Slip Formation

8/12/2019 Slip Formation

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Seminar Report on SLIPFORMING

SLIP FORMING.

INTRODUCTION:-

Civil engineering course put more attention to concrete andreinforcement while almost ignoring the major component like formwork. No attention ispaid to economic design of formwork. Formwork costs approximately 10% of the total costof the construction projects ut at the same time sheltering!scaffolding involves majorcapital investment.

"he construction industry today lacks #ngineers who can design agood formwork system. "here are enough #ngineers to do concreting$ reinforcement and astructural design ut there are not many to improve upon the formwork."he procedures sofar has een mainly hit and trial at least for the smaller construction companies. n spite ofeing such a major capital cost component$ no enough research has een done to minimi&ethe cost of formwork.

#ver since man egan to uilding structures he has to cope up withtechnical limitation$ practical prolems limit the height of sky crapper and lengths of ridge."o constantly challenge the limits of what we can achieve$ new techni'ues are created anddiscovered y people in all fields of construction.

"he increasing shortage off skilled carpenters$ the cost of timerand economic disadvantages of economic disadvantages of traditional purpose uilt formshave made the use of ()* F+,-N is necessary. (o that revolutionary techni'ue called()* F+,- is in introduced.

(lip forming is techni'ue of construction using mechani&edformwork. (lip forming is process of continuous lifting of formwork y a hydraulic systemof jacks and pumps / techni'ue that was first used in /merica in 110 gained prominenceand technical advance in #urope in 10. "he earlier systems were manually operated andcumersome. 2ut as time passed it has gained new dimensions. "his slip forming techni'uethe unprecedented synthesis of maximum output and minimum input.

n ndia since$ 134 ()*C+ C+NC",5C"+N 6*7 )"8)/,(#N /N8 "5,2+ has een pioneers in this field. For )/,(#N /N8 "5,2+9N+ (",5C"5,# ( C+-*)C/"#8 2: ()* F+,-N. /lso one example of /(;+


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What is sliding for!or"#

+n the asis of construction drawings$ we plan the performance of sliding formwork withdrawings and slide profiles for openings and emedded items. "he moulds$ which are 1.1metres high$ are made of wood covered with a 1 mm steel sheet. /ccording to the load anddesign in 'uestion$ we fit lifting yokes and hydraulic jacks. "he jacks are fitted toscaffolding that is gradually moved as the slide progresses. )asers are used for verticalchecking$ while spirit levels are used for hori&ontal checks. "he work platform itself is fittedto eams with a hanging platform mounted elow. 8uring operation$ all the jacks arecontrolled y a central unit. #ach lift normally raises the slide 40>4? mm. Casting andreinforcement work is normally performed continuously as the sliding formwork works itsway up. "he intended hardening front is approximately 0 cm$ which means that this islocated around 40 cm from the ottom edge of the mould. "he setting time is regulated yadditives 6acceleration!retardation7 so that it matches the progress of the mould.

"he normal slide rate is 4.?>=.? metres per day$ ut depending on the construction project$we can produce @>3 metres per day

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Fig. No 1Pr$%onditions

/s for all projects$ success depends on good planning. Choosing to use sliding formworkfor construction early in the planning process means that the project can e prepared for thistechni'ue. mportant parameters such as concrete 'uality must e checked. 5nintendedvariations in the concrete 'uality must e avoided$ and efficient$ accurate control of theconcrete setting time is particularly important. -oreover$ reinforcement should estandardised with as few posts as possile$ and particular attention must e paid to thedistance etween the reinforcement ars$ ar length and the shape of angles and ows. fre'uired$ tensioning cales are fitted simultaneously with the other work$ so stringent

re'uirements apply to pre>positioning and preparation. +penings and emedded items mustalso e adapted to the sliding casting method$ as such items must not extend eyond thewall surface of the construction. Normally$ such items need to e 1?>40 mm thinner than thewall6s7 in 'uestion. (liding profiles with the correct contour height and position need to eprepared.

