Installer's Guide - Upflow/Horizontal and Downflow/Horizontal
Small-Scale Water Floods Using Horizontal Wells in the...
Transcript of Small-Scale Water Floods Using Horizontal Wells in the...
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Small-Scale Water Floods Using Horizontal Wells in the Red River O O SB Zone One Operators Story
Luff Exploration Company
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Horizontal waterflooding is not, strictlyHorizontalwater floodingisnot,strictlyspeaking,unconventionaloilrecovery.
However,theexperienceofonesmalloperator ma be of interestoperatormaybeofinterest.
Luff Exploration Company
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CedarHillsField/BowmanCounty,ND
A large portion of Cedar Hills Field (just across the state line into North
/ y,
AlargeportionofCedarHillsField(justacrossthestatelineintoNorthDakota)wasdevelopedintheRedRiverBZonebyalargeindependentusingexclusivelymediumradiushorizontalwellsandwaterfloodoperations with an alternating pattern of producers and injection wellsoperationswithanalternatingpatternofproducersandinjectionwells.
Localizedgeologywasnotasignificantfactor,andseismic(andtheresulting mapping ) was typically not shotresultingmapping)wastypicallynotshot.
TheresultingCedarHillsSouthUnitwasaverylargescalewaterfloodunit
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LuffExplorationCompany
Luff Exploration Company on the other hand is a small independent that
p p y
LuffExplorationCompany,ontheotherhand,isasmallindependentthathascontinuouslyoperatedonbothsidesoftheSD/NDstatelinesincethemid1970s.IntheareasdevelopedbyLuffduringthistimeperiod,localized geology matters greatly and there are numerous existing verticallocalizedgeologymattersgreatlyandtherearenumerousexistingverticalwells,manyofthemdecadesold.
Luff as a private company with a small staff has developed several smallLuff,asaprivatecompanywithasmallstaff,hasdevelopedseveralsmallscalewaterfloodsintheRedRiverBZone,andhaspioneeredtheuseofshortradiushorizontaldrillingtechnology(frombothexistingverticalwells and newlydrilled vertical wells)wellsandnewly drilledverticalwells).
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AreasofConcentration WaterFloodUnits
In the creation development and management of small-scale Red River BIn the creation, development, and management of small-scale Red River B Zone horizontal water floods, Luff has concentrated its efforts in these categories:
1. Reservoir characterization, integrating traditional data and non-traditional data, and using iterative processes.
2. Using a mix of horizontal drilling methods, to account for both local geology and the existence of vertical wellbores.
3. Well surveillance and reservoir management
4. Installation of state-of-the-art surface facilities and related automation
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Luff Exploration CompanyAmor North Red River Unit
Luff Exploration CompanyAmor South Red River Unit
Luff Exploration CompanyGrand River Red River B Unit
Luff Exploration CompanyState Line Red River Unit
Grand River Red River B Unit
State Line Red River Unit
Bowman CountyNorth Dakota
Luff Exploration CompanySouth Dakota - State Line Red River Unit Harding County
South DakotaSouth Dakota
Luff Exploration Company
Luff Exploration Company
Luff Exploration CompanyPetes Creek Red River Unit
Luff Exploration CompanyNorth Buffalo Red River Unit
Luff Exploration CompanyEast Harding Springs Red River Unit
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East Harding Springs Red River UnitEastHardingSpringsRedRiverUnit
Thisunitwasformedin2003andexpandedin2010.ItpbordersthePetesCreekRedRiverUnitontheEastside.
ThePlanofDevelopment(POD)callsforalternatinghorizontalproductionandwaterinjectionwells.
Examplesofcomplexmappingareshown.
Twoexamplesofresponsetooffsettingwaterinjectionarealsoshown.
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Sandy White P26HSandyWhiteP26H
NorthDakota
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PetesCreekRed River Unit
Dividingline
SouthDakota
EastHardingSpringsRedRiverUnit
RedRiverUnit
EHSRRUI32HRespondedtooffsettingwaterinjection
EHSRRUF6H
injection
Respondedtooffsettingwaterinjection
Red lines are unit bordersBlack lines show horizontal laterals for producing wellsBlue lines show horizontal laterals for water injection wellsjDashed lines show possible future horizontal wells
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Augmenting2D/3DSeismicDatainM i f I iti l R i D i tiMappingforInitialReservoirDescription
Creatingsubsurfacemapsusing3Dseismicreflectiontimedataiscertainlynotnew.Creatingresidualstructuremaps(structureminustheregionaltrend)isalsonotnew,thoughnotcommonlyused.Theuseofelectriclogmeasurement(fromverticalwells)ofthickness,porosity,and
lwatersaturationisalsonotnew.
