Smart (Daimler Ag)

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Smart (automobile)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For cars with artificial intelligence, seeIntelligent car.

This article'slead sectionmay not adequatelysummarizeits contents. Pleaseconsider expanding the lead toprovide an accessible overviewof the article's key

points. (January 2009)

smart

Type DivisionofDaimler AG

Industry Automotive

Founded 1994

Headquarters Bblingen,Germany

Products Microcars

Parent Daimler AG

Website www.smart.com
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Smart Fortwo

Smart Fortwo cabriolet

1993 eco-sprinter and eco-speedster concepts.

A Stack of Smart Cars inCanberra.
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Smart Crossblade

A Smart fortwo mhd cabrio (left) and aSmart fortwomhd coupe (right).

Smart[1]is an automotive branch ofDaimler AG. Smart is a German manufacturer ofmicrocarsproduced

inHambach, France, andBblingen, Germany. It is marketed as the "smart" in all lower-case, with the Smart

brand logo, as of 2010, denoting a letter "c" for "compact" and an arrow for "forward thinking".

Contents

[hide]

1 Origins

2 Company history

3 Models
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o 3.1 Production models

o 3.2 Concept and unproduced models

4 Electric versions

o

4.1 Smart ED 4.1.1 Competitors

o 4.2 Electric vehicle conversions

5 In Asia

o 5.1 Japan

o 5.2 China

o 5.3 Hong Kong

o 5.4 Indonesia

6 In North America

o 6.1 Canada

o 6.2 United States

o 6.3 Mexico

7 In South America

o 7.1 Argentina

8 Smart in Australia

9 Smart in Europe

o 9.1 United Kingdom

10 Safety

11 Modification

12 Notes

13 References

14 External links

[edit]Origins

In the late 1980s,SMH(makers of theSwatchbrand of watches) CEONicolas Hayekbegan developing anidea for a new car using the same type of manufacturing strategies and personalization features used to

popularizeSwatchwatches. He believed that the automotive industry had ignored a sector of potential

customers who wanted a small and stylish city car. This idea soon became known as the "Swatchmobile".

Hayek's private company Hayek Engineering AG began designing the new car for SMH, with seating for two

and ahybriddrivetrain.[2]
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While design of the car was proceeding, Hayek feared existing manufacturers would feel threatened by the

Swatchmobile. Thus, rather than directly competing, he preferred to cooperate with another company in the

automotive industry. This would also relieve SMH of the cost burden in setting up a distribution network. Hayek

approached several automotive manufacturers and on July 3, 1991 he reached an agreement

withVolkswagento share development of the new project.[3]

By 1993Ferdinand Pichhad become CEO of Volkswagen and he immediately sought to terminate the project

with SMH. Volkswagen had already been working on their own "three-litre car": a car which would consume

three litres of fuel per 100 km of driving (the eventualVolkswagen Lupo 3L). Volkswagen's own concept was

believed to be a better business proposition, featuring four seats and more cargo room.[4]

Hayek had suspected that Pich would seek to end the agreement with SMH upon his ascendancy to the CEO

position; therefore, he discreetly began approaching other car companies with the Swatchmobile project.

Rebuffed byBMW,Fiat,General MotorsandRenault, he finally reached an informal agreement withDaimler-

Benz AG, maker ofMercedes-Benzcars.[5]

A deal was announced on March 4, 1994, at a press conference at Mercedes-Benz headquarters

inStuttgartthat the companies would join forces in founding Micro Compact Car AG (MCC). 49% of the initial

capital of 50 millionSwiss francswere provided by SMH and the remaining 51% by Daimler-Benz. The

company consisted of two subsidiaries: MCC GmbH based inRenningen(a suburb of Stuttgart) which would

design the car, and the then-unnamed manufacturing plant. SMH Auto SA, owned by Hayek, would design a

hybrid electric drive system for the car, whileHayek Engineeringwould audit the design and manufacturing.[6]

The press conference also featured the debut of two concept cars: the eco-sprinterand eco-speedster, styled

by Mercedes-Benz's design studio in California.[7]The cars were similar to the eventualSmart City-Coup. No

mention was made of the fact that SMH had no input in the design of these concepts,[8]and they were badged

as Mercedes-Benzes.