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t is just as important to recognise that a sliding operation is a team effort$ where the slide isin continuous motion$ and where parties other than nterform are involved in casting$reinforcement$ positioning of openings$ cleaning etc

Fig No 4

R$infor%$$nt.

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Fig No =

Finish$d !all.

Fig No A

M&T'OD OF US&:-

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t is characteri&ed y one>meter high forms for the whole crosssection or part of it which are lifted in an interrupted continuous sliding process accordingto the setting time of concrete. "he slip forms are firmly connected to the working plat formand avoid expensive erection and dismantling of fixed scaffolds. "he lifting of the form iserected uniformly and simultaneously in intervals and continuous single lifting in steps of

4.? cm y means of hydraulic lifting system.

($n$fits:-

"he iggest enefit we provide is the rapid installation time. Bith a slide speed of 4.?>=.?metres per day$ you can e sure of a shorter construction time and$ as a result$ reduced costs.

/ sliding casting process is continuous$ so there will e no casting joins. "his is a greatenefit$ particularly in the case of watertight constructions

"he system has een developed over A0 years and can therefore handle complexconstructions with the highest levels of confidence

(uch constructions may involve openings of various si&es$ emedded items$ reinforcements$jumps$ conical shapes$ continuous reduction of wall thickness$ and so on.

(liding formwork is a safe construction method that does not re'uire major crane lifts andthe associated risks. t also means that the system is largely unaffected y the weather$ andsliding casting can continue even in high winds.

Fig No. ?

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IN CONSTRUCTOIN T'& T&C'NII)U& OF SLIP FORMING IS

US&D IN OF FOLLOWING STRUCTUR&:-

1. C;-N#:.

4. ()+(.

=. "+B#,(.

A. )F" C+,# (;/F"(.

?. *#,(.

. +) "/N +N# "B+ (8#8

. C/(" 8/- 10. BN8 "5NN#)

COMPON&NTS OF SLIPFORMING *R&:-

1. C#N"#, *+N".

4. ("/,"#, !


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Fig No

*D+*NT*G&S OF SLIPFORMING:-

1. (imple and versatile.4. "akes you to any height.

=. Copes with every wall structure.

A. "he system can e erected using unskilled laors.

?. "his helps in 'uick and easy assemling and dismantling.

. t has a dominant influence on the appearance and accuracy of finished concrete.

@. "here is minimum consumption of timer and steel in the formwork.3. t gives a monolithic structure without vertical and hori&ontal construction joints.

"hus etterSlip formwork means Fast$r %onstr,%tion.

&%onoi%al %onstr,%tion.



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),alit %onstr,%tion.

Fig No @

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Finan%$ and ti$ %ons,tion:-

/ standard slide speed is 4.?>=.? metres per day$ depending on the complexity of theconstruction. For simpler constructions$ the speed can reach as much as @>3 metres per day.Naturally$ this saves a lot of time. (liding formwork is normally performed in round>the>clock shifts$ ut if necessary or desirale$ night shifts can e dropped. "he shortconstruction time will result in reduced costs for crane hire$ laour$ mixing stations$ projectduration$ etc. /t the same time$ the suse'uent work can e started earlier.

#xamples)ift shaft!stairwell with openings

;eightG A0 metresBall lengthG 0 metres

"otal areaG A300 m4

,ound>the>clock operation

/ normal timeframe for sliding casting H installation$ operation$ dismantling H will earound =0 days. Completing the same construction with climing casting would take around@0 days.



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Fig No 3

C;/*"#, N+. 4

&)UIPM&NTS R&)UIR&D FOR

SLIPFORM WOR/.

0. C&NT&R POINT:- "o start structure we must clearly take the center point of thestructure and preferaly the center point must e at a slight elevation so that it does not getsumerged in curing water at later stages.5(#(G > Center point helps us to maintain the symmetry of structure from the ase itself.

M*T&RI*L: -Normally cast iron in the form of plus symol.

