Smart coordinated management of electricity in flexible ...€¦ · –Uber like models...
Transcript of Smart coordinated management of electricity in flexible ...€¦ · –Uber like models...
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
Smart coordinated management of electricity in flexible buildings and the
distribution network
Zagreb Energy Congress 2017
Zagreb, 15th December 2017
Tomislav Capuder
University of Zagreb Faculty of electrical engineering and computing
2
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
What are the goals?
• Reducing carbon consumption
• Developing renewable sources
• Empowering consumers
• Boosting growth and jobs (green)
3
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
ICT
?
How do we achieve these goals?
• Integrating high performance
RES
• Smart homes
• Resilient, secure and smart
energy system (ICT)
• Efficient energy system in
buildings and industry
• Efficiency transport
(batteries)
• CCS...
• Are we doing it the right
way?
4
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
Each action results in a reaction
• Energy systems – the most complex
technical systems in the world,
• The most dynamic market and the
most resistant system when it comes
to regulatory/policy changes,
• Adjustments – regulating a
deregulated environment?
• The focus should be on:
– Extracting multiple, system level,
benefits
– Acting and reacting on time
– Efficient utilization of all available
solutions/technologies
Text
Text
SY
ST
EM
PLA
NN
ING
REGULATRY
ACTIONS,
POLICY REVISIONS
OP
ER
AT
ION
AL P
LA
NN
ING
OF T
HE
SY
ST
EM
REAL-TIMESYSTEM
OPERATION
ENERGY SYSTEM"LIFE CYCLE"
5
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
• Interaction of multiple
energy infrastructures–
electricity, gas, heat,
cooling, water, transport…
• Coordination and efficient
usage of known
technologies to gain
highest benefits
– Power to gas, power to
heat
5
EH
GB
Heat
Gas/Fossil fuel
Electricity
Energy flow
BSS Battery Storage System
EH Electric heating unit
CHP Combined heat and power unit
GB Gas boiler
PHEV/EV Plug-in hybrid electric
vehicle/Electric vehicle
TS Thermal storage
Controler
CHP
BSS
COAL
Hydrogen
SCO2
TS
• What multiple benefits can we gain by doing this
– Cut down operational costs by up to 50%
– Cut down CO2 emissions by up to 40%
– Cut down primary energy usage by up to 40%
It is not just about the electricity
6
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
• Just adding RES
– More reserve – expensive
– More CO2 emissions – why did we do it?
• Multiple benefits approach - Liberalizing market, establishing new
services, enabling new entities market access
– Less reserve (example Germany),
– Less CO2 emissions (goals achieved),
– Lower primary energy consumption.
6
We cannot just add renewables
7
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
• Concepts and technologies
– Smart prosumers – 50% of electricity produced locally
– Energy communities
– Uber like models
• microgrids, virtual power plants, V2G
– Storage technologies
• Batteries, MES, EV
7
However…..its about the entire system and not ONLY consumers
• Old and new market and system entities
– System operators
– Regulators
– Suppliers/retailers
– Aggregators
– Smart, independent prosumers
Active consumers are the future
8
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
8
Prosumers – a step beyond retrofitting
• Multiple benefits come from smart management of
energy:
– All energy needs (electricity, cooling/heating, transport),
– Both production and consumption,
– Prosumers – energy systems
• ICT and data/information are essential,
• The key is: what do we do with the data!
– Why don’t we recognize prosumers in our legislation?
9
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
• Projec 3Smart
• Budget: 3 791 343 €
• Duration: 2017-2019
Modular control
10
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
• Buildings – static objects?
• Labelled according to kWh/m2/year consumption
– likewise it is estimated the amount of energy saved by building
renovation, or
– the amount gained with renewable energy setup on the building
• What happens with the building hour to hour, minute to minute?
• Buildings are an orchestra of many individual technical systems
– in buildings without coordination all those systems are simply
reactive to local variables or time-programmed
• e.g., heating in the zone is on/off when thresholds are reached
• batteries are filled in the night and discharged during the day
the shape of energy exchange with utility grids is
coincidental and non-controllable
Smart Buildings
11
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
• Many such non-controllable buildings coincidentally produce large
peaks and sags of energy consumption on the grid
– peaks result in higher losses in the grid and may overload the grid
equipment
– high variance of energy consumption makes it difficult to assure
proper supply conditions (voltage)
– distributed generation may induce overvoltage
increased expenses for the grid, reluctance to renewable energy
integration
Smart Buildings
12
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
What if?
