAAABds/5GuXzgd8rps/s1600/kids+smoking.jpg

how many teens/young people smoke?

Close to 1.3 billion people smoke [4]

Worldwide, between 80,000 and 100,000 kids start smoking every day!!! [5]

http://cdn.ubergizmo.com/photos/2007/5/e-cigarette.jpg

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z8UtypbqDqU/TVrAg_gbSCI/AAAAAAAABds/5GuXzgd8rps/s1600/kids+smoking.jpg

http://www.cbsnews.com/i/tim/2010/12/14/joint_620x350.jpg

http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2005/06/12/smoke_wideweb__430x268.jpg

What are the short term consequences of smoking

Circulatory System

1.Heart Rate 2.Blood Pressure 3.Dizziness 4.Skin Temperature of Fingers & Toes 5.Hand Tremor 6.Constriction of Blood Vessels 7.Flow of Blood Supply and Oxygen 8.Fat and Cholesterol Deposition in Blood Vessels

Respiratory System

1.Paralyses Cilia, reduces function Irritates Allergies 2.Cough & Colds 3.Irritates Eyes & Throat

Digestive System

1.Acid in Stomach 2.Sensation of Appetite, Taste & Smell 3.Bad Breath

Nervous System

1.Stimulates, then Reduces Brain Activity

Muscular System 1.Physical Endurance what does

smoking do to people’s health right after they finish a cigarette?

Here are some of the consequences

Information from:http://www0.hku.hk/uhs/he/smoke/health_effect-eng.htm

What are the long term consequences (health risks) of smoking?

Circulatory System

1.Narrowing or hardening of blood vessels in heart, brain, etc. 2.Coronary heart disease 3.Peripheral vascular disease due to blood flow in narrowed blood vessels 4.Arteriosclerosis

Respiratory System

1.Cancer of Lungs 2.Emphysema 3.Chronic bronchitis 4.Shortness of breath 5.Cough and respiratory infections 6.Cancer of Larynx

Digestive System

1.Stomach ulcers 2.Bad Breath 3.Cancer of mouth, oesophagus and pancreas

Nervous System 1.Stroke

Urinary System 1.Cancer of bladder and kidney

Muscular System 1.Muscle Tone

Cosmetic Effect

1.Wrinkling and premature aging of the skin 2.Sallow, yellow-grey complexion 3.Stains fingers and nails 4.Stains teeth

Reproductive System

1.Reproductive fertility 2.Birth weight (200 grams lighter) 3.Miscarriages, complications at birth and retarded foetal growth 4.Cancer of cervix

Here are some of the consequences

Information from:http://www0.hku.hk/uhs/he/smoke/health_effect-eng.htm

How many people die that are caused by smoking?

• Around 5.4 million deaths a year are caused by tobacco. [6]

* Smoking is set to kill 6.5 million people in 2015 and 8.3 million humans in 2030, with the biggest rise in low-and middle-income countries. [6]

* Every 6.5 seconds a current or former smoker dies, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). [6]

• 33 percent to 50 percent of all smokers are killed by their habit.* Smokers die on average 15 years sooner than nonsmokers. [6]

• Every 6.5 seconds a current or former smoker dies, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). [6]

Tobacco use will kill 1 billion people in the 21st century if current smoking trends continue. [6]

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z6mfEIAejg4/TdJDPnumO-I/AAAAAAAAAAY/-b7LjwAISV0/s1600/old-man-dying-from-smoking.jpg

What body parts are affected by smoking?

Mouth and throat: Tobacco smoke can cause gum disease and tooth decay. The teeth become yellow or black. [7]

Esophagus: The tars in smoke can trigger cancer. [7]

Brain: Headaches are common. Lack of oxygen and narrowing of blood-vessels can lead to strokes. [7]

Bronchi: Smoke contains hydrogen cyanide and other chemicals, which attack the lining of the bronchi, inflaming them and increasing susceptibility to bronchitis. [7]

Lungs: People who inhale smoke are ten times more likely to get lung cancer than non-smokers. Mucus secretion is increased, causing chronic catarrh and smoker’s cough [7] .Circulation: Nicotine raises blood-pressure. Carbon monoxide leads to development of cholesterol deposits in artery walls, causing heart attacks and strokes. Loss of circulation in limbs can cause amputation. [7]

Heart: Nicotine in cigarette smoke makes the heart beat faster and so it works hard. Blood clot more easily, increasing the risk of heart attack. Carbon monoxide robs the blood of oxygen, again increasing the risk of heart attack. [7]

