SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA - by Mr. S.R. Sethi, Senior Advisor UPES

Modes of Power GenerationPower Sector

Renewable energy sources ( ~10%)

Nuclear power (~3%)

Hydro Power (~22%)

Thermal Power(~65%)

Central Transmission Utilities and State

Transmission utilities

Distribution Channels

Commercial(8%)

Agriculture (22%)

Domestic (22%)

Industries (38%)

Others ( 10%)

Radioactive elements (Uranium, Thorium etc.)

Solar panels, Wind mills etc.

Users




Coal, Oil & Gas Water

Renewable energy sources

( ~10%)

Nuclear power (~3%)

Hydro Power

(~22%)Thermal Power

(~65%)

Commercial(8%)

Agriculture (22%)

Domestic (22%)

Industries (38%)

Others ( 10%)



Source of Power

Input Energy

Transmission Utilities

Radioactive elements (Uranium, Thorium)


Coal, Oil & Gas

Distribution Agencies

How does Electricity reaches our home?

Smart Grid

• Smart Grid facilitates efficient and reliable end-to-end intelligent two-way delivery system from source to sink as well as integration of renewable energy sources

• Smart grid will be able to coordinate the needs and capabilities of distribution utilities, end users and electricity market stakeholders in such a way

It can optimise asset utilization, resource optimization, control and operation

Reduction in losses, performance improvement

• It encompasses Integration of Power, Communication, intelligent devices , intelligent computing system for improved electrical infrastructure that serves consumers with reliability, quality & affordable price

• Helps both Utility and consumers to participate in the management of electricity sector inclding efficient utilization of assets – bringing efficiency and sustainability

Objective: Reduce consumer electricity bill with improved reliability & quality of supply with

consumer focus & participation.

Objective: Reduce consumer electricity bill with improved reliability & quality of supply with

consumer focus & participation.

Need of Smart Grid in Indian Context

Smart Grid : Attributes

6

Smart Generation- Renewable Integration

Green Energy Corridors

Growth in Electricity Generation

Renewable Installed Capacity 26137 MW as on 30th Nov. 2012, Source MNRE

State Existing Capacity (MW) Addition in 12th Plan (MW) Total capacity (MW)

Wind Solar Wind Solar Wind Solar

Tamil Nadu 6370 7 6000 3000 12370 3007

Karnataka 1783 6 3223 160 5006 166

A.P 392 92 5048 285 5440 377

Gujarat 2600 600 5083 1400 7683 2000

Maharashtra 2460 17 9016 905 11476 922

Rajasthan 2100 200 2000 3700 4100 3900

J&K - 2 12 102 12 104

Total 15705 924 30382 9552 46087 10476

Total 16628 39934 56563

Annual Wind Energy Generation Pattern During 2011

STF-SG 9

SMART GRID/CITY PROJECT IN PUDUCHERRY

Vision-Smart Grid/City

• Power distribution system incurring high AT&C losses (avg 27%)

• Lack of consumer participation in energy management

• Poor Power Quality

• No Demand Side Management & Demand Response

• Lack of Consumption Discipline

• Critical financial position of DISCOMS

• Low Penetration of Renewable Energy

• Increasing level of Green House Gas (GHG) emission

Background

Pilot Objective

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Smart Grid/City : Attributes

15

Implementation Strategy

Salient Features of AMI• Implementation of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) consisting of

Smart Meters, Data Concentrator Unit (DCU), In home Display unit, Communication network, Meter Data Acquisition System(MDAS), Meter Data Management (MDM) integrated on a single platform

Demonstration of indigenous capability in Clean Energy Development through AMI

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DCU

TMU

R-APDRP SCADA

ULDC SCADA

GIS Mapping

Marapallem Sub-Station

Head End

MDMS

PLMOMSOMS

110/11 kV- Underground

110/22 kV- Overhead

Smart Meters

Smart Grid Control Center

ULDC Control Center

Fibe

r Opti

c

Fibe

r Opti

c

Transformer Monitoring Unit (TMU)

Data Collector Unit (DCU)

FRTU

FPI

Transformer

Wireless

Billing

GIS Mapping

Puducherry Control Center at Chennai

Smart Grid Project – PuducherrySmart Grid Project – PuducherryFinal ArrangementFinal Arrangement

GIS Mapping

CommunicationCircuit Breaker

Smart Grid at Dehradun Campus

• First phase of Smart Grid has been implemented at our Dehradun Campus in collaboration with BSES Yamuna Power Limited

• The Phase - I of the project involves incorporation of Modular Integrated Distribution Automation System (MIDAS) which is automation of 11KV/415V distribution substation so as to remotely monitor health of the equipment and also locate the fault in 11 KV network