• ...if we can orchestrate the building subsystems
– such that energy consumption is reduced and energy
exchange with the grids becomes controllable while
the comfort remains intact
13
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
Example 1 – Sunny day during heating
• No coordination: The room is heated up simultaneously with warmer,
sunny day -> overheating effect -> discomfort occurs
non-necessarily spent heating energy
• With coordination: Predictive controller reduces/stops heating well
before the sunshine event and remains permanently within comfort
temperature bounds
well exploited free energy from the Sun
14
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
Example 2 – Peak consumption
• No coordination: Cooling is turned on at 7:00 in the morning, cooling
elements in all zones start at the same time and produce a huge peak
power consumption -> unfavorable from the perspective of the
distribution grid
high power peak can significantly increase energy costs for the
building
• With coordination: Cooling elements in zones are synchronized in
energy draw such that power peaking is avoided
power peaking kept under the prescribed limit
15
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
• Relies on the existing hardware
low hardware investment costs
• Coordination as a service
switchable on-off via software
• The service is modular – separate
modules for different building levels
• Mutually coordinated in any
configuration
Smart Building Approach
16
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
– Modularity of the coordination service• Separate modules for different building levels
• Mutually coordinated in any configuration
Multiple level controllability
17
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
• 38 fully controllable zones
• Desktop application • Mobile application
Functional prototype on FER
18
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
What if...
• ...if the building can receivedifferent energy price signals overdifferent time periods of consumption from the energy market:
– ... and the building through the coordination mechanism adapts to these prices by selecting/optimizing its energy exchange profile that keeps the comfort intact and has the lowest cost
• ...and in this way by summing up many buildings the grid reshapes its load profile
– ... and reduces energy losses while increases its equipment lifetime
19
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
Grid-building coordination
• Coordination within the building, within the grid and between the
building and the grid is technically possible
• ...how we do it?
– Predictive control and mathematical optimizations
– Exploiting their naturally featured market-based mechanisms for
correlating prices and consumptions
• ...but can we make it economically viable?
– If we can easily impose coordination over the existing systems in
their variety, yes! needed energy management tool adaptable to
different building configurations
• ...are we allowed to do it?
– If we can align with regulatory framework and remove barriers
need to influence the regulatory framework on technically sound
basis
20
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
• Operator - Security, reliability, resiliency, independency
• Challenge - Services and communication with new prosumers – How? When?
Why? With who?
• Aggregator - New entity, serves as a connection of system and prosumers, BRP
Benefits of coordination
Energy Market
System operator
Supplier/Retailer
Independent Aggregator
Single intra-day price• IB + utilization for ID, TC
Single day-ahead price signal• DA + availability for ID, TC
OPTIMIZATION PLATFORM• Investment driven - ID (€/kW, €/kWh,€/kVAr, €/kVArh)• Technical constr. - TC (€/kW, €/kWh,€/kVAr, €/kVArh)• Energy price – DA (€/kWh, €/kVArh)• Intra-day balancing – IB (€/kW, €/kWh,€/kVAr, €/kVArh)
Aggregated flexibility providers (storage)
Cost curves
DA schedule
Corrected ID sched.
Service requ
irem
ents
Co
stsIn
tra-d
ay resched
uling
Energy co
stIn
tra-d
ay balancin
gA
ncillary service market
• Benefits:
– Prosumers (higher profit, lower consumption),
– The operator – lower grid losses,
– The system – less reserve, less CO2 emissions
3 Smart - Smart buildings for Smart Grids for Smart Cities
21
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
Active
consumers
Supplier
DSO
Power
exchange
market
Supply and flexibility
Commercial domain- Supply
Regulated domain
Generators
Flexibilitypurchasecontacts
Exchange of data
Flexibilityprocurement
Grid access and generationmanagement
Commercial domain - flexibility
TSO – DSO interface from the market perspective
Informationexchange Financial adjustment mechanisms
Balancing
group
Balancing
group
Aggregator
Distribution network constraint
management
Balancing/
ancillary
TSOTSO – DSO interface
!1
!2
!3
TSO and transmissionsystem user data exchange
!2Exchange of data between users(trans.and dist.) for procurement of ancillary and balancing energy services
!3!1TSO-DSO data exchangerelevant for mutual contratsand resposibilities
EG3 report "Regulatory Recommendations for the Deployment of Flexibility”, 2015.