By the end of April 1994 MCC had set up a head office inBiel,Switzerland.[9]

[edit]Company history

Three co-directors were immediately named to head the new company: designer and engineer Johann

Tomforde and financial administrator Christoph Baubin from Daimler-Benz, and marketing manager Hans Jrg

Schr, who spearheaded the original Swatch marketing campaigns in the mid-1980s. Tomforde had been

working on the Mercedes City Car (coincidentally abbreviated MCC) project at Daimler-Benz since 1990, which

produced the aforementioned eco-sprinterand eco-speedsterconcepts as well as the Vision-A concept, which

eventually became theMercedes-Benz A-Class.[10]

One of the first controversies at MCC was the name of the car itself. Nicolas Hayek insisted it retain 'Swatch' in

some way: "Swatchmobile", or "Swatch Car". Daimler-Benz refused, and pushed for a neutral name.[11]The
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org/wiki/Renaulthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Lupo#Lupo_3Lhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Pi%C3%ABchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen


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final name settled upon was Smart, anacronymthat had been previously used internally by MCC forSwatch

Mercedes Art.[12]

By May 1994 the co-directors had identified 74 potential sites for the assembly plant. The final site was

announced on December 20, 1994:Hambach,France.[13]The purpose-built factory quickly gained the nickname

"Smartville".

Tomforde devised a modular system of assembly for the car, insisting suppliers design and assemble, and

even install their own modules onto the final car, at the new plant using their own employees thus reducing the

cost overhead for the parent companies and divesting MCC of the financial and legal liabilities for those parts. It

also provided a fiscal framework whereby MCC could share the development costs with the suppliers, rather

than having to fund the entire project themselves.[14]MCC secured contracts with suppliers to design and

supply almost all parts of the car: seats byFaurecia, interiors byVDO, chassis and door modules

byMagna[disambiguation needed], door panels byDynamit Nobel, and suspension byKrupp.[15]

Despite offloading a substantial amount of the development on the suppliers MCC required more capital.

Recapitalization by Daimler-Benz increased their share of ownership in the company to 81%, leaving SMH with

only the remaining 19%.[16]

The assembly plant opened October 27, 1997, with a ceremonial ribbon-cutting by then-French

PresidentJacques ChiracandGerman ChancellorHelmut Kohl.[17]Introduction of the new Smart city-Coup

was planned for March, 1998, however dynamic instability of the prototypes prompted Daimler-Benz to

announce postponing the launch until October, 1998. Johann Tomforde was replaced as chief engineer by

Gerhard Fritz.[18]Fritz lowered the centre of gravity, widened the track, stiffened the suspension, changed the

steering, and added ballast weight to the front of the car in order to increase its stability in emergency

avoidance manoeuvres (notably the Swedish "moose test").[19]

The car launched successfully in nine European countries in October 1998, however the final design did not

fulfill Hayek's expectations. Hayek pushed for a hybrid drivetrain but the f inal product used a relatively

conventional gasoline engine. Shortly afterward Daimler-Benz bought out SMH's remaining stake in the

company.[20]MCC was now a wholly owned subsidiary of Daimler-Benz (which soon merged withChrysler

Corporationto become DaimlerChrysler). The office in Biel was shut down and operations were consolidated at

the MCC GmbH design centre in Germany. On January 1, 1999 MCC GmbH changed its name to MCC smart

GmbH,[21]and by 2000 it dropped the last vestiges of the association with SMH, becoming smart GmbH.[22]

The model line was eventually expanded to include theRoadsterand a rear-engine, rear-drive, four-door, four-

seatsuperminiaptly namedForfour(the original City-Coup was rechristened Fortwoto fit the new naming

scheme).
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The ambitious expansion did not increase profits at the company: indeed, smart GmbH lost nearly 4 billion

euros from 2003 to 2006.[23]Plans were enacted to increase the company's profitability and integrate its

operations with DaimlerChrysler.

In 2005 DaimlerChrysler decided against purchasing a 50% share in the DutchNedCarplant used to

manufacture the ForFour, ending its production. A planned SUV calledFormorewas terminated as the

assembly plant in Brazil was being fitted with machines, and production of theRoadsterwas discontinued. In

2006, after dwindling sales and heavy financial losses, Smart GmbH was liquidated and its operations were

absorbed by DaimlerChrysler directly.

Smart now operates under the Mercedes-Benz Cars division ofDaimler AG, offering the Fortwo as its only

product.

[edit]Models

Apart from the original shortSmart Fortwo, a sportySmart Roadster, a limited production of 2000 erstwhile

conceptSmart Crossbladeand asuperminiSmart Forfourwere also offered. These have now been

discontinued. There were also plans to introduce the French madecross-overbased on the body of the

ForFour and theAWDhardware of the Mercedes C-class with the name ofFormorebut industrialization of this

was cancelled at the 11th hour (even as tooling was being installed in the assembly plant) due to unfavourable

exchange rate swings and spending cutbacks driven by losses elsewhere within Smart.

