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Slide InformationPine Wilt NematodeMegan KennellyKansas State University
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First found in Kansas in 1979
Pine wood nematode
Pine WiltPhoto by Judy OMara
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Image from Jon Appel, Kansas Dept of Agriculture
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Pine wilt hostsCommon on Scots
Also starting to see it on Austrian pine, and Mugo
Drought stressBeetles prefer to lay eggs where resin flow is reduced
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Pine Wilt: Symptoms
Rapid wilt/death. Needles yellow then brown.
Lack resin. Branches dry, brittle. They snap rather than bend
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Image from: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL9.pdf
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Beetle overwinters in pine trees
-start emerge ~ May 1st.femalemaleImages from:http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL9.pdf
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May 1 : adult beetles emerge*Lay eggs, (prefer drought stressed/dying)*Nematodes enter tree and feed on bluestain fungi.Lay eggs all seasonBeetles feed in healthy trees
Nematodes are inside the trachea (breathing tubes) of the beetle.Beetle carries up to ~80,000 nematodesImages from: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL9.pdf
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Egg-laying phaseFeeding phase*Beetle larvae develop in the tree.*Larvae feed in cambium layer, then burrow deeper into the tree*Larvae turn to pupae*Nematodes are attracted to pupae*Pupae emerge as adults, and the cycle continuesNematodes leave beetles and enter tree through feeding wounds.
Nemas eat plant cells, and tree dies
Image from:http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL9.pdf
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The nematode in the treeOnce in the tree, the nematode spreads around in resin ducts. Feeds on resin cells (healthy trees) or blue-stain fungi (in dead trees)
When food is running out, nematode seeks out the beetle. Nematodes produce 4th stage larvae which hitch a ride with the beetle. This larva is a dispersal stage, tolerates drying. (dauer larvae)
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Nematode cant spread by itself: it needs the beetle
Beetle can fly several miles
We can also spread nematode and beetle in nursery stock, firewood
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Sanitation is Critical Component in Controlling Pine WiltTree removal before April 1 Reduces nematode and pine sawyer numbersDont leave stumpsRoot removal not necessaryDont stack wood.Chip or burn dead trees.Sanitation must be coordinated effort.Pine sawyers strong fliers
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Two new products for pine wilt
Greyhound and Pinetect
Both are 2% Abamectin
Contact companies (Rainbow Tree Care, Arborsystems) for more information
Need to be applied by trained treecare professionals
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InjectionsNot 100% effectiveNo curative activityCarefully evaluate tree beforehandProper techniqueRepeat every 2 yearsExpensive