• It acquires various DT parameters, such as, oil level, oil & terminal temperature, fire alarm etc. concerned with monitoring of both the transformers and projects it in the form of graphs

• It is web based and can be monitored anytime anywhere in the world• It is just to showcase and knowledge our faculty and students on how a smart grid works

as the current system would be beneficial only in predicting the faults and Condition Monitoring of the substation, but, in the real world it predicts a fault prior to its occurrence and automatically informs the concerned person via sms

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Block Diagram of MIDAS

RS 232

RS 485

Meter

Distribution Transformer

RMU

GPRS Service

FRTU

DT Concentrator

RMU Concentrator

Client Service Terminals

Sensors•Oil temperature•Oil level•Terminal temperature•FPI•Fire Alarm•Door Sensor•Movement Sensor•SF6 Pressure

DG SETS

Single Line Diagram for Dehradun Campus

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Wind Power Generation Pattern in Rajasthan During 2011

Green Energy Corridor Report

• Large Capacity addition though renewable generation is envisaged in 12th Plan period

• Studies has been carried out by POWERGRID with demand projection in 12th Plan for Identification of transmission infrastructure for Renewable Capacity addition in 8 states: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, A.P, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh , Rajasthan and J&K

• Evolved Transmission system strengthening has been categorized into two parts

– Intra State Transmission strengthening in STU network

– Inter State Transmission strengthening in ISTS network

• Provision of Dynamic Reactive Compensation for dynamic voltage support

Issues in Large Scale Renewable Integration

• Intermittency

• Variability / Uncertainty

• Plants connected at remote/concentrated locations with weak transmission network

• Renewable plants providing lesser grid support during system disturbances/exigencies

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Mitigating Measures for Large Scale Renewable Integration

Flexible generation, Ancillary Services for supply-balancing

Technical Standard Requirements (Grid code, Connectivity standards, Real time

monitoring etc.)

Demand Side management, Demand Response and Storage for load balancing

Forecasting of Renewable generation & Forecasting of Demand

PMUs/WAMS on pooling stations and interconnection with centralized control

centre for real time information, monitoring and control

Policy and Regulatory advocacy for power-balance market and pricing mechanism

Renewable Energy Management Centers (REMC)

STF-SG 24

Envisaged Wind & Solar Capacity addition by 2030

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Resource Present(GW)

2016-17(12th plan)

(GW)

2021-22(13th Plan)

(GW)

2026-27(14th Plan)

(GW)

2030 (mid 15th plan)

(GW)Wind 17 47 97 148 164

Solar 0.92 9.45 20 30 35

170.94

47

10.37

97

20

148

30

164

35

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

GW

Present 2016-17 2021-22 2026-27 2030

Wind

Solar

Smart Transmission

UNIFIED REAL TIME DYNAMIC STATE MEASUREMENT (URTDSM)

Phasor Measurements Units (PMU)–Power System measured states (Voltage/Current & Angle) and not estimates (20 - 40 milliseconds)–Dynamic system conditions via High Resolution Data (25 – 50 samples/sec)–Ability to compare due to Time Synchronized/stamped data(GPS) viz. voltage, current, angle etc.

Wide Area Monitoring Systems(WAMS) with high bandwidth communication (OPGW)

High resolution, time synchronized data, useful for calculation and monitoring

–% damping (inter-area and local area oscillations)–Measured sensitivities, such as V/P, /P–Angle Difference (between buses)–Transmission loadability

State-of-the-Art Technology (Synchrophasors)

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PMU Placement

PDC at NLDC

PDC at Back up NLDC

URTDSM System Hierarchy

Super PDCs at five RLDCs

Master PDCs at SLDCs

PMU -1

Router

PMU- n PMU -1

Router

PMU- n

Remote Consoles at CEA (1)

Remote Consoles at RPC (5), UT(3),

States(5)

PMU -1

Router

PMU- n

PMUs located at IPPs across the Grid

PMUs located at State Sector Substations

PMUs located at Central Sector Substations

300 Smart Meters300 Smart Meters

Present Status of Pilot

5 DCUs5 DCUs

Smart Grid Control Centre (MDAS/MDM)

Smart Grid Control Centre (MDAS/MDM)

Consumer Participation through consumer portal

DETAILS OF REAL TIME ALARMS OF THE CONSUMER METERS

ACTIVE REAL TIME CONTROL OF SMART METERS

Benefits

• Reduction in AT&C losses (from present 22.6% to 8.6%)