However,MarkSippel(withLuff)hasalsoincorporated: True vertical depths (TVD) of the reservoir along horizontal laterals Trueverticaldepths(TVD)ofthereservoiralonghorizontallaterals,
inadditiontoTVDatverticalwells.Thisaugmentsseismicreflectiondata,andcoverslargeareasofthereservoir.
Drillingpenetrationratealonghorizontallaterals(fastdrilling=goodk)rock).
Gasmeasurementswhiledrillinglaterals(measuredindrillingfluidanddrillingcuttings).
Human observation of hydrocarbons (oil) from drilling cuttingsHumanobservationofhydrocarbons(oil)fromdrillingcuttings.
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EHSRRU Expansionlands
East Harding Springs Red River Unit (before expansion)(before expansion)
Luff Exploration CompanyEast Harding Springs Red River UnitT22-23N, R6E Harding Co, SD
Subsea Depth of Red River B Porosity
CI = 10 feetPrepared by Mark Sippel CI = 10 feetFebruary 2010
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EHSRRU Expansionlandslands
East Harding Springs Red River Unit (before expansion)(before expansion)
Luff Exploration CompanyEast Harding Springs Red River UnitT22-23N, R6E Harding Co, SD
Residual Map ofSubsea Depth of Red River B Porosity
P d b M k Si lCI = 10 feet
Prepared by Mark SippelFebruary 2010
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EHSRRU Expansionlands
East Harding Springs Red River Unit (before expansion)(before expansion)
Luff Exploration CompanyEast Harding Springs Red River Unitg p gT22-23N, R6E Harding Co, SD
Initial Producing Oil Cut
CI 0 1 f ti
Prepared by Mark SippelFebruary 2010
CI = 0.1 fractiony
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EHSRRU Expansionlands
East Harding Springs g p gRed River Unit (before expansion)
Luff Exploration CompanyEast Harding Springs Red River UnitT22-23N, R6E Harding Co, SD
Oil Saturation (So) MapDerived from Reservoir Simulation
CI = 0.05 fractionPrepared by Mark SippelFebruary 2010 CI 0.05 fractiony
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EHSRRU Expansionlands
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East Harding Springs Red River Unit (before expansion)
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(before expansion)
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Luff Exploration CompanyEast Harding Springs Red River UnitT22 23N R6E Harding Co SDPrepared by Mark Sippel T22-23N, R6E Harding Co, SD
Mobile Oil Pore Volume Map(So-Sor) X Porosity X Feet
Prepared by Mark SippelFebruary 2010
CI = 0.02 pore-feet
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EHSRRU F-6HCartesian Plot - Daily Oil Production
5-Day Trailing Average Values
Y axis has a Cartesian scale Made changestopumpandpumpingmotion
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y Pr
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LS/D
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Well responded significantly to offsetting water injection
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RDG 10/3/2010
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RDG 10/4/2010
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EHSRRU I-32H - Horizontal "B" Zone3-Day Trailing Average
Oil
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Icestorm
Setlargepumpingunit
Well responded significantly to offsetting water injection
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A large pumping unit on the EHSRRU I-32H
A cow (protected f th i t )from the moving parts)
People!
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EAST HARDING SPRINGS RED RIVER UNIT - EHSRRU
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EAST HARDING SPRINGS RED RIVER UNIT EHSRRU
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Uni
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Green curve is monthly oil production in BBLS/month
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012100
Time
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Petes Creek Red River UnitPete sCreekRedRiverUnit
Thisunitwasformedin2009.ItborderstheNorthDakotastatelineontheNorthsideandtheEastHardingSpringsRedRiverUnitontheWestside.
ThePlanofDevelopment(POD)callsforalternatinghorizontalproductionandwaterinjectionwells.p j
Examplesofopenholelogsectionsandreservoirsimulationareshown.
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NorthDakota
PetesCreekRedRiverUnitDividing line
Betweenunits
SouthDakota
PCRRUN21H(currently producing)
EastHardingSpringsRedRiverUnit
(currentlyproducing)
PCRRUF9H(currentlyproducing)
Red lines are unit bordersBlack lines show horizontal laterals for producing wellsBlue lines show horizontal laterals for water injection wellsjDashed lines show possible future horizontal wells
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Luff Exploration Companyp p yMiller Ranch F-4H
K.B. 2.901 ft.
