Slide Headline Elbit UAV Systems Certification and Airworthiness of UAS Methodology and Experience.
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Transcript of Slide Headline Elbit UAV Systems Certification and Airworthiness of UAS Methodology and Experience.
Slide Headline
Elbit UAV SystemsElbit UAV SystemsCertification and Airworthiness Certification and Airworthiness
of UASof UASMethodology and ExperienceMethodology and Experience
Contents
Design for AW, safety & certificationESL past & present experience
Background for civil certification in IsraelNew legal situation
Civil Methodology of certification in IsraelBaselines of approval granting
Experience: Special Permits for UAS Type
Hermes 450 ®
Skylark I ®
Skylark II ®
WK approval processPast experience with foreign authorities
Design for
Airworthiness, Safety & Certification
ESL past experience
ESL past experience
Standards for Previous Design
The Hermes® Family was developed to comply with
existing manned A/C standards & procedures.
Tailoring of these standards was required for UAV’s.
MIL-STD’s were mainly in use (IAF requirements).
Experience with IAF
Hundreds of airworthiness related documents were prepared :
Safety & Reliability assessment reports.Analysis reports (Loads ,Thermal, Flutter. electrical loads.) Qualification test reports performed at LRU LevelPOD test reports for subsystem.Load test reports for major structural components.Engine endurance test reports .EMI & RFI test reports at LRU and at UAV level .Software versions ATP reports. AV & FLT ATP (tests with the real HW)
Flight test reports :Preliminary report after each flight .Malfunction analysis reports .Test phase reports . Subsystems level test reports (Avionic , Flight control, Electrical power…)Final platform test report .Final system test report .
Airworthiness Process
Requirements Specifications
Development
Analysis +Lab Tests
Integration ATP
SubsystemsTest bed flights
Ground Tests
Safety of FlightReport
Safety ReviewBoard
Flight Tests
Flight TestsPlan
Test OrderTest Readiness
Review
Platform Validatation &Verification tests
Operational Testand Evaluation
IOCTemporary
System A/WCertification
System A/WCertification
Standards for Present Design
The growing interest in UAVs around the world raised the need for UAV defined standards.
Standardization in progress
A new set of design standards was adopted by ESL for present design.
STANAG 4671 are related as the certification basis, with reference to the more formal CS-23, tailored for UAS for medium UAS
Extensive safety analysis and robust design for mini and small UAS
Background for
civil certification in Israel
UAS
Civil Certification Status
Background
The certification methodology of UAS is presently in a transition stage.
The fast development of UAS raises a requirement to operate them in a non-segregated airspaceThe regulatory framework is not yet mature Regulations and procedures are still in development through internationally harmonized efforts.
National approvals are granted for various systems
Status in the World
ICAOUASGG Unmanned Aircraft
Systems Study Group
NATOUSAR STANAG 4671
USAFAA RTCA SC 203ASTM NTSB
EuropeEASA A-NPAEUROCAE WG 73EUROCONTROLEDA
Participation in International Forums
Elbit Systems is an active member in EUROCAE WG-73
Scope: Setting Standards for Certification and Operation of UAV
Established: April 2006
Participation in SG2 subgroup on Airworthiness
Leading “Restricted Type Certificatate” Working Paper
Leading “Launch and Recovery” Working Paper
Member in USA forums
RTCA SC 203
ASTM F38
ESL has Launched a development effort in the area of Sense & Avoid.
Status in Israel
All civil flights in Israel are under the jurisdiction of the Civil Aviation Authority of Israel (CAAI)
The oversight of the majority of the sky is done by the Israeli Air Force (IAF), except:
A corridor from Tel Aviv to Jordan
A corridor from Tel Aviv to Eilat
Prior to 1/2/2007 all UAS flew under the jurisdiction of the IAF
Since 1/2/2007 the UAS that are not direct IAF interest (mission or development) have to fly under the jurisdiction of CAAI
New Legal Situation in Israel
Civil UAS Certification Committee (CUC2) has been appointed by
General Director of the Ministry of Transport
General Director of the Ministry of Defense
The Committee is formed from specialists that have ample UAS and aeronautics background from IAF and Aeronautical Industry
The Committee
Conducts technical surveys
Recommends approvals
The approvals are endorsed by the head of CAAI
The approvals contain operational limitations in order to ensure that the safety level of the ongoing civil operations is not diminished by the UAS presence
Civil Methodology
of certification in Israel
Methodology for
Civil Certification in Israel
UAS Certification Procedure
Civil UAS Certification Committee (CUC2) has issued a procedure for
“Certification and approval of changes for UAS ”
Classification
Procedures for systems with flight experience prior to the nomination of the committee
Experience
Safety Analysis
Procedures for new systems
Classification
Classification by service experienceExperimental configuration – less than 10 flight hours
Maturation configuration - less than 2000 flight hours and 100 successful take-offs and landings
Proven configuration
Classification by weightMini 1-14 kg
Small 15-199 kg
Medium200-1999kg
Heavy above 2000kg
Classification by first flight dateBefore 1/2/2007: Approval based on experience and safety assessment
After 1/2/2007: Approval based on certification basis and safety assessment
