Smart grids in Europe
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Transcript of Smart grids in Europe
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Smart grids in Europe
Marcelo MASERA
Energy Security Unit
Institute for Energy and Transport
Joint Research Centre
Support provided by Joint Research Centre (JRC)
STOA Workshop “Challenges arising from the large-scale deployment
of Smart Grids in Europe”
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The JRC - Institute for Energy and Transport
Smart Grid landscape
Smart Electricity Systems at JRC-IET
Smart Grid projects in Europe
Costs and benefits of smart grids
JRC Smart Grids Simulation Centre
Networking and cooperation
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The JRC inside the European Commission
3April 22, 2023
CommissionerMairé Geoghegan-Quinn
Research, Innovation & Science
PresidentJosé Manuel Barroso
27 Commission Members
DG Research & Innovation (RTD)Director-GeneralDominique Ristori
Joint Research Centre
Joint Research Centre
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• The Joint Research Centre (JRC) is the European Commission’s in-house science service.
• It provides the science for policy decisions, with a view to ensuring that the EU achieves its Europe 2020 goals for a productive economy as well as a safe, secure and sustainable future.
• The JRC plays a key role in the European Research Area and reinforces its multi-disciplinarity by networking extensively with leading scientific organisations in the Member States, Associated Countries and worldwide.
April 22, 2023 4
JRC - Who are weand what do we do?
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• 7 institutes in 5 countries: Italy, Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain
• 2,845 permanent and temporary staff in 2010
• 1,398 scientific publications in 2010• 125 instances of support to the EU policy-
maker annually• Budget: €356 million annually, plus €62
million earned income
Where you can find us
• Corporate Services – Brussels
• IRMM (Institute for Reference Materials and
Measurements) – Geel, Belgium
• ITU (Institute for Transuranium Elements) –
Karlsruhe, Germany and Ispra, Italy
• IET (Institute for Energy and Transport) –
Petten, The Netherlands and Ispra, Italy
• IPSC (Institute for the Protection and Security
of the Citizen) – Ispra, Italy
• IES (Institute for Environment and
Sustainability) – Ispra, Italy
• IHCP (Institute for Health and Consumer
Protection) – Ispra, Italy
• IPTS (Institute for Prospective Technological
Studies) – Seville, Spain
5April 22, 2023
JRC established in 1957
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The mission of the Joint Research Centre – Institute for Energy and Transport (IET) is to
provide support to Community policies and technology innovation related both:
• energy - to ensure sustainable, safe, secure and efficient energy production,
distribution and use and
• transport - to foster sustainable and efficient mobility in Europe.
Petten, The Netherlands
Ispra, Italy
JRC Institute for Energy and Transport
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STATIONARY
TRANSPORT
DeployClean
EnergyIncrease Energy
Efficiency
DeployAlternative
Fuels
Electrificationof
Transport
IncreaseVehicle
Efficiency
Modernisethe Grid
Techno-economic Modelling & Analysis
Experimental Activities
InteroperabilityInteroperability
ENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY DEMAND
JRC-IET priorities
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The JRC - Institute for Energy and Transport
Smart Grid landscape
Smart Electricity Systems at JRC-IET
Smart Grid projects in Europe
Costs and benefits of smart grids
JRC Smart Grids Simulation Centre
Networking and cooperation
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Power system – present
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Smart grid: (possible) future
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Source: EC Smart Grid Standardisation Reference Group
Smart grid: dimensions, domains and zones
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The JRC - Institute for Energy and Transport
Smart Grid landscape
Smart Electricity Systems at JRC-IET
Smart Grid projects in Europe
Costs and benefits of smart grids
JRC Smart Grids Simulation Centre
Networking and cooperation
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The Smart Electricity Systems team
performs independent scientific research
and acts as in-house scientific consultant
for EU policy-making actors, with focus on
the on-going transformations towards
smart electricity systems
Mission
http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Smart Electricity Systems
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POLITICAL
PHYSICAL
CYBER
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
A multi-layer problem
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POLITICAL
PHYSICAL
SCIENTIFIC
POLICY
SUPPORT
MODELLING, ANALYSES & EXPERIMENTS
DISSEMINATION COOPERATION
DATA GATHERING & PROCESSING
CYBER
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
The multi-layer approach ofSmart Electricity Systems
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The JRC - Institute for Energy and Transport
Smart Grid landscape
Smart Electricity Systems at JRC-IET
Smart Grid projects in Europe
Costs and benefits of smart grids
JRC Smart Grids Simulation Centre
Networking and cooperation
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Rising political attention on Smart Grids as a means to achieve EU energy
policy objectives. Need to unlock market investment potential.