• Reduction in CO2 emission to about 87000 tons/annum (avoidable

capacity : 14 MW)-Clean Energy Development

• Enabling Energy Audit

• Reduction in cost of billing

• Remote load control

• Shifting of peak requirement to non-peak time (peak shaving)

• Facilitate integration of large scale renewable generation towards

Clean Energy Development

SMART GRID CONTROL CENTER AT PUDUCHERRY

Salient Features of Pilot Micro Grid

Development of Pilot Micro Grid system to cater to requirements of 30-35 households (100 kW) through multiple Distributed Energy Resources (DER) viz. Solar PV Wind Generation Biomass plant Energy Storage Devices (Battery)

• Design & Development of Micro Grid Central controller (MGCC) to regulate generation and load (Source/Load control)

• Demonstration of indigenous capability in development of eco friendly Micro Grid, a scalable and replicable model

MICROGRID LAYOUT

A

C

B

U

S

A

C

B

U

S

BIOMASS PLANT

Charge ControllerBATTERY UNITS

Solar PV Gen

GRID

WIND Gen

AMI AMI

LOAD LOAD

FEEDER 1

AMI AMI

LOAD LOAD

FEEDER 2

MGCC

MGCC: Micro Grid Central Controller

AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure

LV

REAL LIFE SMART

HOME

Real Life Smart Home

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Demonstration of “REAL LIFE SMART HOME”

Energy Efficient Home

Reduction of 33 units by : Central systems and smart applications

Electric heat pump, nanotechnologies and smart applications (eg, membrane in air-conditioning ,unit), energy-efficient lighting, home

control network

Reduction of 28 units by : Building fabrics

Insulation of roof and walls with aerogel, active windows, double-shell building

Reduction of 7 units by : Appliances and electronics

Includes appliances and electronics with most advanced potential for reducing energy consumption: advanced washing machines,

refrigerators, and freezers; energy-efficient televisions; and other electronics

Reduction of 20 units by Distributed generation

Solar-photovoltaic systems, mini-combined heat and power, microwind

Source: Battle for the home of the future: How utilities can win by McKinsey

Energy Efficiency • India World’s Fourth Largest Consumer

of electricity after USA, China & Russia

• India’s energy intensity ( Energy input per unit of GDP) – 0.62 kgoe / US $ in 2012 ( world 0.31 in 2009)

• Reduction in 1 MW consumption leads to saving 9 to 10 Crore by the utility₹

• Energy Consumption in household and commercial building is approx. 35 %

• Energy efficiency in the household consumption & commercial building can bring revolutionary change in sector

• As an estimate efficient use of household appliances reduces Peak Demand by 1.2 to 2.5 kW / Household

Energy Efficiency and conservation measures – Reduce Energy Consumption and Facilitate Sustainable development. Energy Efficiency and conservation measures – Reduce Energy Consumption and Facilitate Sustainable development.

Energy Efficient Home

Average Power Saving Through Energy Efficiency per House hold

Summar WinterPeak Demand

Reduction ( watt)1217 2485

Reduction in Monthly Consumption (kWh)

266 199

Value of Saving per House holdAverage Tariff ₹ 4.00 / Unit

Monthly Saving₹ 1,063 ₹ 796

Annual Saving ( Winter 4 months & Summer 8

Months) ₹ 11,688Annual Air pollution reduction( tonnes of

CO2)2.60

Investment per house hold ₹ 35000/-

Payback Period ~ 3 years

For an Urban Area of 1 Crore Household: •Peak Demand Reduces by at least ~ 12000 MW

•Energy Consumption Reduces by ~ 30 BU / annum

•26 million tonnes of CO2 reduction per annum

•Reduction in Infrastructure Investment by ₹ 1 Lakh

Cr by Utility.

Wind Power Generation Pattern in Tamil Nadu During 2011

STF-SG 44

Typical Transmission Arrangement of RE Generation Farm with Grid

Steering Committee Meet 46

GRIDTECH 2013 - InvitationGRIDTECH 2013 - Invitation

Student’s Innovation Pavilion

136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144

Stall 136-144 reserved for Collaborators of Pilot Smart Grid/City project (Total Area- 200 sq mtr, Stall area- 20 Sqm each)

POWERGRIDSmart Grid/City Exhibition Area

Back WallEntry

Hall No. -9 LayoutHall No. -9 Layout

Insight into Consumer Usage in Puducherry

DISCOVERY in the Field

AlertReceived

RESOLUTION

DISCOVERY in the Field

RESOLUTION

Insight into Consumer Usage in Puducherry

AlertReceived

Thank You

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SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA - by Mr. S.R. Sethi, Senior Advisor UPES

Education

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