SLWK710, SPRING 2009

Child in Own Home

Foster Care

Healthy Start

Parent Nurturing

Parents Anonymous

Day Care

Family Preservation

Mentoring

Day Treatment Relative

Respite

Emergency

Short Term Family

Therapeutic

Long Term Family Group Care

Cottage

Group Home

Teaching Parent

Residential Treatment

Achievement Place

Institutional Care

Orphanage

Children's Hospital

Treatment Center

Juvenile Detention

Training Center

Adoption

InternationalOpen

Closed

Emancipated Child

Preparation for Independence

Non Agency

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. NURSING OR HOME HEALTH CARE VISIT WITH EVERY MOTHER AND NEWBORN INFANT.

2. INFORMATION SHARING ABOUT INFANT CARE AND NORMAL INFANT DEVELOPMENT.

3. PROVISION OF CHILD CARE SUPPLIES (FOOD, VITAMINS, DIAPERS, ETC.).4. LINKAGE WITH NEEDED COMMUNITY SERVICES.5. CONTINUOUS IN-HOME CONTACT UP TO 6 MONTHS.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. TO BE PREVENTIVE, ALL NEW M0THERS, NOT JUST "AT RISK" MOTHERS SHOULD RECEIVE SERVICE.

2. PROFESSIONALS/PARAPROFESSIONALS MUST BE COMFORTABLE WITH HOME VISITATION.

3. FINANCING NECESSARY FOR SUPPLIES AND TRANSPORTATION.4. FOLLOW UP MUST BE PART OF SERVICE PROVISION.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. TRAINING AND ON-GOING SUPPORT FOR SKILL AND SELF-ESTEEMDEVELOPMENT OF PARENTS.

2. GROUP SERVICE DELIVERY BY PROFESSIONAL OR PARAPROFESSIONALTRAINED IN GROUP WORK, SELF-ESTEEM ENHANCEMENT AND PARENT EDUCATION.

3. OPEN, ON-GOING MEMBERSHIP FOR PARENTS.4. CHILD CARE PROVIDED DURING WEEKLY SESSIONS.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. MEMBERSHIP IN GROUP SHOULD NOT BE A REQUIREMENT TOMAINTAIN CHILD CUSTODY.

2. NEEDS OF PARENTS (NOT CHILDREN) SHOULD BE PRIMARY.3. TRAINING AND SUPPORT SHOUL.D BE FOCUSED ON SELF-ESTEEM

ENHANCEMENT.4. PARENT EDUCATION SHOULD BE SECONDARY TO PARENT NURTURING AND

SUPPORT.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. CUSTODIAL AND EDUCATIONAL SERVICES FOR CHILDREN EITHER TOO YOUNG FOR SCHOOL OR OUTSIDE SCHOOL HOURS.

2 SERVICES PROVIDED IN HOME OR CENTER SETTINGS WITH VARYINGDEGREES OF STRUCTURE AND EMPHASIS ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT.

3. PRIMARY FOCUS ON HEALTH, SAFETY, AND NUTRITION OF CHILD IN CARE.4. VARIOUS LEVELS OF TRAINING AND PREPARATION OF THE CHILD CARE

PROVIDERS.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. IS CHILD CARE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALL CHILDREN OR IS ITMEANT AS A SERVICE FOR WORKING PARENTS?

2. SCREENING TO ASSURE APPROPRIATENESS OF CHILD CARE PROVIDER.3. AVAILABILITY OF TYPE OF CARE TO MATCH CHILD AND FAMILY NEEDS.4. SUFFICIENT PAYMENT FOR PROVIDERS.5. MANAGEABLE COSTS TO FAMILIES.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. IN HOME, INTENSIVE SERVICES DIRECTED AT STRENGTHENING FAMILIES TO CARE FOR THE NEEDS OF THEIR CHILDREN.

2. SERVICE DELIVERED BY TRAINED PROFESSIONALS TO FAMILIES AT RISK OF LOSING CUSTODY OF THEIR CHILDREN THROUGH ABUSE AND NEGLECT OR LOSS OF CONTROL OF THEIR CHILD.

