Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax...
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![Page 1: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Slime Practical
• Place 40 cm3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup.
• Measure out 10 cm3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution.
• Stir until the slime forms.
![Page 2: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
L10 Polymers
Learning Objectives:
1.Describe what a polymer is.
2.Describe the process of polymerisation.
3.Describe the properties and uses for polymers.
Drpsg polymerisation
![Page 3: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is a polymer?• A polymer is a long chain molecule that is formed from
small molecules linking together.
• poly = many
• Polymers are made from monomers.
monomer polymer
![Page 4: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How are polymers made?
• Polymers are made from alkenes.
• (Remember, one of the products from cracking crude oil is alkenes)
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
![Page 5: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
H
HH
H
Take 3 ethene molecules - C2H4
![Page 6: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
Take 3 ethene molecules - C2H4
![Page 7: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
Take 3 ethene molecules - C2H4
Each one is unsaturated – it has a double Covalent carbon – carbon bond
![Page 8: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
Take 3 ethene molecules - C2H4
To make polymerisation easy to understand draw the double bond horizontalAnd put everything else above and below
![Page 9: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
Open the double bond
Imagine opening the double bond so it Forms a new carbon – carbon bond
![Page 10: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 11: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 12: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 13: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 14: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 15: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
This is polyethene with 3 units in – actual examples have 1000’s of units of ethene in
![Page 16: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
Overall Equation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
Ethene, a monomer
Poly(ethene), a polymer
![Page 17: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
Different representation
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
* *n
the number of repeat units
is shown by n . (* not needed)
![Page 18: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ethene – double bond - turns bromine water from orange to colourless
Poly(ethene) – no double bonds No effect on bromine water
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
C C
H
HH
H
![Page 19: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Naming
•Put “poly” in front of the monomer name.
Formula
•Draw the monomer WITHOUT the double bond.
•Draw bonds out to the sides and put in brackets.
•Put an “n” in subscript after.
![Page 20: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
propene – C3H6
C C
CH3
HH
H
![Page 21: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
propene – C3H6
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
![Page 22: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
propene – C3H6
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
Each one is unsaturated – it has a double Covalent carbon – carbon bond
![Page 23: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
Open the double bond
Imagine opening the double bond so it Forms a new carbon – carbon bond
![Page 24: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 25: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 26: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 27: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 28: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 29: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
This is polypropene with 3 units in – actual examples have 1000’s of units of ethene in
![Page 30: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
Overall Equation
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
Propene
Poly(propene)
![Page 31: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
Different representation
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C C
CH3
HH
H
C
H
CH3
C
H
H
* *n
the number of repeat units
is shown by n .
![Page 32: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
Take 3 fluoroethene molecules
C C
F F
FF
C C
F F
FF
C C
F F
FF
C C
F F
FF
C C
F F
FF
C C
F F
FF
![Page 35: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
Take 3 fluoroethene molecules
![Page 36: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
Each one is unsaturated – it has a double Covalent carbon – carbon bond
Take 3 fluoroethene molecules
![Page 37: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
Open the double bond
Imagine opening the double bond so it Forms a new carbon – carbon bond
![Page 38: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 39: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 40: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 41: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 42: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 43: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain
Open the double bond
![Page 44: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
Overall Equation
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
Fluoroethene
Poly(fluoroethene)
![Page 45: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Drpsg polymerisation
Different representation
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C C
F
HH
H
C
H
F
C
H
H
* *n
the number of repeat units
is shown by n .
![Page 46: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Properties of Polymers• The properties of polymers depends on what monomers
are used.• Scientists can make new polymers with specific
properties. • Usually polymers are stretchy and can be moulded.• Plastics are a type of polymer.
![Page 47: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Problems with polymers• Polymers are very useful materials.
• However, they are not biodegradable.
• This means that polymers do not break down.
• Plastic waste can remain in landfills for hundreds of years!
![Page 48: Slime Practical Place 40 cm 3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm 3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e8a5503460f94b8f32c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
HW: Extended Writing
• Describe what a polymer is and how polymers are formed. Draw an example of a polymer and describe why they are so useful.
Drpsg polymerisation