EVRenewables
Smart Meters
Storage
Aggregators
Distributed Generation
Prosumers
Demand Response
Market
Background
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• Smart Grids projects:− Growing number: deployment, demonstration/pilots, R&D − Participants: Grid operators, service providers, R&D actors..− Wide scope: smart meters, super grid, integrated systems..
• No inventory of Smart Grid projects in Europe available in 2011:
− Limited sharing of project experiences and lessons learned
− Need to monitor the developments on the field
• JRC-DG ENER Reference Report “Smart Gridprojects in Europe: lessons learned andcurrent developments”
Background
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• Uneven distribution of investments across Europe. Most of investments in EU-15 Countries
• Over 5 billions of investments, but still at the beginning of the Smart Grid transition
• Uneven distribution of investments across Europe. Most of investments in EU-15 Countries
• Over 5 billions of investments, but still at the beginning of the Smart Grid transition
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Bulk of investment in a few countries
Smart grid investments
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The data collection and analysis continues – contact us!Smart Electricity Systems: http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Note: not all projects planned to start in 2011 answered yet to JRC survey
Starting date across stages of development
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Share of R&D, demo and deployment projects
• Deployment projects: greatest part of investment, main focus: Smart Meters roll-outs
• R&D and Demonstration projects: mostly small-medium scale (4.5 and 12 million € of average budget respectively), wider portfolio of technologies and applications
• Deployment projects: greatest part of investment, main focus: Smart Meters roll-outs
• R&D and Demonstration projects: mostly small-medium scale (4.5 and 12 million € of average budget respectively), wider portfolio of technologies and applications
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M€
Distribution System Operators (DSOs) are the main investors
Budget, leading organisation and development stage
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• Most of the DSO-led projects in RD&D are financed through public-private partnerships
• Funding comes mainly from EU Framework programmes (FP6 and FP7), national funds and regulatory funds
• Funding and incentives for RD&D are important for further progress in the development of Smart Grids
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
R&D Demonstration Deployment
Tariffs/Private
National/Regulated
EC
Funding by development stage (DSO-led projects)
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Smart Grids Knowledge Sharing Platform(JRC-EURELECTRIC joint initiative)
http://www.smartgridsprojects.eu/
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• JRC database to act as European repository of Smart Grid projects• New JRC online form available: http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/:
JRC inventory ofSmart Grid projects
JRC on-line form
JRC DB
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• JRC database to act as European repository of Smart Grid projects• New JRC online form available: http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/:
Send information on NEW PROJECTS or provide UPDATES!
JRC inventory ofSmart Grid projects
JRC on-line form
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JRC DB
Smart Grid Task ForceProjects DB
Projects
DB
EEGI – SETIS
Projects
DB
Other users
www.smartgridsprojects.euhttp://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu Visualisation platforms
Projects DB
One repository fordifferent users
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The JRC - Institute for Energy and Transport
Smart Grid landscape
Smart Electricity Systems at JRC-IET
Smart Grid projects in Europe
Costs and benefits of smart grids
JRC Smart Grids Simulation Centre
Networking and cooperation
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Policy context and impact
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• The JRC has defined an assessment
framework to provide guidance for
conducting cost benefit analyses of
Smart Grid projects and smart
metering deployment.
• This work draws on the existing
collaboration between the EC and
the US Department of Energy (DoE)
in the framework of the EU-US
Energy Council
CBA for smart meters/grids
Downloadable fromhttp://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu
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• The assessment framework is based
on the work performed by EPRI
(Electric Power Research Institute).
‒ Several modifications to fit the
European context have been
proposed.
• A European Smart Grid project from
the JRC inventory (InovGrid, led by
the Portuguese distributor EDP
Distribuição) has been used as a
case study to fine-tune and illustrate
the proposed assessment framework.
