SMART CONSUMERS & SMART BUILDINGS The active role of...

SMART CONSUMERS & SMART BUILDINGS

The active role of buildings in a transforming energy system

@BPIE_eu#EUSEW16#SmartBuildings

15th June 2016

Brussels, BE

Agenda

@BPIE_eu#EUSEW16#SmartBuildings

Moderation: Oliver Rapf (BPIE)

4pm Welcome, Oliver Rapf (BPIE)

4.05pm Principles on buildings’ interaction with the energy system, Maarten De Groote (BPIE)

4:15pm Panel presentations – Innovative frontrunners

• Arnout Aertgeerts (Actility)• Alix Chambris (Danfoss)• Stefano Riverso (United Technologies Research Centre)

4.50pm Panel discussion

• Timothee Noel (European Commission)• Frauke Thies (Smart Energy Demand Coalition)• Maarten De Groote (BPIE)• Christiane Egger (Ö Energiesparverband, the energy agency of Upper Austria)

5.30pm Closing

Principles on buildings’ interaction with the energy system

Maarten De GrooteHead of ResearchBuildings Performance Institute Europe

Sustainable Energy Week

Brussels, 15 June 2016

Buildings becoming micro energy-hubs

⌂ A building or a group of buildings flexibly connected

and synchronised with an energy system

⌂ Able to produce, store and consume energy efficiently

⌂ Flexible, adapting to the needs and strengthening the

energy system

RENEWABLE ENERGY

PRODUCTION

DEMAND RESPONSE

ENERGY

STORAGE

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

10 principles to deliver real benefits for Europe’s

citizens

⌂ Ten interrelated principles of how buildings can function as micro energy-hubs

⌂ All important separately, but most effectively considered together

⌂ Apart from principle 1, the sequence is not in order of importance

Maximise the buildings’ energy

efficiency first

Increase on-site or nearby RES

production and self-consumption

Stimulate energy-storage capacities

in buildings

Incorporate demand response

capacity in the building stock

Decarbonise the heating and

cooling energy for buildings

Empower end-users via smart

meters and controls

Make dynamic price signals

available for all consumers

Foster business models

aggregating micro energy-hubs

Build smart and interconnected

districts

Building infrastructure to

drive further market uptake of electric vehicles

Principle 1: Maximise the buildings’ energy efficiency first

• Reduction of overall peak load - seasonal and daily

• More appropriate for preheating or precooling, allowing energy consumption shifts to other time periods

Principle 2: Increase on-site or nearby renewable energy production and self-consumption

• Despite RES being mainstream and reaching grid-parity, small-scale RES is not at its full potential

Principle 3: Stimulate energy storage capacities in buildings

•Storage of thermal and electrical energy could balance energy supply and demand, and would lead to a reduction of expensive peak-energy-supply•Economies of scale lead to an estimated cost decrease of batteries by 70% over the next 15 years

Principle 4: Incorporate demand response capacity in the building stock

• The idea of fixing a capacity problem with additional infrastructure is outdated. Solutions for the future can be found in demand side flexibility.

Principle 5: Decarbonise the heating and cooling energy for buildings

• Buildings’ heating and cooling consume a big share of EU’s energy and relies for 75% on fossil fuels as its dominant energy source

Principle 6: Empower end-users via smart meters and controls

• Smart metering and controls enable reducing the energy consumption and a smart interaction between buildings, their occupants and the energy system

Principle 7: Make dynamic price signals available for all consumers

• Without variable price signals, smart control systems and solutions will not be fully deployed and demand responsive services cannot be valorised

Principle 8: Foster business models aggregating micro energy-hubs

• Since the direct gains per individual end-user are limited, mass demand response will only happen if aggregators act on behalf of them

Principle 9: Build smart and interconnected districts

• Smart districts will play a key part in the transition to a sustainable energy system• Energy plans must be developed in a holistic and integrated way, involving, assessing and coordinating the various stakeholders.

