Smallholder livelihoods and land use in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon: Lessons for REDD+ from...
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![Page 1: Smallholder livelihoods and land use in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon: Lessons for REDD+ from Proambiente](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5479f4cf5906b53d358b45f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Smallholder Livelihoods and Land Use in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon: Lessons for REDD+
from Proambiente
Marina Cromberg (UDESC), Amy E. Duchelle (CIFOR)
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Proambiente in the Transamazon • Proambiente:
- Articulation of small farmers and civil society to conciliate
smallholder production + environmental conservation
- Became a federal pilot program in 2004
- 11 pilot sites in the Amazon Basin
- Transamazon site: 15 community groups; 350 families
- Interventions in the Transamazon: Land use planning,
community agreements, technical assistance and PES
- Ended prematurely in 2006 due lack of a national framework
for PES, limited funding and implementation capacity…
- To provide continuity to this initiative IPAM has proposed a
REDD+ pilot project with the same families
![Page 3: Smallholder livelihoods and land use in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon: Lessons for REDD+ from Proambiente](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5479f4cf5906b53d358b45f6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
THINKING beyond the canopy
Sustainable Settlements in the Amazon
• Proponent: Amazon Institute of Environmental Research
(IPAM)
• Scale: 350 families of Proambiente (318 km²) ; 3
reference settlements (2,288 km²);
• Target actors: Colonist settlers
• Drivers of D&D: cattle ranching, swidden agriculture,
Illegal logging
• REDD+ intervention mechanisms:
- Land tenure regularization;
- Assure environmental compliance;
- Incentive based mechanism: PES and sustainable land
use alternatives.
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Research objective
• Analyze the possible outcomes of Proambiente
related to conservation and livelihood
improvement:
- land use
- agropastoral management
- capitalization level and means of obtaining
income
• Identify implications for the REDD+ project
interventions.
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CIFOR’s GCS-REDD Component 2 in Brazil
Map: CIFOR GCS-REDD
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Transamazon site
IPAM & FVPP, 2009
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Data collection methods
• Timing of fieldwork: July and August 2010
• 10 enumerators
• 4 village meetings
• 137 interviews in 4 villages
67 participants of Proambiente
70 non participants of Proambiente
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THINKING beyond the canopy
4
4
12
12
28
41
2
8
11
17
35
28
0 10 20 30 40 50
Business
Forest
Wage
Govt.support
Agriculture
Livestock
% household income (cash + subsistence)
Income Share
Non Proambiente
Proambiente
Results: Income
Anual per capita income (2009 -2010) Pro: USD 3,310
NPro: USD 2,084
=
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THINKING beyond the canopy
2
7
5
13
24
53
2
6
8
12
32
46
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Agroforestry
Crops
Initial Secondary Forest
Mature Secondary Forest
Pasture
Primary Forest
%
Non Proambiente
Proambiente
Results: Land Use
Recent deforestation 2008-2010 (Pro: 3.4; Npro: 3.7 ha)
% land cover (2010)
- Forest cover (Pro: 66% e Npro: 58 %) - No differences related to the mean % land area allocated for each use between the groups
15
64
21
30
51
19
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
PrimaryForest
SecondaryForest
Did not clear
%
Proambiente
Non Proambiente
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Results: Agropastoral management
• More cultivated species diversity (Pro:12; NPro:
9.5) p=0.025
• Pro households obtained higher mean
agricultural income per hectare (2009-2010)
(Pro:USD 632; Npro: USD 445) p=0.057
• Reduced fire use in the last two years
• No differences related to the % of households
that use pesticides
• No differences between livestock income/ha and
number of cattle heads/ha (0.6 animals/ha)
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Take-home messages
• Lessons learned from Proambiente
• Although there were no differences related to income,
Proambiente participants engaged in some practices that
reflected the program’s values:
- used agricultural land more efficiently
- preferred to clear secondary forest
- reduced fire use
• However, we can not affirm that these differences were
determined by the program, since we do not have
baseline data for the period before the start of the
program.
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Take-home messages
• Implications for proposed REDD+ Interventions
• The Importance of income from livestock and agriculture
show the need for more intensive and diversified
production techniques, as already anticipated by the
project proponent.
• Given the fact that the families are not compliant with the
current forest code reforestation on degraded lands are
important to promote environmental compliance
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