[edit]Production models

Production Model Picture

19982000 Smart City-Coup & City-Cabrio* (*from 2000)

2002 Smart Crossblade
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NedCarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NedCarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NedCarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Formorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Formorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Formorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Roadsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Roadsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Roadsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Roadsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Roadsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Roadsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_Crossblade&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_Crossblade&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_Crossblade&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermini_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermini_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Forfourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Forfourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Forfourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Formorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Formorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Formorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Smart_crossblade1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Smart-1st-Generation.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Smart_crossblade1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Smart-1st-Generation.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Formorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Forfourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermini_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_Crossblade&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Roadsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Roadsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Formorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NedCarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-22


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20012007 Smart City-Coup & City-Cabrio (renamed Fortwo in 2004)

20012004 Smart K(Japanonly)

20032005 Smart Roadster

20042006 Smart Forfour

2008present Smart Fortwo

2008present (in limited trials[24]

) Smart Fortwo ED(formerly known as EV)

[edit]Concept and unproduced models

Crosstown

Tridion 4

Formore

ForSpeed

ForVision

[edit]Electric versions
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[edit]Smart ED

Main article:Smart ED

Anelectric, rechargeable version is being released in the UK as aleasevehicle on a limited basis. At the Smart

Car Brooklands event in July 2008, a Smart EV was on display within "MercedesWorld" and a representativestated that the car would be for sale in the UK in 2010. Daimler will start the production of the electric Smart

equipped withlithium-ionbatteries in 2009 and production will ramp up to mass production by 2012.[25]ASmart

Forfourhas been converted into aplug-in hybridbyLithium Technology CorporationandZytekSystems.

Thelithium-ion batterycan propel the vehicle up to 84 miles per hour (135 km/h) and last on its own for up to 20

miles (32 km). The engine is a combination of a 68-horsepower (51 kW), 1.5-liter (92 cu in), 3-cylinder turbo

charged diesel engine and two high-efficiencypermanent-magnet electric motors. It was awarded by

theEnergy Saving Trustfor the Ultra Low Carbon Car Challenge project.[26]

Daimler AG andRWEAG have launched the world's largest joint project for environmentally friendly electric

cars. Daimler will provide more than 100 electric cars from Mercedes-Benz and Smart as well as the vehicle

service.The new generation of Smart ED (electric drive) and electric-battery driven vehicles from Mercedes-

Benz will come in use within the "e-mobility Berlin" project. RWE is handling the development, installation and

operation of the charging infrastructure". The new project is also benefiting from the experience gained by

Daimler during the current pilot project involving electro-mobility in London. Since last year, there has been a

test fleet of first-generationSmart Fortwo edcars . The start ofserial productionof battery-powered vehicles by

Mercedes-Benz and Smart is in 2010.[27]

Smart ED is going to be sold in the European Union in 2010-07-01.[citation needed][28]

[edit]Competitors

Toyota iQ.

Volkswagen Chico. VW is fast-tracking development of anaffordablenew two-seat city car. VW can use in

the electric vehicle, battery technology fromToshiba.[29]

[edit]Electric vehicle conversions

Main article:Electric vehicle conversion

eSmartis a Smart Fortwo electric conversion. It has a 40 km range withAGMbatteries (100 km withLi-ionbatteries)

[edit]In Asia

[edit]Japan
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_EDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_EDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_EDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Forfourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Forfourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Forfourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Forfourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithium_Technology_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithium_Technology_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithium_Technology_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zytekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zytekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zytekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent-magnet_electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent-magnet_electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent-magnet_electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Saving_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Saving_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Saving_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mobility_Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mobility_Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mobility_Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwo_edhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwo_edhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwo_edhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_iQhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_iQhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Chicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Chicohttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affordablehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affordablehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affordablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshibahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshibahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehicle_conversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehicle_conversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehicle_conversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESmarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESmarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbent_glass_mathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbent_glass_mathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbent_glass_mathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.p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Older Smart cars equipped with engine sizes smaller than 660 cubic centimetres (40 cu in) fit into theKei

carcategory of cars inJapan, and are eligible for a range of lower taxes. However, recent models with a larger

engine do not meet the Kei qualifications. Because of high taxation on older cars in Japan, many older used

Smart cars are exported to other countries withright-hand drive, likeGreat BritainandSouth Africa. An official

version of theSmart Fortwocalled the 'Smart K' has been released to fit theKei carcategory. English

musicianSteve Appletonis featured in a Smart TV commercial, running inJapanduring 2010.