3. PROVISION OF SERVICE IS FAMILY AND COMMUNITY FOCUSED THERAPY, EDUCATION, OR CONCRETE SERVICES.

4. IDEAL SERVICE PROVISION IS WTIH LOW CASELOADS (2-8) FOR SHORT TERM (30 DAYS TO 6 MONTHS) WITH HIGH CONTACT (4 TO 15 HOURS PER WEEK).

5. SERVICE ROVIDED THROUGH THREE MODELS: CRISIS INTERVENTION (HOMEBUILDERS); HOME BASED (IOWA MODEL);OR FAMILY TREATMENT.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. REFERRAL OF APPROPRIATE CASES.2. SELECTION OF THERAPIST WITH SUFFICIENT TRAINING AND FLEXIBILITY TO

DELIVER HOME-BASED SERVICES.3. ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OF THERAPISTS.4. FOLLOW-UP SERVICES FOR GRADUATE FAMILIES.5. ASSURING CONSISTENCE OF INTERVENTION STRATEGIES ACROSS

THERAPISTS.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. GROUP SUPPORT AND TRAINING FOR PARENTS WHO HAVE ABUSED OR FEAR THAT THEY MIGHT ABUSE THEIR CHILDREN.

2. WEEKLY MEETINGS FACILITATED BY A TRAINED PROFESSIONAL GEARED TOWARD DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVE NON-VIOLENT WAYS OF RAISING CHILDREN.

3. CHILD CARE PROVIDED FOR THEIR CHILDREN BY TRAINEDPROFESSIONAL OR PARA PROFESSIONALS CAPABLE OF HELPING CHILDREN TO DEAL WITH THE RESULTS OF THEIR VICTIMIZATION.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. CONFIDENTIALITY AND FACILIATOR'S RESPONSIBILITY IN REPORTING POTENTIAL CASES OF ABUSE AND NEGLECT.

2. MANAGEMENT OF VOLUNTARY AND MANDATED CLIENTS IN SAME GROUP.3. SUPPORTING PARENTS WHILE HAVING CHILDREN'S NEEDS AS PRIMARY.4. SEEING THAT ONLY NON-VIOLENT PARENTING IS ACCEPTABLE.

DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM

1. SOPHISTICATED PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVCES FOR SEVERELY EMOTIONALLY DISTURBED CHILDREN SO THAT THEIR BEHAVIOR IS CONTROLLED ENOUGH TO ALLOW MAINTENANCE IN HOME AND COMMUNITY.

2. PROVISION OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES SO THAT CHILDREN ANDYOUTH MAINTAIN GRADE LEVEL.

3. PROVISION OF SUPPORT AND EDUCATIONAL SERVICES TO AID FAMILIES IN MANAGEMENT OF THEIR CHILDREN.

4. PROVISION OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL SERVICES TO CHILDREN AND YOUTH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THEIR OWN ILLNESS.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. HIGHLY TRAINED, DIVERSE STAFFING.2. LOW STAFF/CHILD RATIOS TO ALLOW 1NTENSIVE SERVICES.3. SHORT TERM TREATMENT PHILOSOPHY TO ENCOURAGE TRANSITION TO

REGULAR COMMUNITY SERVICES.4. FINANCING5. COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE/SUPPORT.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. MATCHING COMMUNITY VOLUNTEERS (OLDER YOUTH AND/ORADULTS) WITH AT RISK CHILDREN FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE.

2. MENTORING CAN INCLUDE EDUCATIVE AS WELL AS SOCIAL/CULTURAL ACTIVITIES.

3. GOAL IS LONG-STANDING INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP STRONG ENOUGH TO PREVENT YOUTH FROM CHOOSING TO DROP OUT OF SCHOOL OR BECOME INVOLVED IN ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. SCREENING MENTORS FOR APPROPRIATENESS FOR WORK WITH YOUTH.2. MATCHING YOUTH WITH MENTOR.3. MANAGEMENT OF CONTINUOUS, LONG-STANDING RELATIONSHIPS.4. PROVISION OF APPROPRIATE TRAINING FOR MENTORS.5. RECRUITING SUFFCIENT MENTORS.

