Smartphones, Brain Science, and Gamification · “Explaining User Acceptance of Information...
Transcript of Smartphones, Brain Science, and Gamification · “Explaining User Acceptance of Information...
Smartphones, Brain Science,
Presented byAllison Haughton Martin
Bossier Parish Community College
Engaging and Retaining
Students
through an OER Design
and Gamification
What you’ll learn…
Post-Graduate (ABD)Computer-Mediated CommunicationPunctuated Language Equilibrium(University of Leicester, England)GraduateHypertext Theory & Game/Play Applications to Literature(Louisiana State University-Shreveport)
Higher Ed InstructionProfessor of English & HumanitiesF2F/Online Design/Instruction (14 years)
AdministrationDirector, Institutional Effectiveness InitiativesOER Online Mobile Design: Open Campus™ Applications (6 years)
The Open Campus™ DesignNationally Recognized, Best-Practice Model
-AAUA Khaladjan International Award-NCIA Exemplary Initiatives-Wharton School’s Reimagine Education Shortlist-UPCEA Strategic Innovation in Online Education-University Business Models of Excellence-NCSD Terry O’Banion Exemplary Practice-4-time Bellwether Top-ten Finalist
$1.8M DoE “First in the World” Grant
What DoGame Designers
KnowThatWe
Don’t?
Deep Structure of Gamification/Game DesignBuilding Player Persistence
*Chunking Content (Brief Levels)*Repetition (Spacing)*Retrieval Practice (Challenges)*Frictionless Navigation
Players instinctively understand
Failure is essential in learning to WIN
Co
pyr
igh
t: N
inte
nd
o®
Su
pe
r M
ario
Bro
s.®
ON
LIN
E R
ETA
IL &
SO
CIA
L M
EDIA
Adult brains can process +/-7 items (chunks)of information at one time. (Miller, 1956)
Fixed Mindset Growth MindsetProfound life
lessons often
come to us
in the form of failure…
WHAT STUDENTS DON’T KNOW THEY DON’T KNOW
Based upon Mayer (2003) and Mayer & Moreno (2007)
Teaching Students Cognitive Load
Why Cramming Doesn’t Work
Working memory
Finite Capacity
(RAM)
Encoding/
RetrievalLong-term
memory
Infinite Capacity
(ROM)
Sensory memory
Attention/
Selection
Transient
+/- 7
Roediger III, H. L. and Andrew C. Butler (2011)
Studying: flashcards, reading,highlighting, taking notes
Testing: forces you to remember information on the spot
Retrieval “…creates coherent and integrated mental representations of complex concepts, the kind of deep learning necessary to
solve new problems and draw new inferences” (Karpicke 2016).
Spacing/InterleavingSpending time learning one “chunk”…pausing to learn a second “chunk” before
having mastered the first, then returning to the first, then moving to a third.
See also: “Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning” John Sweller (1988)
Memory Retention %
Ass
ess
/Le
arn Ass
ess
/Re
vie
w
Cognitive Load-balancing• Switching brain cells “on” (during
learning) and “off” again (during
breaks)
• Unconscious has time to internalize
the knowledge
• Repetition results in long-term
memories
• Opposite? Blocked practice:
mastering one thing before moving
to the next
Ass
ess
/Rev
iew
Ass
ess
/Rev
iew
Ass
ess
/Rev
iew
Failure in Test-taking
+ Brief Assessments
+ Repeated Attempts
+ Time Intervals
Highly Effective Learning
“Students who make unsuccessful attempts to answer test questions before receiving correct answers remember material better than if they studied the information.”