1. ST*RT&R 2 /IC/&R:-

enerally 100 mm to 1?0 mm deep concreter starter is cast

to the desired shape and dimensions to which the slipping is to e carried out. *referaly thestarter must e cast immediately with raft casting so as to reduce the joint and create goodetween them. "he starter must e checked for the accuracy of the structure to e raisedwith respect to the center point.



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/ll reinforcement ars must e inside the starter$ normallysome pipe sleeves are kept at convenient distances to allow the cuing water inside to go outat the starter level otherwise$ at later stages lot of water gets accumulated inside whichcreates a prolem with plum readings and other operations. "he slipform shuttering willtake the shape of the starter.

US&: -"he starter gives slipform a good AII to II lift permission efore the fresh laidconcrete is exposed.

M*T&RI*L: -Concrete is used as material for starter.

3. T'& FORM:-

"he form consist of steel plate with ?0x?0x? angle or according todesign in contest to structure of effective height 1.0 m to enale them to take the shape ofstructure with the help of steel wale (-C 100. (hutter plates are olted to each other andwalers are attached to these with panel clamps 6approx. A to per shutter7. "here are fixedslots in the angle of panels for connecting the walers with clear plates at top and ottom pfthe waler. t means that each waler will have 4 cleats and stiffness.

US&: -"he form act as supports for concreting the structure.

M*T&RI*L:- (teel plates with ?0x?0x? angle or designed anglewith ,eference structure

IMPORT*NT POINTS TO (& NOT&D W'IL&

FI4ING S'UTT&RS.

17 ;ori&ontal and vertical reinforcement must e completed efore starting theshutter fixing.

47 "he desired slope of =>? mm in each shutter is kept so that shutter can slideminimum friction.

=7 /t top 10cm is always free oard and no concreting should e done to avoid ulging

to shutters.

5. 6O/&:- :okes represent an inflexile steel construction which consists of verticallegs and hori&ontal eams 6yoke channels7.



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n case of chimneys the spoke wheel is in shape to two control eams andconnections to the star eams are through eams welded to the center ring. "he hollow ofthe ring provides for moving of uckets and passenger lift where as ring also function asspoke connecting different yoke legs through star eams.

7. 8*C/ 'OLD&R:- / jack holder acts as a lifer of the head eam 6yoke eam7$ the jack isenclose in these to jack holders which are resting on the yoke eam. t is also as a ase platewhen the jack moves up on the jack holder which in turn lifts the head eam. ;ead eamswhich are connected with yoke legs$ lift the yoke legs. :oke are further connected yoke legsclamps. *anel clamps are attached to the shutters the shutters get slip formed 6lifted7. t islike a reverse 5>frame from where the shuttering plates are hanging. For inclined ! taperingstructures these jack holders are made up with earings with provision for lifting and

inclination.

9. 6O/& L&G CL*MP UPP&R ; LOW&R. W*L&R CL&*T PL*T&S:- "hese connect waler with each other.Baler have similar holes at the ends.Cheat plates at top ottom 6two at each joint7 help in flexile joints of waler all round thestructure.

?. WOR/ING PL*TFORM:- "he main working platform is on the height of the slip form uppercorner lay very tightly. "hese scaffold planks must upper corner laid very tightly .thesescaffold planks must e in width at least 13 cm can e free spanned up to 4.00 m. they

must e secured sufficiently against tipping up in a way that nail length of three times theplanks are for pin span elow 4.00 m ut at larger spans lie on supporting eams madetimer.

0@. '*NGING SC*FFO 2elow the slip form a hanging scaffold will e attached which consistsof steel hanging scaffold frames respectively wires 10 mm thick and planking ?0 mm thick

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connecting two hanging scaffolds. ,ecently angle form of 1?0 x 30 x has evolved toreplace wire system ecause it has very shaky and mason and laour working on it used tofill unsafe. ;anging scaffolds are measured for maximum 8ead load of400 kg!m4

and they serve for supervision and after treatment of concrete surface y means of felt

oard$ rush etc.

00. PUMP &)UIPM&NT :- '6DR*ULIC PUMP< "he pump e'uipment consists of the following main partsG> 17 #lectric -otor. 47 +il *ump. =7 +il "ank.

