SMILE (Stanford Mobile Inquiry-based Learning Environment)

Thailand Indonesia

India Korea

Paul KimAssistant Dean &

Chief Technology OfficerStanford University

Graduate School of Educationphkim@stanford.edu

6B out of 7B/ 2B in drawers

Previous Mobile Learning Research leading to develop SMILE

A few projects Mobile Learning Initiatives for migrant indigenous children who never owned any book

2006

2008

Game-based mobile learning

PocketSchool2009

PocketSchool is an initiative to give educational access to underserved children and mitigate digital, education, and economic divides.

PocketSchool

Contextualization

Madaris Migrant Children (Never attended schools) playing Math games2-hour drive from Rajkot, India

From device recognition to problem solving through collaborations.

Response tracking log

10

`

14

USAScience - Textbook content remixingQuestions from students’ curiosities

17

Embedded mobile device to measure wind power and velocity from analyzing data captured with mobile devices

Documentation and Visualization of Evidence ofCollective design thinking

Understanding Education Ecosystem

PEDAGOGY

NEW POSSIBILITIES

VALUE

APPLICABLE

CONTEXTUALIZED

SHARABLE / REPLICABLE

CATALYZE LEARNING

ENABLING AGENTTECHNOLOGY

CONTENT

Perceived Value

Value alignment -teacher/parent/ school leader/ studentMotivate all constituencies

ANSWERS “WHY?”

IGNITE PASSION

Must continue to evolve

What is SMILE?

Educational Perspective

• SMILE is a pedagogical /andragogical model• SMILE is a learning tool• SMILE is an inquiry maker • SMILE is a peer assessment tool • SMILE is a presentation tool• SMILE is a discussion stimulus tool• SMILE is a student evaluation tool• SMILE is a mobile learning management system• SMILE is a learning object repository• SMILE is an exam practice tool

Technical Perspective

• SMILE consists of a SMILE server and mobile devices• SMILE consists of a teacher/facilitator system and

student application• 2 models - SMILE ADHOC and SMILE GLOBAL• SMILE ADHOC is for places without Internet access• SMILE ADHOC can run on battery in classrooms

without electricity• SMILE GLOBAL allows people to share, solve, present,

and evaluate questions globally

Economic Perspective• SMILE ADHOC uses mobile devices such as Android

phones or tablets ranging from $30 to $500 ea• Typically, students work in teams, sharing one device

per two or three students in each group• For example, a class of 75 students can participate in

a SMILE session with 25 mobile devices• A school with multiple classes can take turns by

moving the devices from one classroom to another• Typically, a class runs SMILE sessions twice a week• SMILE ADHOC requires a notebook or SMILE Plug• All SMILE software solutions are FREE open source

How does SMILE work?

Make Question

IncorporateMobile media

Share

SolveRate

Reflect

Exchange

Mobility, Social Networking, & Gamification

In Teams

Where is lecture or memorization?

S

Depending on different goals, students can create multiple choice questions oropen-ended questions

Ask this group why they made this question!

Student-made questions are shared, solved, rated, presented, discussed, and saved (if rated suitable for re-use).

Teacher/ facilitator may allow students to use Internet before, during, or after the session if Internet is available.

Students use a rubric to evaluate peer questions and present their rationale.

A locally developed rubric may cover: clarity, relevance, effectiveness of media, level of learning (creative critical thinking vs. traditional simple recall).

Teacher/ facilitator pinpoints mistakes, misunderstandings, issues, etc.

Tanzania

Questions in Swahili and English.No textbook. Only the teacher owns textbooks.

Learning English by creating questions with photos. (Bottom)

Why do we need SMILE in schools?

What do we do in our schools?

Which characteristic of motion could change without changing the velocity of an object?

A) the speed B) the position C) the direction D) the acceleration State standards - 8th grade science test

• Teachers give students what to memorize for tests• Someone did all the necessary research and made questions for students • This is a typical simple recall question

Current Model

Teachers come up with questions while students do rote memorization and simple recalls.

What we don’t do in schools?