Principle 10: Building infrastructure to drive further market uptake of electric vehicles

• Market uptake of EV, together with electrification of heating, will increase the stress of the grid

• Strategies bringing together smart buildings and EV could avoid grid overload

Thank you for your attention !

Maarten De [email protected]

Buildings Performance Institute Europewww.bpie.eu

Copyright Actility - ConfidentialCopyright Actility - Confidential

Residential DR: An Aggregator POVArnout Aertgeerts

1717

Same customers & value propositions as conventional models

Own no Assets

Platform to connect existing assets with customers

*Peter Hinssen

“The network always wins”*

Imbalance volume

MWh / €Prediction

Real-time

R

€

R

Existing assets Same service

Valorize existing assets

15 min

15 min

15 min

15 min

15 min

15 min

MWh / €

Existing assets Same service

Value streams

€

2323

Challenges for Residential Demand Response

2424

Aggregate thousands of smaller flexible units

= 1000 x

Find value streams

Service validation

Copyright Actility - Confidential

Residential DR Challenges

2525

R

Technology is ready!• Qualitative service to TSO• Aggregators are ready• Validation difficult today

Aggregation of thousands of devices

1 Year

1 Year

1 Year

1 Year

2626

Value streams

€

Limited value in Residential DR• Appliance has to be DR-ready – IOT • High cost for smart meters• Add value with service?

Smart

2727


Additional services?

2828

R?

DR-Ready devices

Manufacturer

What will manufacturers do?

2929

R

DR-Ready devices

3030

R

DR-Ready devices

3131

R

DR-Ready devices

3232

Conclusions

3333

Technology and Aggregators are ready

Regulation needs to allow innovative validation

Devices need to be DR-Ready


Conclusions

France, Benelux, UK, Singapore

[email protected]

+33 1 85 09 80 00


France, Benelux, UK, Singapore

[email protected]

+32 485 781 756


Q&AThank you

Smart consumers and smart buildings: The active role of

buildings in a transforming energy system

15th June 2016

Created at UTRC-I - This document does not contain any export controlled technical data

United Technologies Research Center, Ireland Ltd.

Stefano Riverso, PhD

[email protected]

www.utrc.utc.com

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.utrc.utc.com/

Created at UTRC-I. This page does not contain any export controlled technical data.

SMART-GRIDEvolution of the grid: from passive to active buildings

36

BEMS

BEMSBEMS

BEMS

• Consumers and buildings passive in the grid

• No distributed and intermittent generation

sources

• No distributed and intermittent loads

• No distributed operations (monitoring and

controls)

• Consumers and buildings active in the grid

• Many distributed and intermittent generation

sources

• Many distributed and intermittent loads

• Many distributed operations (monitoring and

controls)

Traditional grid

Smart grid

SMART-GRIDEvolution of the grid: from passive to active buildings

37

BEMS

BEMSBEMS

BEMS

• Consumers and buildings passive in the grid

• No distributed and intermittent generation

sources

• No distributed and intermittent loads

• No distributed operations (monitoring and

controls)

• Consumers and buildings active in the grid

• Many distributed and intermittent generation

sources

• Many distributed and intermittent loads

• Many distributed operations (monitoring and

controls)

Storage systems

Traditional grid

Smart grid


SMART-BUILDINGWhat storage systems?

38

Smart Building

Wind

HVAC system

installed

storagePV

EVs charging

station

Elevators

Electrical storage

Thermal storage

Virtual storage

Efficient buildings


BUILDING2GRIDSmart-buildings supporting the smart-grid through aggregation

39

Grid utility

(e.g.

aggregator)

Power imported

Power exported

BEMS

CTRL

Smart Building

Wind

HVAC system

installed

storagePV

EVs charging

station

Elevators

Buildings directly supporting the grid: active role

Buildings communicating flexibility

openADR allows for automated demand response services

BEMS coordinates building operations guaranteeing comfort


1 | Alix Chambris – Torben Funder Kristensen, BPIE event on smart buildings – 15 June 2016

