SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual
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SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual
Mark TerzigniProject Manager
SMACNA Technical Resources
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History
1976 – Guidelines for Seismic Restraint of Mechanical Systems(Sheet Metal Industry Fund of Los Angeles)
1982 – Guidelines for Seismic Restraints of Mechanical Systems and Plumbing Piping Systems(Sheet Metal Industry Fund of Los Angeles and The Plumbing and Piping Industry Council , Inc.)
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History 1991 – Seismic Restraint Manual –
Guidelines for Mechanical Systems(SMACNA)– Included larger ducts– Included conduit– Created Seismic Hazard Level (SHL)
1993 – Appendix E– Corrections and Clarifications– Specific Requirements for OSHPD– OSHPD Approval
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History
1998 – Second Edition
2000 – ANSI Approval
2000 – Addendum #1
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QUESTION??
What is the Issue?
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ANSWER
Physics!!
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PHYSICS
F = Ma
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Code ConsiderationsOLDER CODES
1. BOCAFp = AvCcPacWc
2. SBCCIFp = AvCcPacWc
3. ICBOFp = ZIpCpWp
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All Codes Take the Form of
Fp = Cs Wp
Where Cs = A series of constants given in the building code
Cs is a measure of acceleration
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Current Codes
International Building Code (IBC) 2000-2003
Fp = 0.4ap SDS Wp (1 + 2Z/h) Rp/Ip
Uniform Building Code (UBC) 1997
Fp = apCaIp (1 + 3hx/hr) Wp
Rp
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The Form is the Same
IBC0.4 apSDS is a measure of acceleration Rp/Ip
UBCapCaIp is a measure of acceleration Rp
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Simplifying
IBC
Fp = CsWp (1 +2Z/h)
UBC
Fp = Cs(1 + 3hx/hr)Wp
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The Components
IBC (1 + 2Z/h)and
UBC (1 + 3hx/hr)
Are Adjustments for the Anticipated Force Levels Depending on Location in the Building
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Basic Equation
Fp = CsWp
Where Cs includes the Location Adjustment Factors
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Rearranging the Equation
Fp= CsWp
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The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual has Tables for Four
Values of Cs
These Tables are Identified as Seismic Hazard Level (SHL)
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SMACNA SHL Values
SHL A = Cs = 1.0
SHL B = Cs = 0.75
SHL C = Cs = 0.50
SHL D = Cs = 0.25
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The Design Professional Should
1. Calculate Cs from the Information in the Applicable Local Building Code
2. Calculate the Values of Cs at the Various Attachment Locations in the Building
3. Indicate the Required SMACNA SHL Tables to be Used at the Different Attachment Locations
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Terms Occupancy Category– I – IV Table 1-1 ASCE-7 05
Seismic Design Category– Section 11.6 ASCE-7 05
Seismic Hazard Level– A-D based on seismic acceleration
SMACNA
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ASCE-7 05
hz
IR
WSaF
p
p
pDSpp 21
4.0
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General Requirements
1. Details provide lateral bracing system. Typical vertical supports per local building code must be used.
2. Thermal expansion not given but must be considered.
3. Duct construction to conform to the appropriate SMACNA publications.
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General Requirements4. Pipes will conform to ANSI/ASME B
31.9 Building Services Piping Code.5. Brace in-line equipment
independently of ducts and pipes. 6. Cold formed angles to conform to the
requirements of the latest "Specifications for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members" (AISI) (FY = 33 KSI)
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General Requirements
7. Hot rolled shapes and plates to conform to ASTM A36. Pipes used as braces to conform to ASTM A120 or A53.
8. Cables to have minimum breaking strength. Per Table 3-2.
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General Requirements9. Bolts to conform to ASTM A307.10. Expansion anchors per Table 3-3.
Proprietary connectors may be used where values are greater.
11. Welding to conform to AWS D1.1 using shielded or submerged ARC method.
12. Brace conduit same as equivalent weight of pipe.
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General Requirements13. Do not mix solid and cable bracing. 14. Bracing for equipment NOT included.15. All runs will have a minimum of two
transverse and one longitudinal braces.
16. A run is defined as any change in direction except as allowed by offsets.
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Bracing of DuctsSeismic supports are not required for HVAC ductwork when the Ip = 1.0 if either of the following conditions is met for the entire duct run:
1. Ducts are suspended from hangers 12 in. or less as measured from the top of the duct to the bottom of the support where
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Bracing of Ductsthe hanger is attached. Hangers must be positively attached to the duct within 2 in. of the top of the duct with a minimum of two #10 sheet metal screws. Lateral motion will not cause damaging impact with other systems. Lateral motion will not cause loss of vertical support.
2. Ducts have a cross-sectional area of 6 ft2 or less.
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Bracing of Ducts
1. Transverse and longitudinal bracing per tables (Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8).
2. Ducts may be grouped. Select bracing requirements based on combined weight. Minimum of two sides to be attached to horizontal or vertical angles.
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Bracing of Ducts
3. Wall penetrations may replace transverse brace. Solid blocking required.
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Bracing of Pipes or Conduit1. Brace fuel oil, and gas (such as, fuel
gas, medical gas, and compressed air) as per local codes.
2. Brace all pipes 3 inch nominal diameter or larger.
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Bracing of Pipes - Conduit3. Transverse and longitudinal bracing as
per tables (Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8).4. Provide joints/connections capable of
accommodating seismic displacements where pipes pass through building seismic or expansion joints or where pipes connect to equipment with vibration isolators.