[edit]China

Smart was shown in April 2008 at theBeijing Auto Show2008. Smart Fortwo started the pre-sales in October

2008 and theSmart vending machineroad show in 12 cities from October 2008 to February 2009.

[edit]Hong Kong

Smart is available inHong Kongwith authorized dealer,Zung Fu Motors.[30]

[edit]Indonesia

Since 29 November 2010,Smart Fortwocars are available inIndonesiawith PT. Mercedes-Benz Indonesia

(MBI) as the authorized dealer. Currently, MBI offers three models: Pure Coupe, Passion Coupe, and Passion

Cabriolet, and can be purchased inJakartaandBali.[31]Indonesia is also the first country inSoutheast Asiato

have theSmart Electric Drive, which has been lent to the Government of DKI Jakarta for a one-year period and

can be extended for further indefinite period by a signed agreement between PT. Mercedes-Benz Indonesia,

PT. Siemens Indonesia, and the Government of DKI Jakarta. The Smart ED will then serve as a pilot project to

prove the effectivity of zero-emission car usage that can utilize alternative sources of energy.[32][33]

[edit]In North America

[edit]Canada

TheSmart Fortwo

Thesmart fortwowas introduced inCanadain late 2004 and was sold throughMercedes-Benzdealers.

Demand was initially heavy with up to 6-month waiting lists in major urban areas in the spring of 2005. The

vehicle has been especially popular for commuters, small car fanatics, people needing light delivery and
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mart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_EDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_(automobile)#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zung_Fu_Motors&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_vending_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Auto_Showhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_(automobile)&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Appleton_(musician)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kei_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Fortwohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kei_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kei_car


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service vehicles, with many carrying custom paint jobs or stick-on graphics boldly advertising an associated

business or service. However, the demand relaxed slightly in the second year on the market, and a very tight

supply of remaining 2006 model 450 cdis made 2007 sales appear to be a relatively weak. However, sales

rebounded strongly once the new 451 started arriving. Canadian smart cdis cannot be registered in some

states in the US, though at least 20 are known to be there.

10,239 smart fortwo cdis had been sold in Canada by the first month of 2008. Just before the Type 450 ended

production (after which the production had equaled 770,256 cars) Mercedes-Benz Canada built-up stock of

cdis to tide dealers over until the successor model 451 arrived at the end of 2007.

The Canadian version of the Type 450 smart fortwo cdi sold to 915 customers over three months in 2004; 4080

were sold in 2005; and 3023 in 2006. Virtually all the deliveries in 2004 and many of the deliveries in 2005 were

to long-time smart fans who had been waiting for their car for years, which largely accounts for the higher

numbers. Through 2007, sales totalled about 2200, with the last few cars being sold in the first month of 2008,

when the new Type 451 was already on sale. The smart's strongest sales performance ever in Canada was in

April 2007, when more than 500 units were sold. Sales are strongest (per capita) in Western Canada, with

Vancouver Island and Vancouver being especially hot markets for smart.

The 2008-2011 (North America) smart fortwo Type 451 was totally redesigned, with a 70 HP naturally aspirated

Mitsubishi-sourced gasoline engine of 999 cc for North America, up from the 799 cc cdi diesel, with the

attendant loss of fuel economy. smart decided not to import the cdi version of the 451, now with 55 DIN HP,

although this decision has led to criticism that the new smart does not get the fuel economy that many would

expect from such a small car. The 799 cc, far more fuel efficient diesel is sold in Europe and some other World

markets.

The BRABUS Tailor-Made program is not well advertised in Canada, but no less than 15 Tailor-Made cars

have been produced to Canadian specification. These vehicles are sent to the BRABUS factory in Bottrop,

Germany, where the standard ex-works cars are stripped to the shell and repainted/retrimmed to suit individual

customers' tastes. The first four are the BRABUS Canada 1; three in bright red (including the tridion, two

cabriolets and one coup) and one in all white (a cabriolet). Aside from the special paint, all had every

BRABUS part fitted to the body and interior, and the seats, door panels and dashboards were trimmed in black

Nappa leather and Alcantara. Three of these cars are in British Columbia and #1-of-1, the Concept vehicle

used at Canadian International Auto Shows (a red cabrio with silver alloys), is now in London, Ontario. The

next BRABUS Tailor-Made Canadian car was a one-off all orange 451 made for a customer in Vancouver. The

other ten were all ordered by Mercedes-Benz Canada as the special "edit10n" of the Canadian BRABUS 451

(with only 70 HP), painted in metallic dark grey with an orange Nappe leather interior.

