LECETURE 7

Smart Machines

Part 1

Prof. Dr. YU GU

GU@chemie.uni-Frankfurt.de

Office Room: N160/517

WHAT IS

S.M.?

A smart machine is a deviceembedded with machine-to-machine (M2M) and/or cognitivecomputing technologies such asartificial intelligence (AI), which ituses to reason, problem-solve,make decisions and even,ultimately, take action.

Artificial intelligence (AI,also machine intelligence, MI)is intelligence demonstratedby machines, in contrast tothe natural intelligence (NI)displayed by humans and otheranimals.

Can Machines Think?

Alan Mathison Turing(23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954)

Turing is widely

considered to be

the father of AI.

Five senses of human

All the senses are veryimportant because humansact after receivinginformation from the outsideworld.

Correspondence between the biological system and the artificial

system in the process of reception and the following action

The sensors for simulatingthe senses of smell and tastehave been proposedrecently.

Why do we need to usesensors？

Sensor can surpass the ability of the five senses of humans in the following two ways:

• The first is that living organismsincluding human beings cannot live insevere conditions.

• The second concerns the limitedsensory range, depending on thespecies, of living organisms.

Humans can perceive thesequantities by using a sensorthat surpasses their abilities.

Sensor plays roles ofrecognition as well asreception. This is thedirection in whichdevelopment of intelligentsensors is moving.

Electronic sensing:

The expression "electronic sensing "

refers to the capability of reproducing

human senses using sensor arrays

and pattern recognition systems.

The Role of Aroma in Human Society and Commerce:

• The sense of smell has long played afundamental role in human developmentand biosocial interactions.

• The olfactory sense has become a keyelement in the development of manycommercial industries.

• Consumers quickly identify withindividual brands having unique scents.

Aroma Types and Characteristics

• Aromas in general are characterized byfour quantifiable qualitative dimensions:

• threshold,

• hedonic assessment

• intensity,

• quality.

Detection threshold :

The detection threshold value is

defined as the lowest concentration

of aromatic compounds at which

human subjects can detect the

existence of the aroma.

Intensity:

Intensity refers to the perceived strength of the aroma sensation, and increases as a function of concentration.

Quality:

Quality is usually expressed by the use of

descriptor types, or common-use words

that describe the aroma by associating it to

the aroma qualities of known substances;

and usually referring to aromas released

from plants or plant parts.

hedonic assessment

dimension :

The hedonic assessment dimension is

associated with the relative pleasantness

or unpleasantness of the aroma.

Examples of primary aroma categories proposed by Amoore in 1964.

Range of human detection thresholds for some common odorants in air.

Did you ever measure a smell? Can you tell whether one smell is just twice strong as another? Can you measure the difference between two kinds of smell and another?... If you are ambitious to find a new science, measure a smell.

—Alexander Graham Bell, 1914

Electronic nose(Odor Scanner)

An electronic nose is adevice intended todetect odors or flavors.

Electronic noses include three major parts:

• a sample delivery system,

• a detection system,

• a computing system.

THANK YOU!