FOSTER CARE

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. SHORT OR LONG TERM CARE FOR CHILDREN OF A RELATIVE WHO FOR SOME REASON CANNOT CARE FOR THEIR CHILD IN THEIR HOME.

2. PROVISION OF FINANCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE CARE.

3. MONITORING QUALITY OF SERVICE.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. ASSESMENT OF POTENTIAL TO MEET CHILD'S NEEDS BEYOND THERELATIVE RELATIONSHIP.

2. ALLOWING CHILD TO DRIFT IN CARE SIMPLY BECAUSE CHILD IS WITH A RELATIVE.

3. NOT OVERLY STRUCTURING RELATIVE CARE.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. PROFESSIONAL AND PARAPROFESSIONAL VOLUNTEERS APPOINTED BY JUVENILE COURT TO MONITOR DECISIONS AND SERVICES FOR.CHILDREN BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF THE COURT.

2. DIRECT, NON-THERAPEUTIC CONTACT BEIWEEN CHILD ANDVOLUNTEER SO THAT CHILD KNOWS THAT THEY HAVE A SPECIAL FRIEND.

3. A.PPROPRIATE ADVOCACY WHEN SERVICE OR DECISION-MAKING LAGSOR IS INAPPROPRIATE.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE VOLUNTEERS.2. MAINTAINING COLLABORATION AMONG SYSTEMS IN CHARGE OF

CHILD.3. MAINTAINING LONG-TERM COMMITMENT TO CHILD.4. DETERMINING APPROPRIATE, NON-REDUNDANT ROLES FOR CASA

VOLUNTEER.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. THROUGH A VARIETY OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL STRUCTURES,PROVIDING SHORT-TERM CARE FOR DEVELOPMENTALLY DISABLED AND 0THER SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN SO THAT THEIR FAMILIES CAN GET A REST FROM CARE.

2. PROVIDING SHORT-TERM CARE FOR NORMAL SIBLINGS SO ADULTS CANREST FROM PARENTING.

3. ASSURING THAT ALL NEEDED MEDICAL SERVICES ARE PROVIDED FORMEDICALLY FRAGILE CHILDREN.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. DEVELOPING ENOUGH STRUCTURAL FLEXIBILITY TO MEET FAMILY NEEDS.2. RECRUITING FAMILIES WHO ARE NOT AFRAID TO CARE FOR SPECIAL

CHILDREN.3. ASSURING NECESSARY TRAINNG FOR FOSTER FAMILIES.4. OBTAINING FINANCING FOR A PREVENTIVE SERVICE THAT MAY NOT BE

SEEN AS ESSENTIAL.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. SHORT-TERM (LESS THAN 30 DAYS) BAMILY-BASED CARE OF CHILD IN NEED OF A HOME.

2. 24 HOUR AVILABILITY FOR PLACEMENT.3. NO SCREENING FOR MATCH BETWEEN CHILD AND FAMILY OTHER THAN BY

AGEOR GENDER.4. FOCUS OF SERVICE IS STABILIZING CHILD TO ASSESS SITUATION AND

ESTABLISH NEEDS.5. MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES TO RESPOND TO CHILDREN WHO

HAVE BEEN PHYSICALLY HURT OR OTHERWISE TRAUMATIZED.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. RECRUITMENT OF FAMILIES WITH GREAT FLEXIBILITY AND NO PERSONAL NEEDS REGARDING CHILDREN.

2. SUPPORTING INTENSIVE BONDING FOR HEALING WHILE REQUIRING SHORT-TERM COMMITMENT ONLY.

3. GUARDING AGAINST PARENT BURN OUT.4. PROVISION OF SUFFICIENT TRAINING FOR PARENTS TO PROVIDE CRISIS

SERVICES.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1.TEMPORARY FAMILY-BASED CARE FOR CHILD WITH GOAL OF RETURNING CHILD HOME.2. REGULAR FAMILY RELATIONSHIP ESTABLISHED WITHOUT MAJOR THERAPEUTIC

EFFORTS.3. SUPPORT FOR FOSTER FAMILYAND BIOLOGICAL FAMILY TO MEET NEEDS OF CHILD.4. PROVISION OF OTHER NEEDED SERVICES FOR CHILD TO MAINTAIN PLACEMENT AND

TO ENCOURAGE RETURN HOME.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION OF FAMILIES TRULY INTERESTED IN SHORT-TERM CARE.