In 2009 theGovernment of Canadaacquired the European Smart mhd (micro hybrid drive) through partnership

with Mercedes-Benz Canada. The project was administered by theecoTECHNOLOGY for Vehicles(eTV)
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program withinTransport Canada. Goals were to identify the benefits of the start-stop system equipped on the

vehicle and how to accelerate the penetration of this technology throughout Canada. See Smart mhdTest

Results Report.

[edit]United States

Smart Fortwo (2nd generation)parked in downtownWashington, D.C.

Before 2008, Smart cars were only available in the United States as "grey market" imports, such asZAP. U.S.

federal regulations allow certain grey market importing in large quantities provided the vehicles are modified

and tested to conform to U.S. safety and emissions regulations. Smart cars were imported into the United

States by "The Defiance Company LLC", modified by G&K Automotive Conversion inSanta Ana, California,

and distributed and sold by independent dealerships which were not affiliated with Mercedes. U.S. regulations

did not permit the purchase and import of used Smart CDi vehicles from Canada, as the diesel powered

Canadian Smarts did not meet American emissions regulations.

In June 2006, DaimlerChrysler confirmed that Smart would be officially launched in the United States in the first

quarter of 2008. The cars are offered through a dealership holding companyPenske Automotive Group, which

created a new U.S. dealership network for the brand under the name Smart USA.[34]Initially, an updated

gasoline poweredFortwowas offered, starting around US$12,000.[35]The new model made its debut at

European auto shows in November 2006.

"Hybrid Technologies" plans to sell an electric version of the Smart vehicle in the U.S. starting atUS$35,000. It

is being called ahybrid careven though the vehicle is all-electric. The electric Smart car will have a range of

120 to 150 miles (190240 km), a top speed of 80 mph (130 km/h), and charge in 5 to 6 hours using a

standard 120 V AC outlet. An electric Smart is currently undergoing testing in the UK and will only be offered to

commercial clients as a trial for the time being.[36][37]The electric model is scheduled for a U.S. release for the

2012 model year with some test market cars surfacing in 4th quarter 2010.

A Forbesarticle has been critical of the stated reasons that Daimler-Chrysler gave for introducing the car in the

United States.[38]The Smart fortwo is the most fuel-efficient gasoline-engined car for sale in the US; however,

according to the EPA, the Smart's fuel efficiency is lower than the fuel efficiency of some hybrids such as
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theFord Fusion, theToyota Prius, theHonda Civic Hybrid, and the 2-seatHonda Insight(making it the fourth

most fuel efficient vehicle in the U.S.), which achieve 41/36, 51/48, 40/43, and 40/43 respectively while the

Smart achieves 33 city and 41 highway, though the Smart fortwo, which is not a hybrid, costs about half as

much as a hybrid in the US.

The unique design of the Smart has received much attention in the U.S. In its April 2008 issue,Men's

Vogueraised the question, "in a nation where your supersized car is your castle, is the Smart too mini for a

man?".[39]

To obtain a Smart originally required obtaining a "reservation" costing $99 through a dealer or over the internet.

The waiting time in January 2009 was approximately 12 months; however, as of July 2009 there was no wait to

obtain a vehicle and dealers have them in stock for immediate delivery.

On January 25, 2010, Smart USA began its first lease program in the US market for smart fortwo

models.

[40]

The program was scheduled to last through February 28, 2010, but has been extended indefinitelydespite lack of leasing sales.

Smart USA has appointed its first dealer in Puerto Rico. The new dealer is located in San Juan, Puerto Rico

and is part of the Penske Automotive Group. It is also a part of Triangle Automotive Group, an automotive

retailer in Puerto Rico.[41]

Penske Automotive Group announced plans February 14, 2011, to relinquish distribution of the smart fortwo

under smart USA, to Mercedes-Benz USA.[42]In 2011, smart USA offers four versions of their fortwo model.

These models include the following: cabriolet, the high-cost convertible version; passion, the mid-cost

moonroof version; pure, the low-cost basic version; and electric drive, the electric version.[43]

On July 1, 2011, Mercedes-Benz USA took over the distribution, sales and marketing of the Smart brand from

Penske Automotive Group. Smart is owned and produced by Mercedes' parent, Daimler AG.