Procedure for New Systems
Systematic certification Methodology
Basis of Certification:USAR STANAG 4671
Exemptions
Equivalent Level of Safety Findings
Special Conditions (where required)
List of Required Documents Company Approval
First Flight
Maturation Configuration
Proven Configuration
USAR STANAG 4671
Adoption of USAR STANAG 4671 as Basis of Certification for Medium UAS:
WK
Complies with few exceptions
Compliance with Do 178B and Do 254 as required by USAR 1309 and ACM 1309
Hermes 900 ®
Designed to comply
Gap Analysis for Legacy Software to demonstrate equivalent level of safety to 1309 requirements
Experience
with CAAIESL Experience
with CAAI
Elbit Systems CAAI Approvals
UAS Design Organization
UAS Operation Organization
UAS Pilots
UAS Special Flight Permit for specific UASUAS Special Permit for UAS Type
Special Permit for UAS for Tests Flights and Demonstrations only
Specific UAS Special Flight Permits
TypeWight ClassDate of First FlightType of Approval
Skylark I ®Mini
~5 Kg
Before 1/2/2007Special Permit for UAS Type
Proven configuration
Skylark II ®
Skylark IIA ®
Small
50 Kg- 60 Kg
Before 1/2/2007
Changes after 1/2/2007
Special Permit for UAS Type
Maturation configuration
Hermes 90 ®Small
90 Kg
After 1/2/2007MaturationConfiguration
Hermes 450 ®
Hermes 450J ®
Medium
~ 450 Kg
Before 1/2/2007Special Permit for UAS Type
Proven configuration
WK 450Medium
~ 480 Kg
After 1/2/2007
First flight:
16 April 2008
Flight permit
Maturation configuration
Skylark I ®
Fully autonomous flightGross weight < 5kgWing span - ~2mElectric motorOperational Flight alt - 300-1500ft above groundMax Alt – 15,000 above sea levelAirspeed - 24-50 Kts.Endurance – up to 90minOperational Communication Range > 10 kmAutomatic take-off (hand, bungee or mini launcher launch)Automatic and precise landing (airbag recovery)Deployment < 10 minInaudible - 100m AGL
Skylark II ®
Fully autonomous flight modesGross weight – 60 KgWing span – 6.5mElectric motorFlight alt – 500-5000ft AGLFlight Ceiling – 15000 ft ASLAirspeed - 40-70 KtsEndurance – more than 4 hFlight range - 60 kmInaudible from 500 ft AGLAutomatic take-off vehicle/trailer mounted launcher
Automatic landing
Hermes 450 ® Special Permit for UAS Type
Elbit Systems’ Hermes 450 is the first UAS to fly under a permit issued by CAAI, the Civil Aviation Authority of Israel.
CAAI has granted Elbit Systems a ‘Special Permit for Unmanned Aircraft System Type’ for the Hermes 450 and an authorization to operate, under limiting conditions, from specified airfields.
The permit has been granted upon a technical survey conducted by the UAS Committee, endorsed by Mr. Udi Zohar, head of CAAI.
Hermes 450 ® Special Permit (Cont’d)
Permit Basis Excellent in service experience and record of the Hermes 450 operated by the IDF, for more then 65,000 flight hours (at the time of approval)
Extensive safety analysis.
Operational Requirements and LimitationsApplied in order to ensure that the safety level of the ongoing civil operations is not diminished by the UAS presence
Civil flights priority in the specific CTR
Approved transfer route from the CTR to the military controlled airspace
Implementation of IFF mode3 & C.
Hermes 450 ® Special Permit (Cont’d)
The UAS has been registered and received 4X call signs.
Routine Hermes 450 flights are processed and issued under civil
aviation operational procedure.
As the UAS evolves various changes have been approved :
H450J- approved
H450W- under approval process
WK Approval
First flight – 15 April 2008 after 1/2/2007
First stage: Experimental configuration- first flights Maturation Configuration- for flight tests only60 flights performed
Certification basis: USAR STANAG 4671- extensive compliance unless replaced by UK requirements.RTCA/DO - 178B Software Considerations in Airborne SystemsRTCA/DO - 245 Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic HardwareUK airworthiness requirements
JSP553 – Military Airworthiness Regulations.DEFSTAN 00-970 part 9 (Airworthiness)DEFSTAN 00-123 (Technical Procedures)DEFSTAN 00-56 Issue 3 (Safety)
Extensive Safety AnalysisOngoing process of selected reports approvalComplementing effort with UK Military Certification
Past experience
with foreign authorities
Past experience
with foreign authorities
Previous Approvals
FAA COA Certificate of Authorization to Department of Homeland
Security for Hermes 450 ® Flight - June 2004
UK Flight Authorization for Aberport UAV Flying Demonstration for
Hermes 450 ® - August 2005
UK Ministry of defense - Design Approval for Military Aircraft and
Airborne Equipment - DAOS- for design, development, manufacture,
modification and flight test of unmanned vehicle systems- Nov 2006,
updated February 2007
Approvals for military missions: IDF, UK and others
RTS for H450 ® in the UK (GTOL upgrade in process).
Summary
UAS Design Organization
UAS Operation Organization
UAS Pilots
UAS Special Flight Permit for specific systems
Hermes 450C ® : basic configuration and derivatives
Hermes 450J ®
Hermes 450WK - permit for flight tests and activity for full certification
Skylark 1 ®
Skylark 2 ® with derivatives
Skylark 2A ®
Hermes 90 ®
Hermes 900 ® - at the stage of application
Hermes 450W ® – approval for testing configuration
Choice of highest level of airworthiness requirements
USAR for medium UAS
System Safety with emphasis on SW and FW development for mini & small UAS
Full collaboration with Israeli Authorities
Certification of products
Feedback to regulatory effort
Active participation in International Forums