2. BEING CERTAIN THAT FOSTER CARE IS NOT THE "BACK DOOR" TO ADOPTION AND HOW TO APPROPRIATELY HANDLE "DUAL LICENSURE."

3. BEING CLEAR ABOUT ROLES BETWEEN AGENCY, SOCIAL WORKER, AND FOSTER PARENTS ABOUT WHODECIDES WHAT SHOULD OCCUR WITH CHILD.

4. MEETING AND TRAINING ATTENDANCE OF FOSTER PARENTS.5. ASSISTING FOSTER PARENTS RELATIONSHIP WITH BIOLOGICAL PARENTS.6. AIDING CHILD'S ADJUSTMENT TO CARE.7. AVOIDING PLACEMENT DISRUPTIONS AND MULTIPLE PLACEMENTS.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. SHORT OR LONG TERM FAMILY-BASED CARE FOR SEVERELY EMOTIONALLY DISTURBED CHILDREN WHOSE FAMILIES ARE UNABLE TO CARE FOR THEIR SPECIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL OR BEHAVIORAL NEEDS.

2. FULL TIME THERAPEUTIC CARE PROVIDED BY AT LEAST ONE PARENT.THERAPY, PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL, BEHAVIORAL MANAGEMENT, AND REGULAR EDUCATION PROVIDED.

3. CLOSE SUPERVISION PROVIDED BY THE AGENCY.4. FOSTER CARE PAYMENT SUFFICIENT TO ALLOW ONE PARENT TO REMAIN AT HOME.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. DETERMINING WHICH CHILDREN ARE BEST SERVED IN A HOME ENVIRONMENT.2. SELECTING AND TRAINING HIGHLY SKILLED PARAPROFESSIONALS.3. BEING CERTAIN THAT CARE IS NOT SEEN TO REPLACE THE NEED FOR PROFESSIONAL THERAPEUTIC

SERVICES.4. MAINTAINING SUFFICIENT CLINICAL SUPERVISION.5. CONTINUED INVOLVEMENT WITH LEGAL PARENTS.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. LONG TERM, CONTRACTUALLY-BASED FOSTER CARE FOR CHILD OR YOUTH WHO CANNOT RETURN HOME OR WHO IS UNAVAILABLE OR INAPPROPRIATE FOR ADOPTION.

2. MINIMAL FINANCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT FOR CHILD ANDFOSTER FAMILY.

3. PREPARATION FOR INDEPENDENCE FOR YOUTH WHO ARE "AGING OUT" OF THE PROGRAM.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. REALLY DETERMINING THAT CHILD CANNOT RETURN HOME OR CANNOT BE ADOPTED.

2. SUPPORTING FAMILY WHILE NOT DISRUPTING NORMAL EVOLUTION OF FAMILY LIFE.

3. ASSURING THAT CHILD IS PREPARED FOR MOVE INTO INDEPENDENCE AT 18 OR 21 YEARS OF AGE.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. SHORT-TERM (LESS THAN 90 DAYS) GROUP CARE AVAILABLE ON A 24HOUR A DAY BASIS FOR OLDER CHILDREN AND YOUI'H IN NEED OF IMMEDIATE OUT-OF-HOME CARE.