SchlumbergerPlatform Express
Compensated Neutron 3 Detector Litho-Density Porosity LogThere are no economically productive zones between the top of the Gunton and the Red River B zone. This interval is
included in the unitized interval because of short-radius horizontal re-entries.
Top of Gunton MemberStony Mountain Formation8 763 ft8,763 ft.
Proposed Stratigraphic IntervalStratigraphic Interval
Proposed Petes Creek Red River Unit
Top of the Gunton member of the Stony Mountain formation down to the Red River C Zone Marker
(top of the C Zone)
Top of Red River
Red River A Zone
Red River B ZoneRed River B Zoneporosity
Red River C Marker8 987 ft
Red River C Zoneporosity
8,987 ft.
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Top of Top ofTopofRedRiver
TopofRedRiver
Red River BRedRiverBRedRiverB
Exhibit 5-3
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EnhancingReservoirCharacterizationWithTighterI t ti f R i Si l ti d S i i M iIntegrationofReservoirSimulationandSeismicMapping
ReservoirsimulationwithaBlackOilmodelsoftwareapplicationisnotnew.Noristheuseofseismicmappingforinitialmappinginthereservoirmodel.
However,MarkSippel(withLuff)hastakenthereservoircharacterizationprocessfurther,byiniterativeprocessofreservoirmapping(description)andblackoilsimulationforhistorymatchandfuturepredictionofoil,water and gas flow rates and pressure In this iterative process thewaterandgasflowrates,andpressure.Inthisiterativeprocess,themappinggetschangedfor:
o Structure(tochangewatercut)o Permeability(tochangeflowrate)o Porosity(tochangeratedeclineorresponseandpressureinthe
reservoiraroundawell)
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WhyDotheIterativeProcess?y
Matchingreservoirmappingdescriptiontoobserveddatawhiledrillingandduringproductionisusefultomakingbettereconomic decisions for development and for deriving bettereconomicdecisionsfordevelopment,andforderivingbetterequityparametersforworkinginterestownersandroyaltyownersduringthestatutoryunitizationprocess.
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N-4HN-5HST3
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Green lines show horizontal laterals for producing wells in modelBlue lines show horizontal laterals for water injection wells in modelDotted lines show actual lateral trajectories
800001248000 1250000 1252000 1254000 1256000 1258000 1260000 1262000 1264000 1266000 1268000 1270000 1272000 1274000 1276000 1278000 1280000 1282000 1284000 1286000 1288000
Luff Exploration CompanyJune 2009
Prepared by Mark Sippel
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Pete's Creek Red River Unit Model MapGrid Cells 100 x 100 x 2
Grid Cell Size 406 ft x 515 ft x 2 ft0 2000 4000 6000 8000 Grid Cell Size 406 ft x 515 ft x 2 ft
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Oil rate with time from reservoir simulations for Petes Creek Unit.
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PETES CREEK RED RIVER UNIT - PETES CREEK
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Green curve is monthly oil production in BBLS/month
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Time
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SouthDakota StateLineRedRiverUnit
Thisunitwasformedin2008.ItborderstheNorthDakotastatelineontheNorthside.
ThePlanofDevelopment(POD)callsforalternatinghorizontalproductionandwaterinjectionwells.
Examplesofwellsurveillanceareshown.
Anexampleofresponsetooffsettingwaterinjectionisalsoshown.
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SD-SLRRU F-20H(WIW) Ferkingstad 33 20
Njos 1-19 (P&A)
(WIW) Ferkingstad 33-20 North Dakota
South Dakota
Njos J-19HJanvrin A-29H (WIW)
Janvrin L-28H
S th D k t St t Li R d Ri U itSouth Dakota State Line Red River UnitState Line Field
Harding County, South DakotaBlack lines show horizontal laterals for producing wellsBlue lines show horizontal laterals for water injection wells
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Ferkingstad 33-20 (SD-SLRRU)Cartesian Plot - Daily Production
3-Day Trailing Average Values
Injection started at Janvrin A-29H
InjectionreducedatJanvrinA29H
LargerplungerrunIcestorm
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DifferentHorizontalDrillingMethodsg
Luffhasemployedseveralmethodsfordrillinghorizontalwells:
o Newmediumradiuswellso Newverticalwells,followedbyshortradiushorizontalre
t ith diff t ientrywithadifferentrigo Shortradiushorizontaldrillingfromexistingverticalwells
Thisapproachreflects:o Localizedgeologyo Existence of numerous vertical wellso Existenceofnumerousverticalwells
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Janvrin L-28HNW SW, Sec. 28, T23N, R5E Well spudded in 5/22/07SD-SLRRU Diagram Not To ScaleHarding County, SD
KB @ 3,047 ft.Gr @ 3,032 ft.
