Smart Card Technology & Features

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SmartSmart Card ??Card ?? The first smart card was developed The first smart card was developed

in 1974, by “in 1974, by “Roland MorenoRoland Moreno”” A smart card is a plastic card that is A smart card is a plastic card that is

embedded with either a microprocessor embedded with either a microprocessor or a memory chip. or a memory chip.

These smarts cards have the These smarts cards have the mechanism for storing and/or mechanism for storing and/or processing informationprocessing information. .

Different kinds of smart cardsDifferent kinds of smart cards

1. Integrated Circuit (IC) Microprocessor Cards

2. Integrated Circuit (IC) Memory Cards

3. Optical Memory Cards

(IC) Microprocessor Cards. (IC) Microprocessor Cards.

Also called as "chip cards“Also called as "chip cards“ The current generation of chip cards The current generation of chip cards

has an 8- BIT processor, 16KB ROM, has an 8- BIT processor, 16KB ROM, and 512 bytes of RAMand 512 bytes of RAM

Applications :Applications : stored value cardsstored value cards affinity cards affinity cards These cards can provide services :These cards can provide services : secure access to a networksecure access to a network cellular phones from fraudcellular phones from fraud

IC memory cardsIC memory cards

IC memory cards can hold up to IC memory cards can hold up to 1-4 1-4 KBKB of data, but have no processor of data, but have no processor

also known as the also known as the card-accepting card-accepting devicedevice

Applications like Applications like pre-paid phone pre-paid phone cardscards and also popular as high- and also popular as high-security alternatives to magnetic security alternatives to magnetic stripe cards. stripe cards.

Optical Memory CardsOptical Memory Cards Optical memory cards can store up Optical memory cards can store up

to 4 MB of data. But once written, to 4 MB of data. But once written, the data cannot be changed or the data cannot be changed or removedremoved

These cards have no processor in These cards have no processor in them (although this is coming in them (although this is coming in the near future)the near future)

This type of card is ideal for record This type of card is ideal for record keeping - for keeping - for example medical files, example medical files, driving records, or travel histories.driving records, or travel histories.

The chip componentsThe chip components

Central Processing Central Processing Unit (Unit (CPUCPU))

Read Only Memory Read Only Memory ((ROMROM))

Random Access Random Access Memory (Memory (RAMRAM))

Electrically Erasable Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Programmable Read Only Memory Only Memory ((EEPROMEEPROM))

Cryptographic algorithmsCryptographic algorithms Smart cards and Smart cards and

intelligent token uses intelligent token uses different types of different types of encryption systems. encryption systems.

SHA-1SHA-1, , RSARSA, , DESDES DES was published by DES was published by

the the National Bureau of National Bureau of StandardsStandards. It is a secret . It is a secret Key cryptographic Key cryptographic algorithm .algorithm .

Contact smart cardsContact smart cards

These smart card has up to 8 These smart card has up to 8 mechanical contacts .mechanical contacts .

1.1. VCCVCC - to supply voltage to the chip - to supply voltage to the chip

2.2. RSTRST -to reset signal -to reset signal

3.3. CLKCLK - for external clock signal - for external clock signal

4.4. GNDGND - for ground - for ground

5.5. VPP VPP –for high voltage signal–for high voltage signal

6.6. I/OI/O –to transfer data bet smart card –to transfer data bet smart card &the card reader&the card reader

7.7. RFURFU – Reserved for future use – Reserved for future use

Contact smart cards specifications:-Contact smart cards specifications:-

ROMROM RAMRAM EEPROMEEPROM FREQFREQ SPEED OF SPEED OF OPERATIONOPERATION

Cryptographic Cryptographic algorithmsalgorithms

Samsung Samsung mono chipmono chip

24 kb24 kb 512 bytes512 bytes 8kb8kb 100 nano 100 nano secondsseconds

Triple DESTriple DES

Hitachi Hitachi semiconducsemiconductorstors

32-64 kb 32-64 kb 1-3kb1-3kb 2.25-32.5 2.25-32.5 KbKb

13.56 13.56 MHZMHZ

Read 2.5 Read 2.5 ms Write ms Write msms

Hardware Hardware cryptographic cryptographic algorithmalgorithm

Contact-less smart cards Contact-less smart cards specificationsspecifications

ROMROM RAMRAM EEPROEEPROMM

FREQFREQ

MHZMHZSpeed of Speed of

OperatioOperationn

MsMs

Distance Distance CryptographiCryptographic algorithmsc algorithms

SamsungSamsung

Mono-chipMono-chip24 Kb24 Kb 512 512

BytesBytes8 kb8 kb 100 ns 100 ns 10 cm10 cm Triple DESTriple DES

M8KM8K 8 KB8 KB 13.5613.56 10 cm10 cm

RF-IDRF-ID .125-13.56.125-13.56 100 mm-100 mm-50 cm s50 cm s

Gem Easy Gem Easy 8000 series8000 series

8 kb8 kb 13.5613.56 Read 2.5 Read 2.5 Write 9Write 9

10 cm10 cm Hardware Hardware CryptographiCryptographic algorithmsc algorithms

Hitachi Hitachi SemiconductSemiconductors ors

32-64 32-64 kbkb

1.3 kb 1.3 kb 2.25-2.25-32.5 kb32.5 kb

Sub/add Sub/add 0.2 0.2

Mul/devMul/dev

1.41.4

Benefits of Smart CardsBenefits of Smart Cards A smart card can be used as a A smart card can be used as a highly secure highly secure

storagestorage for all kind of confidential information. for all kind of confidential information. It can be used as a electronic purse.It can be used as a electronic purse. The information on The information on smart card cannot be smart card cannot be

copiedcopied where as credit card ‘s magnetic stripe where as credit card ‘s magnetic stripe can easily be copied and then be misused.can easily be copied and then be misused.

It can be used as a It can be used as a secure token to secure token to authenticateauthenticate over the user’s computer and over the user’s computer and bank system.bank system.

Pay Phone, Health care, Identity Access, Pay Pay Phone, Health care, Identity Access, Pay TV, Gaming.TV, Gaming.

Intelligent TokensIntelligent Tokens Intelligent Tokens have their own battery as a Intelligent Tokens have their own battery as a

power supply .These batteries may last for 10 power supply .These batteries may last for 10 yearsyears

they also have stainless steel surrounding the they also have stainless steel surrounding the chipchip

This shell protects the chip against This shell protects the chip against environment changes and any attempt to environment changes and any attempt to attack the chip. attack the chip.

Some of the characteristics of the intelligent tokens

The risks of using smart cardsThe risks of using smart cards

1.1. Losing valueLosing value

2.2. Key compromiseKey compromise

3.3. Intelligent TokensIntelligent Tokens

Security of Intelligent tokensSecurity of Intelligent tokens

When software and PC hardware are When software and PC hardware are hacked, the keys remain safe in the hacked, the keys remain safe in the digitally and physically secure iButton digitally and physically secure iButton chipchip . .

The characteristics of both contact / The characteristics of both contact / contact-less smart cards are the same contact-less smart cards are the same with one difference that is the with one difference that is the distancedistance required by the contact-less smart cards required by the contact-less smart cards

RAMRAM is one of the major differences is one of the major differences between the Intelligent tokens and between the Intelligent tokens and smart cards smart cards

The The use of smart cardsuse of smart cards will increase in will increase in the future especially the contact-less the future especially the contact-less type and also the use of intelligent type and also the use of intelligent tokens.tokens.

Conclusion

Thank ’Q’Thank ’Q’