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Smart Grid & Electric Vehiclein Computer Scientists Perspectiveby Minho Shin, Myongji UniversityMinho ShinDept. of Computer Engineering, MJUJoined MJU in March, 2011Before: Dartmouth College, SamsungResearch AreaWireless Networks & SecurityMobile Computing & PrivacyProjectsVehicle to Vehicle Communication for ITSSmartphone PrivacyInteroperability of SG & EVHuman-centrilc Mobile Computing Lab (HMCL)http://hmcl.mju.ac.krInteroperability ProjectBuild interoperability certification systemBetween EV and ChargerBetween EV and SGGrant: 2.5 billion / 3 yrs from MKEParticipants: KTL, MJU (3p10s), PNEActivitiesStandard follow-upsBuilding EV-charging station testbed

Power Grid

Power GridOne-way power flowPower Grid

Power GridOne-way power flowUse or discard100EnergyWastePower Grid

Power GridOne-way power flowUse or discardOver-provisionEnergyWastePower Grid

Load forecasting modelPeak loadSupply= Peak load * 1.2Wasted EnergyOver-provision

SupplyUnexpected peak demandEmergency SupplyDetectionTurn on peaker plantsRescue in 10 minOver-provisionExpensiveInefficientLimitedSolution: match demand to supply

SupplySolution: match demand to supply

SupplyEffect of Demand ShiftingBenefitsSave 67 billion Euros in EuropeSave 130 billion dollars in USReduce CO2 emissionMassive investments on smart grid11 billion investments by ObamaUS DoE target: 20% reduction of peak demandHow? Smart meteringAdvanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)Realize real-time demand responselower peak load

EMSDemand informationDemand control messageSmartmeter

Go GreenRenewable Energy SourcesWind turbineSolar panelBy 2030, US target: 20%ButRenewable energy is intermittentHighly distributedWe needIntelligent power management strategy Smart control system

Smart Grid = Power Grid + AMI + Renewables +

Why Electric Vehicle?Electric VehicleCar run by electricity (or with gasoline)BenefitReduction of CO2 emission15% of CO2 by transportationDrivers CostReduce dependence on oil

Smart Grid = Grid + AMI + Renewable + EV

SystemOperatorHAN18EV Charing ProblemCan we feed EVs?Increase peak demand

EV-chargingEV Charging ProblemCan we feed EVs?Increase peak demandSolutionSmart Charging ScheduleTime-varying price

Thats it??

EV-chargingActive role of EV in Smart GridEVPower stored in batteryAvailable (parked) 90% of timeAggregated, highly reliable power resourceUse the stored power for Gridhelp balance power production/consumptionReal-time regulation serviceMake money

Grid

chargedischargeV2G market projection by 2020

V2G revenuesPeak powerSpinning reservesRegulation services

Smart Grid and Computer ScienceSmart Grid is a cyber-physical system

SenseProcess&DecisionActuateSmart Grid & Computer ScienceCS problemsReal-time data processingCommunication & NetworkingFault-tolerant system architectureInteroperabilitySecurity & PrivacyProgramming modelVisualizationetcSmart Grid & Computer ScienceCS problemsReal-time data processingCommunication & NetworkingFault-tolerant system architectureInteroperabilitySecurity & PrivacyProgramming modelVisualizationetcSmart Metering Communications

Neighborhood Mesh NetworkHome Area Network

Home Area NetworkIntegrate smart meter into home gateway20-30 home appliances are connected wirelessly, communicate with smart-meterCollectively perform energy consumption monitoring applicationNeighborhood Network Routing

Multi-channelWireless Mesh NetworkData aggregationvia Multiple GatewaysInteroperabilitySG = interconnection of different power generators, distribution networks, and consumersConnect them regardless of physical medium, manufacturer, device typesLikely that multiple comm. technologies coexist Devices: Bluetooth, UWBHome/local: Zigbee, WiFiMeter-Utility: 3G/4GStandardization effort for interoperability

SecurityStuxnet worm: targets only Siemens SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systemAttacker can control demand response mechanisminterrupt power supply to a large areacontrol the operation of home devicesAuthentication, Key exchange, Integrity, Confidentiality, Non-repudiation, PrivacyNIST: major benefit of S.G. is also its Achilles heel from a privacy view pointFrequent and accurate metering data collection poses privacy threat to consumersIdentify living pattern, real-time activity information, product preference, behaviorDemand profiling can reveal what appliances are being used at the momentDemand Profiling

Possible solutionsAnonymizationAggregationHomomorphismObfuscationNegotiationEnergy managementConclusionSmart Grid & Electric Vehicle is a major drive for future energy paradigmInterdisciplinary research areaInteroperability is a major challengeNew research/engineering topics and more jobs

Questions?