2. PRIMARYCARE PROVIDED BY PARAPROFESSIONAL CHILD CARE WORKERS.3. GOAL IS TO STABILIZE CHILD'S SITUATION TO ALLOW FOR ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING.4. FACILITY USUALLY PART OF LARGER CHILD WELFARE OR FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY AND USES

COMMUNITY RESOURCES FOR NEEDED PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EDUCATIONAL SERVICES.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. MAINTAINING A STABLE ENVIRONMENT CAPABLE OF RESPONDING TO CRISES AT ANY TIME.2. RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION OF APPROPRIATE STAFF.3. COST CONTAINMENT4. APPROPRIATE COLLABORATION BEIWEEN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CUSTODIAL AGENCIES.5. STAFF TRAINING FOR COMPETENCE IN A RANGE OF BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS.6. COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. COMMUNITY-BASED HOME FOR OLDER YOUTH -TEENAGED GIRLS, PREGNANT TEENS, ABUSED AOOLESCEN1S, ETC., 7-16 RESIDENTS.

2. SOME TREATMENT PROVIDED TO ASSURE RETURN HOME OR APPROPRIATE COMPORTMENT IN THE COMMUNITY.

3. PARAPROFESSIONALLY STAFFED, USUALLY MANAGED BY A BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR MULTI-SERVICE CHILD WELFARE AGENCY.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. ASSURING THAT NON-FAMILIAL GROUP CARE IS IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE YOUTH.

2. ASSURING SUFFICIENT COMPETENCE OF CHILD CARE WORKERS.3. ACCEPTANCE BY NEIGHBORHOOD AND SERVICE COMMUNITY.4. ASSURING FAMILY INVOLVEMENT.5. ASSURING SUFFICIENT FINANCING TO ALLOW FOR ADEQUATE SALARIES,

BENEFITS, AND SUPPLIES FOR FACILITY.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. GROUP CARE FOR DISTURBED OR DISTURBING CHILDREN USUALLY IN A SERIESOF HOMES IN A CAMPUS-TYPE ENVIRONMENT USUALLY IN A SUBURBAN AREA.

2. YOUTH PLACED BY AGE AND GENDER AND CARED FOR BY CHILD CARE WORKERS ON 8 HOUR SHIFTS, 7 DAYS PER WEEK, 8-12 CHILDREN PER COTTAGE.

3. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES PROVIDED IN COMMUNITY.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. TRAINING OF STAFF.2. MAINTAINING QUALITY OF SERVICE ACROSS COTTAGES.3. MAINAINING PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT.4. ASSURING INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. FAMILY-LIKE GROUP LIVING FOR 3-12 CHILDREN USUALLY HEADED BY A MARRIED COUPLE (WHOSE OWN CHILDREN ARE INCLUDED).

2. BACK UP MALE AND FEMALE PARAPROFESSIONAL STAFF AVAILABLE FOR WEEKEND AND EVENING COVERAGE.

3. BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT FOCUS OF WORK WITH CHILDREN WHO ARE GENERALLY CONSIDERED UNABLE TO RETURN HOME.

4. PLACEMENT IS EXPECTED TO BELONG TERM AND DESIGNED FOR CHILDREN WHOSE FAMILIES ARE NOT VIABLE AND WHO ARE NOT CONSIDERED GOOD CANDIDATES FOR ADOPTION.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. BEING CERTAIN THAT HOME-LIKE LIVVING WI1HOUT THE INTENSITY OF FOSTER CARE OR BIOLOGICAL FAMILY LIVING IS IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD.

2. SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE COUPLES.3. APPROPRIATE INVOLVEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL FAMILIES.4. MAINTAINING COMMUNITY LINKAGES.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. A MORE THERAPEUTIC GROUP FACIUTY FOR 13-15 YOUTHS IN NEED OF MORE STRUCTURED CARE (USUALLY AFTER DISCHARGE FROM A TREATMENT FACILITY).

2. STAFFED WITH MORE PROFESSIONALS TRAINED IN PSYCHO-EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS.

3. PLACEMENT SEEN AS SHORT-TERM TRANSITION TO LESS PSYCHIATRICALLY FOCUSED LIVING--AT HOME OR IN CHILD'S COMMUNITY.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. BEING CERTAIN THAT THIS LEVEL OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE IS NECESSARY.2. BEING CERTAIN THAT CARE IS PROVIDED AS CLOSE TO THE CHILD'S

COMMUNITY AS POSSIBLE.3. MAINTAINING LEVEL OF PROFESSIONAL CARE.4. ASSURING PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT.5. MAINTAINING APPROPRIATE FINANCING SUCH THAT PARENTS NEED NOT

GIVE UP LEGAL CUSTODY OF THEIR CHILD TO ASSURE CARE.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. SIMILAR TO TEACHING PARENT MODEL WITH FOCUS TROUBLEDYOUTH.

