SMART GRID
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Transcript of SMART GRID
CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION TO A GRID PROBLEMS FACED BY TRADITIONAL GRID CHANGES MADE TO THE TRADITIONAL GRID SYSTEM SMART GRID ANALYSIS
Functions
Features
Smart house using smart devices
CRITERIA OF USING THIS SYSTEM PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN ADOPTING THIS IN INDIA CONCLUSION
GRID:
The term grid is used for an electricity system that may support all or some of the following four operations:
Electricity generation Electricity transmission Electricity distribution Electricity control
In India, there are four grids namely-
Northern grid North-eastern grid North-western grid Southern grid
Problems faced by Traditional Grid : Increase in demand for electricity Black outs Less efficiency( Average losses are 26% of total electricity
production ) Use of non-renewable sources of energy Power theft ( Total power theft amounted to about 30.56% every
year) Overloading of system components Lack of reactive power support and regulation services Low metering efficiency and bill collection
Example: Two severe blackouts seen by INDIA by
northern and eastern parts of the country,
The 30 July 2012 India blackout affected over 300 million people and was the then-largest power outage, counting number of people affected , beating the January 2001 India blackout
The 31 July 2012 India blackout was the largest power outage in history. The outage affected over 670million people, about 9% of the world population or half of India’s population, spread across 22 states in Northern India.
When do the demand peak in a Day? Depends on which time of year? There are two peaks:
Day: 11 am to 4 pm Evening: 7 pm to 11 pm
Evening peak is worst most of the year Homes/ shops add to late office hrs
Day peak can be bad in Summer months Air Conditioner is significant load
Systems involving Smart technology:
Smart infrastructure system:
i. Advanced electricity generation, delivery, and consumption; ii. Advanced information metering, monitoring, and management;
and iii. Advanced communication technologies
Smart management system:
Sub system in smart grid – provides advanced management and control.
Smart protection system:
Sub system in smart grid – provide advanced grid reliability analysis, failure protection, security and privacy protection services.
Equipment's & technologies introduced:
Some of the new systems depicted below,
SCADA( Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) Wide area monitoring systems(WAMS) Conductor/compression connector sensors and also sensors that can detect the faults in a
line Insulation contamination, leakage current sensor Electronic instrument transformer Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) Automated metering infrastructure(AMI)
“SMART GRID”“A smart grid delivers electricity
from suppliers to consumers using digital technology to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability.”
Centralized Generation
Transmission Network
Supplier Transactions
Inter-Connections
Distribution Network Meters &
Displays
Distributed Generation
Electric Vehicles
Loads and Appliances
Energy Efficiency
Micro-Generation
Consumer Behavior
CONSUMER DEMAND
Smart Grid
Smart Metering / AMI
Goals of smart technology:
Delivery optimization : Efficiency and reliability of the system and equipment are to be
improved for better power generation.
Demand optimization : To improve the power generation as per the demand of consumers
satisfaction and to give continues supply.
Asset optimization : To manage the health of system and machinery from catastrophic
failures( heavy loads on the transformer due climatic changes like in summer).
Functions : Self-healing from power disturbance events:
Automated capabilities to solve the problems like power outages, blackouts due to failure of a substation interconnected with other station leading to failure of the grid, power quality problems.
Enabling active consumer’s participation : Real-time two way communication availability will enable consumers to be compensated for
their efforts to save energy and to sell energy back grid.
Operating resiliently against attack: To avoid electric thefts using smart detectors.
Providing power quality and optimizing assets: Increasing power quality by reducing losses during generation and transmission, reduce
generation cost so that it reduces unit cost for consumer.
India Smart Grid Forum (ISGF), which is a non-profit voluntary consortium of public and private stakeholders, was launched on 26th May 2010.
Countries promoting smart grid:
Italy – telegestore, annual savings of 500 million euro compared to project cost of 2.1 billion euroAustralia – invested $100 millionCanada – energy conservation responsibility act, 2006China – 5 year plan, WAMSUnited states - energy independence and security act, 2007Republic of Korea – $65 million pilot programEuropean union - smart grid technology platform
Barriers :High investment in deployment of the method(it
requires companies to invest as a part with government to compensate the price).
Risk of security breachesHacking of smart meter data transmissionPotential malicious attacks
Differences created by Smart Grid from Traditional :
Traditional grid Smart gridMostly electromechanical Digital in nature
One way communication Two way communication
Centralized generation Distributed generation
No sensors Sensors are used
Failures and blackouts Adaptive and intelligent
Lack of control Robust control technology
Less energy efficient Energy efficient
Usually not possible to integrate Renewable energy
Possible to integrate renewable energy
Customers have less scope to modify uses
Customers can check uses and modify
CONCLUSIONIn developing countries like INDIA– creates more scope of technology standards improving electricity production, maintenance & reliability.
In the future smart grid will connect everyone to abundant, affordable, clean, efficient, and reliable electric power anytime, anywhere. It will offer the world the best and most secure electric services.