Richland, et al. (2009)
•CHunking Contentto encourage…
•Repetition•Practice Retrieval (RP)•Spacing/Interleaving
The Brain Science…Key Cognitive Principles Applied to Learning
See: Scholarship of Teaching & Learning
*CHUNKING CONTENTCompartmentalized experiences
*REPETITIONMultiple views/attempts
*PRACTICE RETRIEVALQuizzes: brief wins/losses
*SPACING/INTERLEAVINGModules w/ Outcomes
The
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“Explaining User Acceptance of Information Systems” (Praveena, K. & Sam Thomas, 2013)The
con
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• The “medium” is not the “message”
• Course design: simplistic, intuitive, predictable
• Every module, every course tracks identically
“FLOW” and “FRICTIONLESS” NAVIGATION
USER ACCEPTANCE/INFORMATION SYSTEMS CONTINUANCE THEORY Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use
Were McLuhan and Ong Wrong?
www.mnsu.edu/its/academic/isalt_social_presence_theory.pdf
More about Social Presence Theory:
SOCIAL PRESENCE THEORY: MULTIPLE, NON-VERBAL CUES
The degree to which a person is perceived as a ‘real person’ in mediated
communication… Gunawardena, 1995
The
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Establishing Closeness and Connection• Face = TrustBPCC instructors, not 3rd party participants• Authenticity/Imperfections
For gaming, see “The Effects of Avatar-based Customization on Player Identification”Selen Turkay and Charles Kinzer (2014)
Initial trust was found to be enhanced for websites employing photographs and video clips… Khalid Aldiri, et al. (2008)
elearningindustry.com/the-adult-learning-theory-andragogy-of-malcolm-knowles
ADULT LEARNING THEORY: ENCOURAGING SELF-EFFICACYO
pen
Cam
pu
s M
ob
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has
e 1
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rep
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po
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of
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U.S
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Perceived best use of time• 24/7 access: front-loaded learning
outcomesPractical, how-to demonstrations• Unlimited views: lectures/sequential
stepsImmediate feedback/just-in-time support• Immediate quiz responses
Based upon factors adult learners prefer…
The contents of BPCC Open Campus™ Mobile were developed under grant #P116F150084 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of
Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.
Open Campus™ Mobile-Responsive LMS Hybrid DesignDesktop: bpccopencampus.com – App: “bpcc open campus”
-Resizes for device: desktop, tablet, smartphone-Alternative Social Media sign-up-Simplified sign-up-Challenge opt-in-Slide bar navigation-Optional Pre-course assessment-Progress bar, completion icons, for self-evaluation-Nudges for Inactivity
Open Campus™ Mobile-Responsive LMS Hybrid DesignDesktop: bpccopencampus.com – App: “bpcc open campus”
The contents of BPCC Open Campus™ Mobile were developed under grant #P116F150084 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of
Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.
- Recommended Learning: Starred (pre-course assessment results)-Self-assess progress: Checks: successfully completed-Videos: <5 min.-10-item quizzes (pooled/randomized) -Flexibility for instructor adoption/expansion (show your work)-Challenges:“Swords Up”Cavalier meme
Open Campus™ Mobile-Responsive LMS HybridBadging & My Cavalier
Badges-Badges reflect successful quiz completion: 70% or better-Images are pieces of the Cavalier: cap, feather, cape, sword, boots, etc. (badges slightly more defined than here).-Colors correspond with course signature color.-Badge self-evaluation (grayed areas for what’s left to complete)-Upon course completion, course badge appears.
My Cavalier-Progress of badging reflects progress of individual badge icons.-Students successfully pass quizzes to get badges for each article of clothing/armor (cap, feather, boots, sword, etc.) to become a full Cavalier.-Cavalier self-evaluation: Grayed areas are wardrobe/badges yet to be earned.-Colors correspond to course signature color-Subtle encouragement to identify/connect with BPCC
The contents of BPCC Open Campus™ Mobile were developed under grant #P116F150084 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.