2. STAFFING PRINCIPALLY BY MARRIED COUPLE, BUT MALE AND FEMALE FULL TIME STAFFING ALSO PART OF MODEL.

3. GOAL IS BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT OF UP TO 8 YOUTHS SO AS TO ALLOW RETURN HOME.

4. HEAVY EMPHASIS ON POINT SYSTEM IN FACILITY, AT SCHOOL, AND DURING HOME VISITS.

5. INTENT IS TO PREVENT FURTHER INVOLVEMENT IN ILLEGAL BEHAVTOR.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. SELECTION AND TRAINING OF APPROPRIATE STAFF.2. MAINTAINING BEHAVIORAL GAINS UPON RETURN HOME.3. COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. SHORT-TERM PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT FACILITY USUALLY 2. CAPABLE OF PROVIDING SELF-CONTAINED TOTAL SERVICES FOR SEVERELY

EMOTIONALLY DISTURBEDCHILDREN AND YOUTH ALSO ABLE TO USE COMMUNITY-BASED EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL SERVICES WHEN CHILD IS ABLE.

2. MULTIDISCIPLINARILY STAFFED WITH PROFESSIONALS AND PARA PROFESSIONALS FOR LARGE NUMBERS OF CHILDREN (20-150) ASSIGNED TO UNITS BY AGE OR NEED.

3. ON-GOING THERAPEUTIC WORK WITH FAMILIES WITH GOAL OFRETURN HOME.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. COST CONTAINMENT.2. ASSURING INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT.3. MAINTAINING PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT.4. PREVENTING INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF CHILD.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. LARGE, USUALLY RELUGIOUSLY ORGANIZED, FACILITY FOR CHILDREN WITHOUT FAMILIES.

2. REGIMENTED GROUP LIVING WITH EMPHASIS ON OBEDIENCE,LEARNING MORAL AND RELIGIOUS TRAINING.

3. CONTACTS WITH PARENTS/FAMILIES NOT ENCOURAGED.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. SOME VERY AUTHORITARIAN AND IMPERSONAL WITH LITTLE ATTENTION TO INDIVIDUAL NEEDS BECAUSE OF THE NUMBERS INVOLVED.

2. REJECTED IN THE U.S. IN FAVOR OF SMALLER SCALE FOSTER CARESETTINGS.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. MEDICAL FACILITY SPECIFICALLY GEARED TO THE NEEDS OF SICKCHILDREND AND THEIR PARENTS.

2 SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL SERVICES FOR SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN.3. SPEGAL EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN AND PARENTS IN THE

MANAGEMENT OF THE ILLNESS.4. RESPITECARE SOMETIMES AVAILABLE.5. GRIEF COUNSELLING SOMETIMES AVAILABLE FOR FAMILIES OF

DYING CHILDREN.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. HOLISTIC CARE.2. PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT.3. MULTIDISOPLINARY COMMUNICATION.4. COST CONTAINMENT.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. MEDICAL MODEL PSYCHIATRIC IN-PATIENT CARE FOR SEVERELYEMOTIONALLY DISTURBEDCHILDREN.

2. MULTIDISCIPLINARILY STAFFED BY MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS FOR LARGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN (20-100) ASSIGNED TO UNITS BYAGE, GENDER, OR PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED.

3. UNEVEN INVOLVEMENT OF PARENTS.4. UNEVEN FOCUS ON SHORT-TERM CARE.5. CONSISTENT USE OF PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. COST CONTAINMENT.2. INTERDISCIPLINARY C0MMUNICATION.3. NORMALIZING A HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE.4. INVOLVEMENT OF PARENTS.5. APPROPRIA TE PLACEMENT TO MEET CHILD'S PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. SHORT-TERMPLACEMENT OF YOUTH SUSPECTED OR CHARGED WITH ILLEGAL ACITVITIES.