A7 /utomatic ,eturn Jalve. ?7 +il Cleaner. 7 auge.

"he pump is of the plunger type and provided with eight small plungerswhich is directly driven y a vertical motor with the help of pump axle placed aove thepump. "he pump ottom is sumerged in the oil tank. Bhen the pump is running$ oil issucked directly from the oil tank up through the pump and pressed out to the automaticreturn valve and the gauge and from there into the oil piping to the hydraulic jacks.Forregulating the oil pressure the jump is provided with a pressure regulating valve. "he oil cleaner has the function to prevent impurities from entering the pump.t is mounted on inlet oil piping close to automatic return valve. "he automatic return valve is provided with two connecting coupling$ one foroutlet oil and another for inlet oil. Bhen pump is started$ a hydraulic pressure immediatelyarises which at the first moment is higher within the valve than in the oil piping owing to the

constricted outlet from the valve.

+n that account the piston point is pressed against the valve seat. "he valveremains closed also after the oil pressure eing transmitted and e'uali&ed in the total oilpope system ecause of the fact that the piston pressure area is larger at the outlet side thanat the inlet side when the pump is stopped$ the oil is prevented y the all ack valve toinfluence the piston pressure area.

IF FOR *N6 R&*SON T'& PUMP IS NOT FUNCTIONING

PROP&RL6 C'&C/ T'& FOLLOWINGS:-

f the pump does not startG>1. Check if you have electric supply.4. Check if the assemly is proper.=. s the impulse timer clock runningK f not$ the high pressure switch may e

hung.


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PR&C*UTIONS:-

1. f the re'uired oil with comparale 'uality can not e found at the jo site$ anymotor of good 'uality oil can e used.

4. 8o not use heavy duty oil.

=. f sufficient pressure is not achieved some 'uantity of duty oil may e mixed withthe thin oil to get desired viscosity.

C;/*"#, N+. =

T&C'ONOLOG6 OF CONCR&T& FOR SLIPFORM&D

STRUCTUR&S.

R*W M*T&RI*LS:-

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C&M&NT:- +rdinary *ortland Cement conforming to ( 4 or an e'uivalent standard issuitale for all slip forming work through the use of a rapid hardening of slow settingcement is some special slip form works is not ruled out. +ne very important criteria for the cement in slip form work is itIs initial andfinal setting time on which the sliding speed and early age characteristics of the concretedepend on a large extent it is very important and very essential to ensure that variations inthe setting times of the cement used are within narrow limits in order that the mixed designand sliding speed can e planned properly.

COURS& *GGR&G*T&S:-

/nother very important aspect of slip forming is the frictional resistanceetween the concrete and the moving formwork./mong other factors$ the correct shape and grading of fine particles will ensure the leastpossile friction etween the forms and the concrete. "he ideal course aggregate is roundedin shape and$ hence$ natural gravel would preferred. "he maximum si&e of aggregate generally depends on the cover and on thespacing of reinforcement$ and it will also depend to some extend on the method oftransportation$ i.e. y crane or y pumping. /s a general rule$ one can assume thatrestriction of the except for thin section.

/nother important aspect of the course aggregates is their water asorption.(ome aggregate$ such as lime stone or sand stone$ tend to oserve a sustantial 'uantity ofwater.

enerally it is etter to avoid such aggregates since water asorption maytend to make the mix very stiff and prevents the formation of usual thin film of mortar orsuch cases$ friction is high and hence$ detrimental the movement of forms$ resulting in aninferior surface of the concrete.

"he presence of clay$ silt and dust in excessive 'uantities in aggregate willalso increase water demand$ which if not provided for will results in reducedworkaility.

FIN& *GGR&G*T&S:- /s a general rule$ natural sand is chosen as a fine aggregate. "oofine sand may result in thin film of mortar at the interface of the form and the concretesurface. "his will have the tendency to take of during the suse'uence finishing operation

and will result in surface lemishes. "o course a grading will tend to give a very roughsurface and finishing of the surface ecomes extremely difficult.