DEV ED PASSING RATESSPRING 2017 COHORT
*Giani Consulting LLC, Independent Evaluator’s Report2nd Annual FITW Grant Performance Report to the U.S. Dept. of Education (2017)
Results:Treatment students
5.9% more likelyto have passed…
English 0996.2% increase
Math 0984.3% increase
Math 0998.9% increase
*Giani Consulting LLC, Independent Evaluator’s Report3rd Annual FITW Grant Performance Report to the U.S. Dept. of Education (2018)
Results:Treatment students
5.4% more likelyto have passed…
English 099No Change
Math 0982.7% increase
Math 09912.4% increase
DEV ED PASSING RATESFALL 2017 COHORT
NEXT-SEMESTER PERSISTENCEBOTH COHORTS
*Giani Consulting LLC, Independent Evaluator’s Report3rd Annual FITW Grant Performance Report to the U.S. Dept. of Education (2018)
Longer Term Outcomes:
Students who received mobile apps 3.3% more
likely to persist to next semester
(significant difference for Engl)
IMPACT ON NEXT-SEMESTER GPABOTH COHORTS
*Giani Consulting LLC, Independent Evaluator’s Report3rd Annual FITW Grant Performance Report to the U.S. Dept. of Education (2018)
Longer Term Outcomes:
Mobile AppsAccess Positively
Impacted Students’ Likelihood of
Success in Subsequent
Courses
F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18
Math 099 56% 47% 48% 41% 40% 41% 42% 47%
Math 102 44% 53% 52% 59% 60% 61% 58% 53%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
8-Year, Diachronic Data: Math 102 vs.099 Enrollment
Broad Scale Campus Adoption in Place
Placement/Enrollment Rates
10% increase
Students’Cost Savings$250,000+
Credit Hours Saved1,500+
F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18
Passing 66% 67% 66% 73% 74% 72% 75% 71%
60%
62%
64%
66%
68%
70%
72%
74%
76%
Passing Linear (Passing)
Embedded Instructional Content directly into Math 102 coursework
8-Year, Diachronic Data: Math 102 Pass Rates
Pass Rates7% increase
Students’Cost Savings$250,000+
Credit Hours Saved1,500+
Embedded Instructional Content directly into Math 099 coursework
8-Year, Diachronic Data: Math 099 Pass Rates
Pass Rates5% increase
Students’Cost Savings$200,000+
Credit Hours Saved1,200+
F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18
Passing 63% 65% 64% 62% 69% 69% 71% 75%
60%
62%
64%
66%
68%
70%
72%
74%
76%
Passing Linear (Passing)
F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18
Passing 61% 65% 66% 62% 77% 70% 70% 71%
61%
65%
66%
62%
77%
70% 70%
71%
60%
62%
64%
66%
68%
70%
72%
74%
76%
78%
8-Year, Diachronic Data: Math 098 Pass Rates
Embedded Instructional Content directly into Math 098 coursework
Pass Rates6% increase
Students’Cost Savings$100,000+
Credit Hours Saved600+
SCALING OPEN CAMPUS™ ACROSS LA (2012-2019)
ACROSS LOUISIANA100+ INSTITUTIONS 200,000+ CONTACTS
Career Compass® High Schools
LCTCS Colleges
Universities
Public, Business, & Community
Middle/High Schools
U.S. SCALE & INSTITUTIONALIZED USE
Non-academic
Academic
• Washington State Prison System
• LA Juvenile Justice System
• LA Board of Regents: LOFSA
• Individual Use in 50 States
4.2 Million Viewing Minutes * 209 Countries/Territories
Statistically, every minute, every hour, every day, someone, somewherearound the world is watching a BPCC-branded,
Open Campus™ video lecture.
Placement Testing
College Enrollment
Course Completion
Program Completion
Mobile App Analytics+ Integrated Data Platform= 1st Contact to Completion
Scaling Up Tracking
Saved 4 Semesters
from Math 097 to Pre-Calfrom English 098 to English 101
Allison Haughton Martin [email protected]
@allimart BPCC Open Campus
youtube.com/user/bpccopencampus
THANKS FOR BEING HERE!
Desktop: bpccopencampus.comMobile App Search: “bpcc open campus”