Intestine: Smoking can cause diarrhea and ulcers also. [7]

Stomach: Increased acid secretion can lead to ulcers. [7]

Bladder: Excreted carcinogens can cause cancer. [7]

What does it mean to be addicted to smoking?A smoking addiction means a person has formed an uncontrollable dependence on cigarettes to the point where stopping smoking would cause severe emotional, mental, or physical reactions. [8]

http://moblog.net/media/s/w/e/sweetmags/thats-a-lot-of-cigarettes.jpg

http://us.cdn2.123rf.com/168nwm/gabriele/gabriele0605/gabriele060500072/406032-a-lot-of-cigarettes.jpg

Why do people get addicted to smoking/what makes cigarettes addictive?

Nicotine is a psychoactive drug with stimulant effects on the electrical activity of the brain. It also has calming effects, especially at times of stress, as well as effects on hormonal and other systems throughout the body. Although its subjective effects are less dramatic and obvious than those of some other addictive drugs, smoking doses of nicotine causes activation of "pleasure centers" in the brain (for example, the mesolimbic dopamine system), which may explain the pleasure, and addictiveness of smoking. [8]

\

tobacco

http://www.bridge-bradford.org.uk/uploads/images/drugs/nicotine.jpg

Most addicitive chemical in a cigarette is Nicotine. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction. It is absorbed and enters the bloodstream, through the lungs when smoke is inhaled, and through the lining of the mouth when tobacco is smoked. It is also absorbed through the nose from nasal snuff. [8]

quitting smokingIf you stop smoking before or during

middle age (age 35 to 50), you will avoid about 90 percent of the lung cancer risk. If you are currently middle-aged, you are also more likely to succeed in quitting now than when you were younger. [8]

The reason why so many people fail to stop is because they are addicted. Being addicted does not mean that you cannot stop - only that it is likely to be difficult. Anyone can succeed if he or she goes about it in the right way. [8] http://

ourchangingclimate.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/quit_smoking_funny_cartoon.jpg

How hard is it to quit smoking? Most smokers want to stop and do indeed try, but only one in three succeeds in stopping permanently before age 60. By this time, much harm may have been done to the body - some of it irreversible. [8]

•Those who eventually quit smoking usually try to stop two or three times before they're successful. [8]

•Only 2.5 percent of smokers successfully quit each year.

[8]http://www.howtoquitsmokingfree.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/1297606711-79.gif

What are the benefits of quitting smoking?

Within 12 hours after you have your last cigarette, your body will begin to heal itself. The levels of carbon monoxide and nicotine in your system will decline rapidly, and your heart and lungs will begin to repair the damage caused by cigarette smoke. As your body begins to repair itself, instead of feeling better right away, you may feel worse for a while. It's important to understand that healing is a process begins immediately, but it continues over time. These "withdrawal pangs" are really symptoms of the recovery process. [11]

Immediately after quitting, many ex-smokers experience "symptoms of recovery" such as temporary weight gain caused by fluid retention, irregularity, and dry, sore gums or tongue. You may feel edgy, hungry, more tired, and more short-tempered than usual and have trouble sleeping and notice that you are coughing a lot. These symptoms are the result of your body clearing itself of nicotine, a powerful addictive chemical. Most nicotine is gone from the body in 2-3 days. [11]

Within ...20 minutes Your blood pressure, pulse rate, and the temperature of your hands and feet will all return to normal.8 hours Remaining nicotine in your bloodstream will have fallen to 6.25% of normal peak daily levels, a 93.25% reduction.12 hours Your blood oxygen level will have increased to normal and carbon monoxide levels will have dropped to normal.24 hours Anxieties peak in intensity and within two weeks should return to near pre-cessation levels.

48 hoursDamaged nerve endings have started to regrow and your sense of smell and taste are beginning to return to normal. Cessation anger and irritability peaks.

72 hours

Your entire body will test 100% nicotine-free and over 90% of all nicotine metabolites (the chemicals it breaks down into) will now have passed from your body via your urine.  Symptoms of chemical withdrawal have peaked in intensity, including restlessness. The number of cue induced crave episodes experienced during any quitting day will peak for the "average" ex-user. Lung bronchial tubes leading to air sacs (alveoli) are beginning to relax in recovering smokers. Breathing is becoming easier and the lungs functional abilities are starting to increase.