*DMI4TUR&S:-

1. ,etards delay the setting of cement and hardening of concrete and are particularlyuseful in warm weather. "hey also assist in making of the deficiencies in fineaggregate greadings.



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4. *lastici&ers increase work aility and are availale in normal$ accelerating andretarding grades.

SP&CIFIC R&)UR&M&NT OF CONCR&T&:-

"he following aspects have to e taken in to account while designing the mixfor slip formed work.

1. "he concrete at the time deshuttering is in a semi plastic state as it leaves the formsat leaves the forms a very early age 6A to3 hrs7 and re'uires a wet surface to permit agood surface finish.

4. "he concrete should attain sufficient strength at Ato 3 hrs to withstand the verticalload of the concrete column aove and the hori&ontal forces induced y wind andother loading on slip form shuttering .

=. /fter leaving the shuttering and eing finished the design strength at 43 days.

A. "he concrete should have sufficient workaility to enale placing in the form andcompaction easily.

?. "he mix should not e harsh and made with aggregates containing enough fineparticles and having a continuous grading in order to reduce the friction etween theforms and concrete.

. "he concrete should e easily amenale to the mode of transportation i.e. crane$hoist$ pump$ etc.

@. "he concrete should not leed excessively or segregate.3. "he concrete should give a uniform color and finish on the surface as it leaves the

forms.. "he stiffening time of concrete should e compatile with the planned speed of

slipforming.

C;/*"#, N+ A

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COLD W&*T'&R CONCR&TING.

Cold weather is defined as a time span of more than three consecutivedays during which the average daily temperature remains elow ?LC Bhen the temperatureremains consistently aove 10LL C for more than 14 hours during any 4A>hr period$ the

re'uirements for cold weather concreting are no longer applicale."he adverse effect of low temperature is as follows.

1. 8elayed setting and retardation in development of concrete strength.4. ncrease in the period of hardening and delay in removing of formwork=. ,educed initial strength.A. Free&ing at early stages.?. "hermal shocks.. )oss of concrete strength up to ?0%

For cold weather concreting it is recommended to use. ,apid hardening *ortlandcement e used$ which ecause of its higher tri>calcium silicate content will also generatehigher heat of evaluation at critical early stages. "he early high strength thus otained will

permit a shorter period of protection and 'uicked turn around of formwork and scaffolding.t must e ensured that the aggregates are free of ice$ (now and fro&en lumps and

they are protected against frost.2oth the aggregates and water may have to e heated so that the resultant concrete as placedhas a minimum temperature as laid down in the standards.

"he initial temperature of concrete as placed should never e less than ?0LC."o minimi&e fluctuations in temperatures and slump of concrete from one atch to

another$ the mixing water should e supplied at a uniform controlled temperature and in anade'uate 'uantity. "he slump should not exceed 100mm to minimi&e leeding andaccelerate setting.



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C;/*"#, N+. ?

'OT W&*T'&R CONCR&*TING.

;ot weather can e defined as comination of high air temperature$ low relativehumidity and wind velocity tending to impair the 'uality of fresh or hardened concrete

(ome of the prolems that can e faced in hot weather concreting are followsG>1. 8ifficulty in control of entrained of air4. ,apid evaporation of mixing water=. ,apid slump lossA. /ccelerated set.?. ,educed strength. ncreased permeaility@. reater dimensional changed on cooling have hardened concrete.

*roper attention should e paid to mixing as the process ofmixing provides heat to mix. "he effect of mixer surface to the sun should e minimi&ed ypainting and light colors and continuously spraying with cold water.

"he period etween mixing and delivering should e kept as smallas possile as cement hydration$ temperature loss$ aggregate and grinding and loss of air allincreases with passage of time. *reparations must e made to transport$ place$ consolidateand finish the concrete at the fastest possile rate. ncreases of prevailing aried windtemporary windreaks must e provided to reduce the heat.