2. FOCUS PRIMARILY ON BEHAVIOR CONTROL, EDUCATIONAL ANDPSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS SECONDARY.

3. PARAPROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINARIANS ARE PRIMARY SERVICEPROVIDERS.

4. LITTLE PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT OF CONTACT WITH YOUTH'S COMMUNITY.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. MIXING ''HARD CORE" WITH INEXPERIENCEDYOUIH.2. SEPARATING GENDERS.3. MEETING PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN SHORT-TERM FACILITY.

BEING SURE THAT FACILITY ONLY PROVIDES SHORT-TERM SERVICES.4. COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE AND EXPECTATIONS.5. PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT/RESPONSIBILITY RELATED TO CHILD'S

BEHAVIOR.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. JUVENILE JAIL FOR YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS.2. SERVICE FOCUS ON BEHAVIOR CONTROL FOR THE DURATION OF

YOUTH'S SENTENCE.3. LIMITED FOCUS ON PSYCHOSOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL NEEDS.4. LITTLE PREPARATION FOR COMMUNITY REINTEGRATION.5. LITTLE PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. PROGRAMMING BASED ON INDIVIDUAL NEEDS INSTEAD OF BY OFFENSE.

2. SELECTION, RETENTION AND TRAINING OF APPROPRIATE STAFF.3. COST CONTAINMENT WHILE FOCUSING ON REHABILITATION.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY PLACEMENT FOR ADOPTION BY BIOLOGICALOR LEGAL PARENTS WITH THE CHILD'S LEGAL OR BIOLOGICAL RELATIVES.

2. LIMITED SELECTION CRITERIA AND FAMILY PREPARATION FOR FAMILY BUILDING THROUGH ADOPTION.

3. LITTLE SUPERVISION POST-PLACEMENT AND PRE-FINALIZATION.4. LITTLE ASSURANCE OF APPROPRIATE BIOLOGICAL/LEGAL PARENTAL

INVOLVEMENT. CRITICAL ISSUES

1. USE OF SELECTION AND PLACEMENT CRITERIA REGARDLESS OFFAMILIAL LINK.

2. PROTECTING CHILD FROM INAPPROPRIATE INTERFERENCE OFBIOLOGICAL/LEGAL PARENTS.

3. SUPPORTIVE FOLLOW-UP TO FAMILY POST-FINALIZATION.4. DEALING WITH CHILD'S NEED FOR INFORMATION AT DIFFERENT

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES POST ADOPTION.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. PLACEMENT OF CHILD IN ADOPTIVE FAMILY IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE IDENTITY OF THE BIOLOGICAL AND ADOPTIVE PARENTS ARE NOT KNOWN TO EACH OTHER.

2. PREVENTING THE CHILD FROM EVER HAVING IDENTIFYING INFORMATION ABOUT BIOLOGICAL PARENTAGE.

3. LIMITED BIOLOGICAL/GENETIC INFORMATION PROVIDED ADOPTIVE FAMILY.4. ADULT ADOPTEES REMAIN WITH MANY UNANSWERED QUESTIONS THAT

MAY CAUSE THEM TO SEARCH FOR THEIR BIOLOGICAL PARENTS.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. SECRECY.2. BIOLOGICAL PARENTS' EXPECTATION OF NEVER SEEING CHILD AGAIN.3. ADOPTIVE PARENTS' FEAR OF CHILD SEARCHING FOR BIOLOGICAL

PARENTS.4. TENDENCY TO PRETEND THAT ADOPTIVE CHILD IS ACTUALLY A

BIOLOGICAL CHILD.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. BIOLOGICAL AND ADOPTIVE FAMILY COLLABORATION IN THE MATCHING DECISION AND PLACEMENT PROCESS.

