Smartphones Introduction to Embedded Systems...

Introduction to Embedded Systems Research:Applications: smartphones and wireless sensor networks

Robert Dick

[email protected] of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

University of Michigan

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Temperature (°C)

Position (mm)

Temperature (°C)

SmartphonesWireless sensor networks

Deadlines and announcements

Embedded system diagram

2 R. Dick EECS 598-13



Outline

1. Smartphones

2. Wireless sensor networks

3. Deadlines and announcements




History

Many smartphone-like devices in mid-2000s, but notwidespread.

Started to become popular in late 2000s.

2.7 billion in world now.

Still growing. Desktops and laptops are not.

Illustrates mispredictions by authorities.

These are toys.

Windows will beat Unix-like OSs.




Properties

Compact.

Battery-powered.

Wireless communication.

Run third-party installable software.

Many sensors.

Physically accessible.




Security

Sensors.

Information leakage (more on this).

Phishing and network attacks.




Taint tracking, e.g., TaintDroid

Track flow of secrets to untrusted applications.

Credit Enck, Gilbert, Han, et al., TaintDroid...




Connectivity

Infrastructure 802.11.

Cellular infrastructure.

Bluetooth.

Possible future directions

LPWAN.

Infrastructureless / DTN.

Example: Weather Channel app.




Common sensors

IMUs: gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers.

Optical reflection proximity.

Sound: allows much more than voice communication.

Light.

Barometer.

GPS.

Touch.

Temperature.




Future

If someone were to design the ultimate privacy undermining device, it wouldlook a lot like a modern smartphone.

Mobile and distributed financial transactions.

Power production and delivery analogy?

UI for the IoT?




Outline

1. Smartphones






History

Research from late 1990s.

Several companies founded around 2000.

Commonly used in agricultural, civil engineering, environmental engineering,security,commercial status tracking, and biology applications.




Properties

Very compact: square inches of area to grain-of-rice are typical.

Inexpensive:$60 off the shelf, less in volume.

Wireless, often with horrible wireless communication environment.

Have a variety of sensors.

Generally don’t actuate or directly implement control algorithms.

Tight energy consumption constraints.

Hard to design for application experts.

Often difficult to physically access.




Sensors

Yes.All of them.




Power consumption

3 W-h in a AA alkaline cell.

50 µW a reasonable average power target.

1/10,000 that of a Christmas tree light.

Solar common.

Sometimes disposable: RoHS. Is this littering?




Connectivity

Image credit Aksel Bondø.

Star.

Tree.

Mesh.

Defect/delaytolerant network.




Routing

AODV

Nodes broadcast and state ultimate destination.

Nodes with knowledge of appropriate routes forward.

Directed diffusion

Nodes request (transitive) data needs.

Sensors (transitively) respond.

Geographic routing: route around holes / escape local minima.




Security

Sensor spoofing.

Sybil: create many false identities.

Wormhole: move messages to remote locations in network.

Sinkhole: gather and destroy messages.

Snooping.

DoS.

Malicious reports.




Future

Integration into IoT, with actuation and control becoming more common.

Energy pressure to high levels of local analysis and decision making.

Others?




Outline

1. Smartphones







28 February: Midterm exam in class period.


Smartphones Introduction to Embedded Systems...

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