8-5/8" casing set at 2,020 ft.(KB) cemented w/ 500 sx Lite cmt. &tailed w/200 sx Class "G" cmt.
TOC 2nd stage - 3,360 ft.from CBL
2nd stage - cement pumped through DV:o 170 sx Class "G" cmt (tail)o 140 sx PLC Lite cmt (lead)
D.V. collar @ 6,816 ft. (CBL)(Casing detail has DV @ 6,849 ft.)
Tubing detail July 17, 2009: TOC for 1st stage - approx. 6,824 ft.KB 15 15 from CBL280 jts 2-7/8" 8,799 8,814AC 3 8,817 1st stage - cement:3 jts 2-7/8" tbg 94 8,911 o 300 sx Class "G" cmt SN w/DT 1 8,9122-7/8" Perf sub 4 8,9161 jt w/BP 31 8,947
Landed @ 8,947 ft.
Upper Casing window - 8,936 - 8,942 ft. Lower Casing window - 8,924 - 8,930 ft.West Lateral TD @ 10,940 ft. MD North Lateral TD @ 8,976 ft. MDSidetrack West Lateral @ 9,690 ft. MD Sidetrack North Lateral @ 8,950 ft. MDWest Lateral Sidetrack TD @ 10,785 ft. MD North Lateral Sidetrack TD @ 11,279 ft. MD
CIBP @ 9,010 ft.
Red River "B" Zone
5-1/2" casing set at 9,150 ft. (KB)TD 9,150 ft. (driller) (KB)TD 9,159 ft. (logger) (KB) PBTD - 9,091 ft. (drilled out)Updated 12/15/09 KDReviewed by GM
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ProducingAutomationandWellSurveillanceg
Theuseofpumpoffcontrollersforwellswithbeampumpingunitsisnotnew.NoristheuseofSCADAtoprovidesummaryinformation at a field officeinformationatafieldoffice.
However,Luffs engineersinDenverhavetakentheprocessfurther,bydirectlypullingdatafromthepumpoffcontrollers,andconvertingthedatatopumpintakepressurevalues(aproxyforproducingbottomholepressure),whichismonitoredandusedininjection/withdrawaldecisionsandwellperformanceassessments.PumpingunitloadingandsuckerrodloadingisalsoassessedfromthedatapulledfromDenver.
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Pump Off Controller
Load cell at bridle of pumping unit
Controller and antenna for telemetry
Surface dynamometer card
Calculated down-holedynamometer cardy
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SD-SLRRU Ferkingstad 33-20
Pump intake pressure Currentp pbefore response Pump intake pressure
Significant gas interference (and loss of stroke) before No gas interference currently( )response to water injection
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SOUTH DAKOTA-STATE LINE RED RIVER UNIT - STATE LINE
100,000
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Rat
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1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012100
Green curve is monthly oil production in BBLS/month
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Time
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StateoftheArt Facilities and AutomationState of the ArtFacilitiesandAutomation
Extensive automation Careful water filtration
Variable Speed Drive Injection Automated oil sales with LACT
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Some Lessons LearnedSomeLessonsLearned
Placinghorizontalwaterinjectionwellsinteriortoproducersandintheoilcolumn is bestcolumnisbest.
Alternatinghorizontalproductionandwaterinjectionwellsideallyshouldbenofurtherapartthanapproximatelyonequartertoonethirdofamile.
Producingwellsdesignatedforwaterinjectionservice,foraperiodoftime,ishelpfulforseveralreasons.
Injectionwaterqualitymatters.
Automation,includinginjectionandproductionfacilities,watertransfer,productionwellpumpoffcontrolsanddynamometerdatacollection,etc.helpssignificantlyinwaterfloodperformanceoptimization.Luffsfieldemployeesplayacriticalroleinthistechnicaleffort.
Surprisesneverstop.
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A Good NeighborAGoodNeighbor
Ken Luff and Luff Exploration Company have operated continuously on both sides of the SD / ND state line since thethe SD / ND state line since the early 1970s. We continue to work at being a good neighbor.
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Photo: Dan Thompson
Thank you for your time! Luff Exploration Company