22
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
• Aggregating distributed providers of flexibility
– Opportunities for aggregators to increase profit for their porfolio members,
– Services for the system operators,
– Three layer structure: phisical/technical, data, financial,
Central Agrent
Concentrator
Agent
Individual
agent
Individual
agent
In – home
Appliance
In – home
Appliance
Individual
agent
EV Charging
station
Individual
agent
Community
DER device
In – home AggregatorCommunity – level
Aggregator
Community – level
Aggregator
Central Aggregator
• Multiple role aggregators?
• In-home aggregator
• Community level aggregator
• Central aggregator
– Easier exchange of data,
– Different portfolio means different
positioning strategies, means
different services (for DSO as
well),
– Easier communication with DSO,
Aggregators
23
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
Convectional
power
generators
Heavy
Industries
TSO DSO
Commercial
users & light
industries
Prosumer
Prosumer
Prosumer
Community –
level DER
Prosumer
Prosumer
Prosumer
Community –
level DER
Neighbourhood 1
Neighbourhood 2
Leg
en
d
Unidirectional
power flow
Bidirectional power
flow
NN distribucijska
mreža
Medium voltage
dist. gridTransmission grid
Storage Solar PV Refrigerator
EV charging station
Washing Machine EV
Solar and wind
farms
Physical-technical layer
24
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
Convectional
power
generators
Heavy
Industries
TSO
DSO
Commercial
users & light
industries
Prosumer
Leg
en
d
A – Payments for energy use
to Supplier
Solar and wind
farms
Energy Markets – DAM, IDM, BM
Supplier/BRP
In – home
Aggregator
Community – level
Aggregator
Central
Aggregator
Technology enablers
A
B
B – Payments for providing
flexibility from in – home
appliances
C
C – Compensation to
Supplier for creating
deviations in demand
D
D – Payments for flexibility
from large consumers
D
E – Payments to Community
– level Aggregator for
flexibility from DER + EV-CS
E
F – Settlement for congestion
management in distribution
grid
G – Settlement for
congestion management in
transmission grid
F
G
H – Compensation for
flexibility + payment for data
services
H
I – Settlements from DAM,
IDM, BM
I
II
I
Financial layer
25
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
Heavy
Industries
TSO DSO
Commercial
users & light
industries
Prosumers
Prosumers
Prosumers
Community –
level DER
Neighbourhood
Leg
en
da
Central
Aggregator
Community –
level
Aggregator
In – home
aggregator
Data hub
Metering
Companies
Supplier/BRP
A – In – home consumption/
production data + Dispatch/
Control signals from home
appl.
A
B – Flexibility data +
Dispatch/Control signals to &
from community – level DER
& EV-CS
B
C – Smart meter data
C
D – Flexibility provision &
dispatch for large consumers
E – Available flexibility
schedule for congestion
management
D
D
E
F – Coordination among TSO
& DSO
F
G – Accepted flexibility
schedules + Available
flexibility for real – time
balancing
G
H – Market plans
A
B
H
Iterative process
Information layer
26
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
HEP building ZagrebIdrija, Slovenia
Strem, Austria
Mostar, B&HDebrecen, Hungary
8 pilot sites
27
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
27
Contact:Tomislav Capuder,[email protected]
Final remarks
• Extracting multiple system benefits:
– Energy efficiency at all levels – from producers to consumers
– It is not only about electricity – all energy systems need to interact
– Coordinate operation and services between multiple entities (buildings, grid,
city, energy system)
– Prosumers – smart energy management, not only retrofitting.
28
Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER
Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017
Acknowledgement
The presented research results are obtained within the project
Smart Building – Smart Grid – Smart City (3Smart)
Project co-funded by the European Union through Interreg DanubeTransnational Programme (DTP1-502-3.2-3Smart).
DISCLAIMER
The contents of this presentat ion are the sole responsibility of its authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union the Interreg Danube Transnational Programme.
PROJECT WEB PAGE
www.interreg-danube.eu/3smart