CBA for smart meters/grids
Guidelines for Cost Benefit Analysis ofSmart Grids
projects
Available soon onhttp://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu
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Quantifiable impacts
(Societal CBA)
Non-quantifiable impacts
(Qualitative impact analysis)
Merit deployment of the roll-out (contribution to policy goals, e.g. security of supply, RES integration)
CBA Externalities (e.g. employment, safety, environmental impacts)
KPI analysis
Qualitative descriptions / physical units
Economic Net Present Value (ENPV)
Economic internal rate of return (ERR)
B/C ratio
General assessment framework
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The JRC - Institute for Energy and Transport
Smart Grid landscape
Smart Electricity Systems at JRC-IET
Smart Grid projects in Europe
Costs and benefits of smart grids
JRC Smart Grids Simulation Centre
Networking and cooperation
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• JRC is permanent member of the Reference Group for smart grids standardisation: pressing need for smart grids component testing and integration evaluation
• JRC-US increased cooperation on e-mobility and smart grids through the interoperability centres: JRC priority
Smart Grids Simulation Centre
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Information and communication
technology
Ispra (IT)
Integrated Testing Centre
Pett
en (N
L)
Smart Grids Simulation Centre
Pett
en (N
L) Batteries, componentsand new materials
Ispr
a (IT
)Electric Vehicles
Ispr
a (IT
)
The centres research will include:• Electric vehicle performance, safety and energy efficiency• Vehicle battery safety, durability and charging time as well as performance under different environmental conditions• Vehicle-to-grid communication and compatibility
Interoperability lab
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Visualisation
Simulation GIS
HPC Display
Simulation
Real-time modules
Evaluation
Power components
ICT components
Mobile unit
Energy networks
data inventory
Eurostat, and others
JRCICT
networkemulation
Real world power
Installations-
Pilot cases
Manufacturers
ENTSOEENTSOG,
GCG
Power Companies
-Pilot cases
Simulator modules
Power modules
Other JRC-externalenergy models
Other JRC-external economic/
environmental models
Risk assessmentCost-benefitIndicators
Offline modules
Smart Grids Sim. Centre
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• Real time simulator and several
hardware equipment:
– First set bought 2010-11
– Plans for further modules
• Objective
– Ultra-fast Dynamic simulations of
power system behaviour
– Hardware-in-the-loop testing
(electric vehicles, batteries, …)
Smart Grids Simulation Centre
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• OBJECTIVE - Identification of ‘European critical infrastructure’
– Critical infrastructure whose disruption or destruction might have a
significant impact on at least 2 member states
• MAIN ASSUMPTIONS:
– The most critical infrastructure for a cyber-attack are the 400 kV substations
– A coordinated cyber-attack would aim at opening all switches at the
substation(s) busbars
• PROBLEM - classical contingency analysis tools do not analyse:
– consequences of failure (disconnection of overloaded lines and transformers)
– possible failure propagation (cascading effect)
– network reaction (primary reserve, load shedding,…)
Critical infrastructure protection
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Loading > 130% ?
Run load flow
Identify overloaded lines
Disconnect the most overloaded line
Disconnect attacked nodes
Evaluate lost load
yes
no
• Disconnection in steps of highly overloaded lines (I > 1.3 x Imax), until there is no congestion
• All generators contribute to load balancing (simulation of the primary reserve)
• No load shedding is implemented
• European criticality measured by lost load abroad
Simulation of cascading effects
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The JRC - Institute for Energy and Transport
Smart Grid landscape
Smart Electricity Systems at JRC-IET
Smart Grid projects in Europe
Costs and benefits of smart grids
JRC Smart Grids Simulation Centre
Networking and cooperation
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• Argonne Nat Lab: Smart Grid – Electric Vehicles interoperability
• Israel: smart grids/cities and e-mobility
• Mediterranean solar power integration (HELIOS, MEDGRID,..)
• US Department of Energy: smart grid assessment methodologies
• Universities/Research Centres: EERA, TU Delft, TU Eindhoven, RSE, PoliTO, PoliBA, …
• Industry: ENTSOE, EURELECTRIC, CIGRE, EDP, EDF, ENEL,…
• R&D projects: FP7 AFTER (power system vulnerability), IEE GridTech (transmission costs-benefits), FET SEEDS CS (agent-based models), FP7 ICT4SSG (ICT for smartgrids), NGI…
Networking and cooperation(selected examples)
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Smart Electricity Systemshttp://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Thank you for your attention