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Bracing of Pipes - Conduit Seismic supports are not required
for piping systems where one of the following conditions is met:
1. Piping is supported by rod hangers; hangers in the pipe run are 12 in. (305 mm) or less in length from the top of the pipe to the supporting structure;
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Bracing of Pipes - Conduit1. hangers are detailed to avoid bending
of the hangers and their attachments; and provisions are made for piping to accommodate expected deflections.
2. High-deformability piping is used; provisions are made to avoid impact with larger piping or mechanical
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Bracing of Pipes - Conduit2. components or to protect the piping in
the event of such impact; and the following requirements are satisfied:
a) For Seismic Design Categories D, E or F where Ip is greater than 1.0, the nominal pipe size shall be 1 in. (25 mm) or less.
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Bracing of Pipes - Conduit
b) For Seismic Design Category C, where Ip is greater than 1.0, the nominal pipe size shall be 2 in. (51 mm) or less.
c) For Seismic Design Category D, E or F where Ip is equal to 1.0, the nominal pipe size shall be 3 in. (76 mm) or less.
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Vertical risers not specifically
engineered will be laterally
supported with a riser clamp at
each floor.
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DEFINITIONS
TRANSVERSE BRACE - those designed and installed to restrain movement in the direction perpendicular to the piping or duct run
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DEFINITIONS LONGITUDINAL BRACE - those
designed and installed to restrain movement in the direction parallel to the piping or duct run
RUN (Piping or Duct) - a straight length with no changes in direction except as allowed by offsets
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Elements of a Seismic Restraint
Brace
Attachment to the Component
Attachment to the Structure
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Bracing Members
RIGID Angles Pipes Strut Channels
NON-RIGID Cables
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Connection to the Element
Ducts
Pipes
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Connections to Ducts
The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual Contains 12 Different Details for Connecting to Ductwork, Rectangular and Round
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FIGURE 4-2 SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS
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FIGURE 4-3 SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS
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FIGURE 4-4 CABLE SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS
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FIGURE 4-5 SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS
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FIGURE 4-6 CENTER BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS
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FIGURE 4-7 CABLE CENTER BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS
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FIGURE 4-8 FLOOR SUPPORTED DUCT
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FIGURE 4-9 SINGLE HANGER SPACING FOR ROUND DUCTS33-36 INCHES (838-900 MM)
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FIGURE 4-10 SINGLE HANGER CABLE BRACING FOR ROUND DUCTS33-36 INCHES (838-900 MM)
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Connections to Piping/Conduit Systems
The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual Contains 10 Different Details for Connecting to Piping/Conduit Systems
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FIGURE 4-13 TRANSVERSE BRACING FOR PIPES
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FIGURE 4-14 STRUT BRACING FOR PIPES
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FIGURE 4-16 LONGITUDINAL BRACING FOR PIPES
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FIGURE 4-18 CABLE BRACING FOR PIPES
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FIGURE 4-20 STRUT BRACING FOR PIPE TRAPEZE
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FIGURE 4-21 CABLE BRACING FOR PIPE TRAPEZE
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FIGURE 4-22 FLOOR SUPPORTED PIPES
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Tables
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Table 5-1 Side Bracing For Rectangular Ducts, SHL A, L=2' 8" (MAX.)
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Table 5-2 Side Bracing For Rectangular Ducts With Rod Hangers, SHL A
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Table 5-6 Bracing For Round Ducts, SHL A
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Table 5-7 Schedule For Bracing Pipes And Conduit, SHL A
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Table 5-8 Schedule For Bracing Pipes On Trapeze, SHL A
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Connection to the Structure
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Connections to the Structure
The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual Contains 8 Levels for Connection into Concrete
(2) 1 Bolt Connection(3) 2 Bolt Connections(3) 4 Bolt Connections
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Connections to the Structure
The SMACNA Manual Contains(6) Alternative Connections to Concrete(6) Details for Connection to Steel(3) Details for Connections to Wood
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FIGURE 8-1 CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE
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Table 9-1 Schedule For Typical Connections To Structural Supporting Members
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Miscellaneous Connections
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Miscellaneous Connections
The SMACNA Manual contains: Specific Details on Various
Connections Bracing for Hubless Cast Iron Pipe Riser Bracing for Hubless Pipes Seismic Joints in Pipes
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Miscellaneous Connections
The SMACNA Manual contains: Welded Tabs for Pipe Connections Stiffeners & Saddles at Pipe Clamps
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FIGURE 8-2 ADJUSTABLE CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE
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FIGURE 8-4 ALTERNATE CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE
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FIGURE 8-6 CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE FILL ON STEEL DECK
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FIGURE 8-12 CONNECTIONS TO STEEL
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FIGURE 9-5 CABLE END CONNECTION
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FIGURE 9-10 RISER BRACING FOR HUBLESS PIPES
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FIGURE 9-17 WELDED TABS
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PROJECT: Getty Center - Brentwood, California
SIZE: 6 Buildings, 110 Acres, 100 Year Life, 945,000 SF
COST: 1 Billion
TIME: Start 1989, (1992), Complete 1997
MECHANICAL: 4350 Tons Cooling - Central Plant
PIPING/SHEET METAL: 30 Million (No Equipment)
SEISMIC RESTRAINT COST: 3 Million
SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS: 10.0 Richter Earthquake
SEISMIC DESIGN (Mechanical): Contractor/Consultant
SEISMIC SOURCES: SMACNA Guidelines/Consultant
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Other Resources
ASHRAE –
A Practical Guide to Seismic Restraint