CreatingEvaluatingAnalyzingApplyingUnderstandingRememberingForgetting What we do in schools

SMILETeam CollaborationGamification

Hig

her o

rder

le

arni

ng

SMILE MODEL

We can leverage mobile technology to increase student engagement and achievement in all levels of education and scenarios.

How do we implement SMILE?

1st Students make practice questions on paper

2nd Students make questions with mobiles

3rd Students solve the peer-generated problems

2nd – Students Make Questions with Mobile

4th Students evaluate the problems

1. Selebra - celebra2. Celebrated3. In 1851?4. Exposition5. Prince Albert6. Queen Victoria

There are many variations on how to run SMILE

Students read a chapter and come up with questions.

Students conduct research and come up with questions.

One group makes questions and another group comes up with possible answers.

Best student questions made in previous sessions are reused.

Student teams compete in evaluation scores.

Student question repositories are exchanged.

After initial workshop…

Local teachers run SMILE workshops

Collect student questions

Analyze student questions onChange of quality, pattern, scope, etc.

What have we learned so far?

Indonesia – Rural Village SchoolMath – Multi-age/ multi ability groupAdvanced questions challenge less advanced studentsAdvanced students benefit from diverse questions

• Teachers were able to take over running sessions after observing 3 initial sessions.

•It took about 3 sessions for students to feel comfortable with the SMILE model.

• Students were able to take photos and add them into their questions.

• Teachers were active in coming up with their own ideas about how to use the technology in their classrooms.

Dropbox syncing questions

Surprisingly quick to adapt to the new learning model. 1st graders give extreme ratings: 1 or 5

S. Korea. Medical University - BYODMoving from lecture-centered to student interaction centered modelDeveloped local evaluation rubrics

SMILE Plug Prototype with batteries for places without electricity. The plug also contained many educational games & videos including TED Talks.

Influencing Industry Adoption

Creates a reliable digital classroomPrivate classroom cloud for up to 60 studentsEasy, low-cost deployment (Manufacturing cost $30)Portable Wi-Fi access point, gateway, & content server

Findings• High engagement

• Mobile media & network make learning interesting & interactive

• Mobile – portable, versatile, affordable, sharable & simple

• Students collaborate within own groups & compete against others

• Learning and assessment take place at the same time

• Teachers as facilitators and subject matter experts

• SMILE could be used for all learning scenarios in all conditions

• Simple & low cost implementation (share & rotate the use of devices)

Findings

• Students are not used to making questions

• Early questions are all simple recall questions

• Question quality improves over time, but many sessions are needed

• Must be integrated in existing curriculum first

• Teachers often want to have students make exam practice questions, not open questions

Upcoming

• GLOBAL SMILE - Students should be able to exchange questions globally, to generate questions at their convenience, and to solve questions at own pace

• SMILE Plug – to be packaged with open education content for developing regions

• SMILE Consortium – to establish open source consortium

Big Challenges

small screen, game addiction, no nature, etc.

DocumentingManipulatingSharingMaking questionsOrganizingPresenting

MeasuringAnalyzingVerifyingExperimenting

CreatingCapturingSharingCollaboratingSolving problems made by peersPeer evaluating

Bigger Challenges

Question: What is science?

Teacher: Leads discussion on whether this is a good question, asks: is it properly written in English, is it creative?

Explain why climate change influences human activities?

Why do leaves fall?

SMILE introduced to23 countries and reached over 25,000 students

worldwide

SMILE Consortium established

Wireless Broadband Tanzania Airtel 3.75G Coverage Map

2.5G (GPRS), 3G (UMTS) and 3.5G and HSPA+

South Africa (Cell C) Congo-Brazzaville (Airtel) Sierra Leone (Airtel) Zambia (Airtel) Ghana (Airtel) Nigeria (Etisalat) Egypt (Etisalat) Kenya (Airtel) Nigeria (Airtel) Tanzania (Airtel) Rwanda (Airtel) Malawi (Airtel) Madagascar (Airtel)

Questions?

Paul Kimdigitalschema@gmail.com