"he su grade should e moist ut free of standing water and softsports at the temperature of concreting. For est overall results the temperature of concretershould not exceed =4deg Celsius and should e kept uniform under extreme circumstances$concreting may e carried out only at the late afternoon and evening.



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C;/*"#, N+.

PL*CING OF CONCR&T& *ND CURING.

5sually concrete is taken to the top of the platform of arope hoist and discharged into a chute. "he concrete is received in a wheel arrow at theplatform and taken round for distriution into the wall portion. Concrete is virated usingpoker ! needle virator. "he rate of placing is adjusted in such a way that the layer ofconcrete is place efore the layer ellow has set to a considerale degree.

Curing is carried out y pumping water from the ottom y high liftpumps. "he water is spread to the inner and outer surfaces of concrete through perforatedhose pipes. /lternatively$ curing compound can also e used. "he time for curing is given y NM @? ! 6t107. BhereN is no. of days and t is the concrete in forms there are important measures to think.

1. "he concrete etween working deck level and lower part of hanging deck must eprotected from sun shine with the help of wet gunny ags.

4. Bater used for curing shall e clear and free form injurious amounts oil$ acids$ salts$alkalis$ organic materials or other sustances that may e deleterious to concrete orsteel.



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C;/*"#, N+ @

C'&C/ LIST (&FOR& SLIPPING.

1. (paresG ;ydraulic *umpG > one no. Dacks and hosesG > 10>1? %

4. enerator or standy power arrangement for concrete power supply.=. #xtra pump for curing.A. Fire fighting cylinder or sand uckets.?. First aid ox at deck level. 8ay night electricians$ -echanics ! miner ! virator operations. Concreting gang$

finishing gang and reinforcement gang.

@. Belding machine! gas cutting at deck level.3. *rotection drawings.. / walkie>talkie i.e. etween deck and ground level.10. Full length up cale re'uired for complete height and lifting arrangements at deck

level and tower!hoist.11. / warning light at top of tower.14. Check for ending of reinforcement for at least 4!= m height and stacking properly

near the structure to e slip forming1=. /ll inserts$ plates shall e kept cut and ready marked.1A. #mergency vehicle to e availale around the clock near the site to meet any

accident that may happen.1?. *lump os to e kept ready along with piano wires for plum checking1. (tandy motor for winch$ mixer etc.1@. (afety elts for all workers near the concrete ucket and helmets for all workers on

the deck and elow deck.13. ;essian cloth for protecting the press concrete from sunrays.1. /rrangement for shutters cleaning and removal and wastes from deck.40. ,ailing ! safety nets for hanging deck.



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C;/*"#, N+G>3

* C*S& STUD6.

* MUM(*I A PUN& &4PR&SS W*6 PRO8&CT.

INTRODUCTION:-

-umai is the commercial capital of ndia and is growing

significantly in si&e and population. (o also *une$ the cultural capital of -aharashtra isgrowing into a major industrial and commercial centre. ;ence$ the importance of -umai >*une road has increased tremendously. "he traffic on this highway was 0@?? *C5 in 1@and is projected to e more than 1$ 00$000 *C5 y the year 400A$ re'uiring a ten lanecorridor etween -umai and *une.

8ue to the increase in the traffic every year resulting in jams$ accidents$increase in travel time$ has made it necessary to uild a new and independent expressway./t present A00 persons are killed due to accidents on the existing -umai > *une National;ighway each year. "he overnment of -aharashtra entrusted the work of the constructionof the -umai > *une #xpressway to -(,8C in -arch 1@ on 2uild > +perate

"ransfer 62+"7 asis with permission to collect toll for =0 years.

Total roB$%t %ost in%l,ding $s%alation isRs. 1630Cror$s.