2. ON-GOING (THOUGH CONTROLLED) BIOLOGICAL PARENT INVOLVEMENT IN THE LIFE OF THE FAMILY.

3. CHILD KINOWING FROM EARLIEST TIME THE IDENTITY OF BIOLOGICAL PARENTS AND THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE ADOPTION.

4. AGENCY SUPPORT FOR FAMILIES THROUGHOUT THE LIFE OF THEADOPTION.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. BOTH SETS OF PARENTS' COMFORT WITH SUCH OPENNESS.2. BALANCING PROFESSIONAL MATCHING CRITERIA WITH PREFERENCES OF

BIOLOGICAL PARENTS.3. NORMAUZING THE FACT THAT THE CHILD HAS SEVERAL FAMILIES.4. IDENTIFYING WHICH PROBLEMS ARE NORMAL IN THE LIFE OF THE

ADOPTIVE PROCESS AND WHICH ARE PROBLEMS REQUIRING OTHER MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT RESPONSES.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. FOREIGN NATIONALS ACCEPTING PLACEMENT OF A CHILD (ASSUMED TO BE) EITHER ABANDONED OR RELEASED FOR ADOPTION IN A COUNTRY OTHER THAN THEIR OWN.

2. FINANCES MORE THAN CAREGIVING CRITERIA DETERMINE WHO WILL BE SELECTED/ACCEPTED FOR PLACEMENT OF A CHILD.

3. LEGAL, NOT PSYCHOSOCIAL, MATTERS ARE THE MAIN FOCUS OF THE PLACEMENT PROCESS.

4. LITTLE FOLLOW-UP POST-PLACEMENT.5. LITTLE HARD DATA ABOUT CHILD'S BIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND AND

CIRCUMSTANCES OF ADOPTION.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. ADEQUATE SELECTION CRITERIA FOR ADOPTIVE FAMILIES.2. ADEQUATE PROTECTION OF THE LEGAL RIGHTS OF ALL INVOLVED. 3. PROTECTION OF THE CHILD'S CULTURAL HERITAGE.4. GRAFT AND CORRUPTION AFFECTING COSTS AND TIME UNTIL PLACEMENT.5. COMPLIANCE WITH THE HAGUE CONVENTION.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. TRAINING AND OPPORTUNITIES GEARED TOWARD PREPARING OLDER FOSTER CHILDREN FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY.

2. IN FOSTER CARE SERVICE, USUALLY INVOLVES TRAINING IN MANAGING PERSONAL FINANCES, SELF CARE, COOKING, JOB READINESS AND JOB SKILLS, ISSUES IN APARTMENT LIVING, INFORMALLY PROVIDED BY FOSTER PARENTS WITH SOME GROUP-BASED ASSISTANCE PROVIDED THROUGH PLACING AGENCY.YOUTH USUALLY ENCOURAGED TO FIND AND MAINTAIN A JOB, THOUGH MEANS ARE AVAILABLE FOR CONTINUING POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION.

3. IN GROUP CARE, SERVICE INCLUDES THE ABOVE DELIVERED TO THE GROUP BY A PROFESSIONAL GROUP WORKER. A JOBS CLUB FOR INTERVIEW SKILLS TRAINING, JOB SEARCH SUPPORT, AND COMMUNITY BASED CAREER OPPORTUNITY VISITS USUALLY SUPPLEMENT OTHER EFFORTS.

4. INDEPENDENT LIVING APARTMENT SERVICES PROVIDE A SUPERVISED LIVING ARRANGEMENT FOR YOUTH. CONTRACTS GENERALLY GUIDE THE EXPECTATIONS OF THE YOUTH REGARDING EDUCATION, JOBS, SELF AND APARTMENT CARE, HOURS. CASE MANAGEMENT SERVICES PROVIDED WHEN NECESSARY.

CRITICAL ISSUES

1. JOBS WITH SUFFICIENT PAY FOR LIVING INDEPENDENTLY.2. ESTABLISHING MEANINGFUL LINKS BETWEEN YOUTH AND COMMUNITY.3. APPROPRIATE TIMING FOR WITHDRAWAL OF FORMAL SUPPORT