[edit]Mexico

Smart offers the hardtop and convertible models of theFortwocoup in Mexico.[44]

The Smart cars were first introduced to the country in 2003, and were sold in department

storesSanbornsandLiverpool. Later Mercedes Benz dealers started to offer the car, which although very

attractive to the public was considered very expensive and was seen as a toy car only for young people. [citation

needed]

Currently Smart cars are still offered in the country but with little acceptance, with only the Fortwo model

available.
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Smart cars have fierce competition with theHyundai Atos,Pontiac Matiz, andChevrolet Chevy, which are

compacts with low gas consumption at less than half the cost of a Smart Car but with more space for

passengers.

[edit]In South America

[edit]Argentina

In South America Smart can be found in two countries:Argentina[45]andBrazil. In Argentina Smart is for sale

since 2010 and models (Fortwo Cabrio and Fortwo Coup) can be bought in "Smart Centers" located in trendy

spots ofBuenos AireslikePuerto Maderoneighbourhood. Although Smart cars can be good options in the

crowded streets and avenues of Buenos Aires city, the price is considered high (from u$s 24.000) in

comparison to other small cars which are made in Argentina. However, sales are expected to be successful.

[edit]Smart in Australia

Since 2003 Smart has been for sale in Australia. All Smart models that have been produced have been sold in

Australia. The Smart is currently sold through Mercedes-Benz Dealerships. Recently Smart has become

popular among young people in urban areas of Australia, particularly in its largest cities. Mercedes-Benz

Dealerships around Australia as of 2003 are only offering Smart vehicles in the "Pulse" mid-range trim, thus the

"Passion", "Brabus Xclusive" and other trims are not available as yet, until further notice or changes.

[edit]Smart in Europe

[edit]United Kingdom

Launched in theUnited Kingdomin 2000, Smart has seen the number of dedicated fans and owners grow year

after year.

The current range features theSmart Fortwoconvertible, and Smart Fortwo coup. Most popular amongst

those living in cities, smart is available in the UK throughMercedes-Benzretailers.

As a result the UK is host to a number of annual smart car events, both official and unofficial, including the

largest one-day gathering of smart cars in the world. Smart Festival is held annually at Mercedes-Benz World in

Weybridge, near historicBrooklands- the worlds first purpose-built motor racing circuit.

TheSmart Fortwo edis currently going through user trials in the UK, and will go on general release in 2012.

[edit]Safety
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Cutawayshowing structure of the Smart

Smart vehicles use a very small frontcrumple zone. The new Smart Fortwo has been awarded 4 out of 5 stars

in theEuro NCAPAdult Occupant Protection and 2 out of 4 stars in the Pedestrian protection test, but was not

tested for Child Occupant Protection as it has no rear seats.[46]The original Smart was awarded 3 out of 5 stars

for Adult Occupant Protection.[47]In American tests using a five star rating, Smart cars received a four star

safety rating for the driver from a front impact, and a five star safety rating for the driver for a side impact.[48]It

also received "Good" ratings (top rating) for front and side crash protection in Insurance Institute for Highway

Safety (IIHS) tests.[49]However, in an April 2009 40 mph frontal offset crash test between a Fortwo and a

Mercedes C class, "the Smart went air- borne and turned around 450 degrees" causing "extensive intrusion

into the space around the dummy from head to feet". The IIHS rated the Smart Fortwo "Poor," noting that

"Multiple injuries, including to the head, would be likely for a real-world driver of a Smart in a similar

collision."[50]

The main structure of the car is a stiff structure called a Tridion Safety Cell, which is designed to activate thecrumple zones of a colliding vehicle. This design creates a "very strong safety cell" around the passengers,

according to the manufacturer.[51]

[edit]Modification

Smart cars have been modified byBrabusof Germany, resulting in Brabus production models. Other

companies modify the Smart to use motorcycle engines, such as theSuzuki Hayabusa1340 cc inline four-

cylinder. These cars are known as Smartuki.[52]The most powerful models can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (0

to 100 km/h) in less than 3.5 seconds.[53]The original car was fitted with a mildly tuned engine and ran 0-

60 mph in 4.5 seconds, 1/4 mile standing start in 12.4 seconds and a top speed of 132 mph (212 km/h). It is

possible to push the GSXR engine further; nitrous Oxide will add another 50 bhp (37 kW; 51 PS) - 80 bhp

(60 kW; 81 PS) and there is a turbocharged option.[54]

Some companies and individuals upgrade the original engine to Brabus spec, but these have been taken even

further by some with many aftermarket upgrade options available.
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