Smart consumers and smart buildings The active role of buildings in a transforming energy system Alix Chambris and Torben Funder Kristensen

BPIE event on Smart Consumers and Smart Buildings EU SEW - 15th June 2016


Definition of smart buildings

“A Smart Building is a building where energy efficiency comes first, where the right materials and equipment have been specified and installed and which is connected through the smart grid to its neighbourhood. It has a functional, comfortable and healthy indoor environment and its intrinsic low energy demand enables the cost-effective use of renewable energy sources. Being fully integrated into the wider energy system it can, through demand response and energy storage, ensure increased flexibility and deliver better value to owners and occupants. A Smart Building empowers its owner or occupant to take informed decisions about energy use throughout the lifetime of the building through the provision of reliable, protected, real-time data.”


Definition of smart buildings

• A smart buildings has the following features:

• Highly efficient (energy savings)

• Inform

• Empower

• Maintain energy savings over time

• Recover

• Produce Renewable Electricity or heat

• Store energy

• Shift energy consumption (DSM)

Controls are the enablers of smart buildings


New business models – Supermarkets as micro energy hubs


Thermal networks expand the perception of smart systems and the scope for supermarkets

District heating and cooling networks are perfect for energy storage

Waste heat from refrigeration can be exported Unused compressor capacity could be used to produce heat

Supermarkets can add flexibility and become storage enablers for heating and cooling


The CO2 system with heat recovery decreases overall energy cost with more than 25 % - enabled by advanced controls

Remuneration for heat export reduces energy costs further

6,5 % using existing running conditions (waste heat)

6,5 % expected utilising spare compressor capacity (heat pump)

Remuneration of DSF expected to reduce the cost another 4%

Case : Energy running cost comparison between systems at different level of control complexity

7 % reduction in cost obtainable in new systems with controls enabling the properties of the CO2 refrigerant

Electricity : 0,14 € / kWh Gas : 1,40 € / m3

0

20

40

60

80

100

R404A system CO2 system Heat recovery

Own use

Heat export

waste heat

Heat export

Heat pump

DSF

Supermarket (Denmark) 1100 m2 160 kw cooling capacity


Flexibility in supermarkets

1

LOAD SHEDDING FFR (COMPRESSORS)

2

DEFROST SHIPPING 3

THERMAL STORAGE


Supermarkets use up to 2% of all electricity use

Flexibility of multiple supermarkets can be aggregated

Aggregated flexibility potentials

Total supermarket aggregation would account for > 20 % of average delivered wind power * > 30 % of average delivered PV power* *2012 numbers


Conclusion

Recommendations:

• Get the right definition for smart buildings

• Identify enabling technologies to unlock the transition to smart buildings automation and controls

• Make sure we rip the synergies btw the electricity and the heating sector

• Remunerate flexibility

• Risk: if no business case, no investments in product development and optimization – EU will stay behind

• Need for more demonstration projects


Supermarkets… • can play a significant role in

smart and integrated energy systems

• are addressable flexibility resources

• require modest investments before they make up a good business case

Heat recovery… is taken to the next level by connecting DH grids to the supermarket refrigeration system

Extended heat production can be utilised once connected to the DH grids

Thermal and Electrical Flexibility can enforce each other providing a multiplier factor for the business case

Conclusion (Cont’ed)


Thank you


Results

THE HEAT LOSS is 65% of the total heat energy

THE HEAT LOSS is expected to be 35% when space heating cut in at low ambient temp.

AVERAGE EXPORT OF DH HEAT is 27 kW at 65 °C . (This can be regarded as an average for the year)

Accumulated Energy exported to the DH grid

YEARLY DH INCOME to the supermarket is estimated to be 6000€ (24€ per MWh)


Unused compressor capacity is an opportunity

DISTRICT HEATING NETWORKS can absorb limitless energy

TYPICALLY ONLY 30% of the total compressor capacity is used

ASSUMING A FACTOR 2 more energy can be produced with external heat sources

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