PR&S&NTST*TUSG>"he expressway is opened to traffic in the portion from 04. )ight vehicles mini uses. 1??.00!>

http://www.msrdc.org/projects/mumbai_pune.html#SECTIONhttp://www.msrdc.org/projects/mumbai_pune.html#SECTIONhttp://www.msrdc.org/projects/mumbai_pune.html#Section%20'C'http://www.msrdc.org/projects/mumbai_pune.html#Section%20'D'http://www.msrdc.org/projects/mumbai_pune.html#SECTIONhttp://www.msrdc.org/projects/mumbai_pune.html#Section%20'C'http://www.msrdc.org/projects/mumbai_pune.html#Section%20'D'


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0=. "rucks. 41?.00!>0A. 2uses. 4?.00!>0?. = /xle vehicles. ?10.00!>0. -ulti axle vehicles. 30.00!>

6,ates in ,upees.7

TUNN&LS: -#xpressway has four lane wide tunnels at ? locations with total length of 000 meters. "hereare separate tunnels for traffic in oth the directions and the cost of the tunnels is aout ,s.400 crores. "he tunnels on this expressway have een provided with modern facilities ofventilation$ lighting and fire fighting vehicles and would rank amongst the est in the world."his work was entrusted to


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Con%r$t$ transit i$rs and '$a D,$r For transportation of concrete from atching plant to laying (ite$ transit mixers and heavy dumpers are used

Wagon Drills For lasting of rocks wagon drills which can ore holes upto

10 meters depth are used. /part from aove machinery large numer of Jiratory ,ollers$ (preaders$ raders$

8umpers etc. are used for earthwork.

PL*NT*TION OF TR&&S:- n order to save trees$ which are coming in the carriage of theexpressway$ they we have transplanted them at other locations within the right of way./out ?00 such trees have een transplanted along the expressway.

t is proposed to plant @0$000 trees along alignment.

F*CILITI&S ON &4PR&SSW*6:-

"he police provided for this purpose will do the traffic control on thisexpressway. /mulances$ fire fighting vehicles$ cranes$ etc. will e provided at every 4 kmsso that during emergency contact can e estalished with control room.

t is proposed to have wayside amenities like hotels$ motels$ restaurants$ petrol pumps$toilets and telephone facilities at different locations. "he expressway will have fencing onoth the sides so as to prevent cattle and pedestrian traffic from crossing over. ;owever$suways have een provided at a distance of aout =00 > ?00 meters for the locals

*LIGNM&NT OF &4PR&SSW*6 :-"he expressway passes through the (ahyadri ranges with natural scenic eauty. n order toprovide easy facilities for entering or exiting the expressway ? interchanges are eingprovided at


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. 5nderpass ! +verpass has een provided for the state highway and other road crossings.@. 2an on two wheelers$ three wheelers and tractors vehicles.3. *rovision of suways for villagers at every =00 to ?00 meters distance.. *roject is on 2uild > +perate > "ransfer 62+"7 asis.10. overnment has given guarantee for raising of funds from financial institutions.

11. "o cater to traffic of


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C;/*"#, N+ .

CONCLUSION.

Bith the invention of slip forming techni'ue and due to speedier

completion of work y the techni'ue$ there are sustantial savings in cost in terms of wages

and interest ."his techni'ue has no comprises against 'uality control and ;omogeneity of

structure.

"he cost saving will not appear automatically just ecause slip

forming has een used ."his techni'ue has a lot of scope for improvement .2ut it can e

adapted for tall framed structure. For slip forming work ordinary concrete of e'ually -40

-4?$ rarely -=0. enerally *ortland cement is used for concreting. Fast setting cement in

special cases work during winter and slip form progress is chosen. /fter dismantling the slip

form components it can e used for span more than 4? years.

Th,s sli for sst$ inol$sG>

)U*LIT6 CONSTRUCTION.

&CONOMIC*L CONSTRUCTION.

SP&&DI&R CONSTRUCTION.



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R&F&R&NC&S.

0. Indian Con%r$t$ 8o,rnal A Mar%h A 0??>.

1. Indian Con%r$t$ 8o,rnal A Mar%h A 0???.

=. Indian *r%hit$%ts ; (,ild$rs A Mar%h A 1@@@.

5. *rti%l$ on %onstr,%tion of t,nn$ls

2y 8 .. 8iwate$ Chief *roject -anger


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Slip Formation

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Transcript of Slip Formation