5 - 8 daysThe "average" ex-smoker will encounter an "average" of three cue induced crave episodes per day. Although we may not be "average" and although serious cessation time distortion can make minutes feel like hours, it is unlikely that any single episode will last longer than 3 minutes. Keep a clock handy and time them.

10 days 10 days - The "average ex-user is down to encountering less than two crave episodes per day, each less than 3 minutes. 10 days to 2 weeks

Recovery has likely progressed to the point where your addiction is no longer doing the talking. Blood circulation in our gums and teeth are now similar to that of a non-user.

2 to 4 weeksCessation related anger, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, impatience, insomnia, restlessness and depression have ended. If still experiencing any of these symptoms get seen and evaluated by your physician.

21 daysBrain acetylcholine receptor counts up-regulated in response to nicotine's presence have now down-regulated and receptor binding has returned to levels seen in the brains of non-smokers.

2 weeks to 3 months Your heart attack risk has started to drop. Your lung function is beginning to improve.

3 weeks to 3 months

Your circulation has substantially improved. Walking has become easier. Your chronic cough, if any, has likely disappeared.

1 to 9 monthsAny smoking related sinus congestion, fatigue or shortness of breath have decreased. Cilia have regrown in your lungs thereby increasing their ability to handle mucus, keep your lungs clean, and reduce infections. Your body's overall energy has increased.

1 year Your excess risk of coronary heart disease, heart attack and stroke has dropped to less than half that of a smoker.5 to 15 years Your risk of stroke has declined to that of a non-smoker.

10 years

Your risk of being diagnosed with lung cancer is between 30% and 50% of that for a continuing smoker (2005 study). Risk of death from lung cancer has declined by almost half if you were an average smoker (one pack per day).  Your risk of pancreatic cancer has declined to that of a never-smoker (2011 study), while risk of cancer of the mouth, throat and esophagus has also declined.

13 years Your risk of smoking induced tooth loss has declined to that of a never-smoker (2006 study). 15 years Your risk of coronary heart disease is now that of a person who has never smoked.

20 yearsFemale excess risk of death from all smoking related causes, including lung disease and cancer, has now reduced to that of a never-smoker (2008 study).

http://whyquit.com/whyquit/A_Benefits_Time_Table.html

What are some techniques people use to quit smoking?

Zyban: an anti-smoking pill that seems to reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms and the urge to smoke, and it contains no nicotine. [9]

Chantix: a selective nicotinic receptor modulator used as part of a program to help you quit smoking. [9]

Low-Level Laser Therapy: emitting a fine-point "cold laser" into your skin which stimulates your body's endorphin production system. Endorphins are natural chemicals in your body that signal your internal system to decrease stress and increase energy [9]

Acupuncture: a healing technique derived from ancient Chinese medicine. As with hypnosis, acupuncture works for those with a strong desire to quit. [9]

Start your stop smoking plan with STARTS = Set a quit date. T = Tell family, friends, and co-workers that you plan to quit. A = Anticipate and plan for the challenges you'll face while quitting.R = Remove cigarettes and other tobacco products from your home, car, and work.T = Talk to your doctor about getting help to quit. [10]

If it doesn't work, follow these steps

Think about this when someone tells you to smoking

http://www.quitsmoking-aid.com/images/float/stop-smoking-treatments.jpg

http://lifestyleandchronicdiseases.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/smoking.jpgh

ttp

://s

4.h

ub

img

.com

/u/2

03

06

7_f

52

0.jp

g

References [1]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarette

[2]http://www.healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit4/1whats_in.html

[3]http://www.helpwithsmoking.com/why-people-smoke.php

[4]http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_many_people_smoke_cigarettes

[5] global smoking statistics

[6]http://www.inforesearchlab.com/smokingdeaths.chtml

[7] http://www.ciggyfree.com/cigblog/2007/04/16/the-harmful-effects-of-smoking-on-different-parts-of-the-body/

[8] http://ehealthmd.com/library/smoking/SMO_whatis.html

[9] http://www.quitsmokingsupport.com/methods.htm

[10] http://www.helpguide.org/mental/quit_smoking_cessation.htm

[11] http://www.quitsmokingsupport.com/benefits.htm

THANK YOU

http://www.clker.com/cliparts/5/2/3/c/11949849721417162341no_smoking_joel_montes_d_01.svg.med.png

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_rG2dquD5xoo/S82MuDXro1I/AAAAAAAAATw/DcQEjPVkbDs/s400/stop+smoking.jpg

http://www.howtoquitsmokingfree.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/1302686291-85.jpg